Collection context
Summary
- Creators:
- Loomis, Francis B. (Francis Butler)
- Abstract:
- Official and personal correspondence, reports, legal briefs, speeches, publications, photographs, newspaper clippings, and miscellaneous material; also included is correspondence dealing with Loomis' involvement in crises relating to Venezuela, Santo Domingo, and Panama, his role during negotioation of the Russo-Japanese War, and his participation in Republican politics during the years 1898-1912; post World War I correspondence focuses on such varied topics as the Japanese question in California, the importance of newspapers in forming public opinion, and consular reform and political issues; numerous Presidents of the U.S. and other notable figures of the period are represented.
- Extent:
- 7.5 Linear Feet (15 boxes)
- Language:
- English
- Preferred citation:
-
[Identification of item] Francis B. (Francis Butler) Loomis Papers (M0096), Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford Libraries, Stanford, Calif.
Background
- Scope and content:
-
The Francis B. Loomis Papers reflect one of the most dynamic periods of American History: the era of the Monroe Doctrine, of American imperialism, and of Theodore Roosevelt's political vitality. This collection includes official and personal correspondence, reports, legal briefs, speeches, publications, photographs, newspaper clippings, and miscellaneous material. Of particular importance is correspondence dealing with Loomis' involvement in crises relating to Venezuela, Santo Domingo, and the Panama Canal; his role during negotiation of the Russo-Japanese War; and his participation in Republican politics during the years 1898-1912.
Post World War I correspondence, ancillary to the main questions raised by the papers, focuses on such varied topics as the Japanese question in California, the importance of newspapers in forming public opinion, and of course, Loomis' continued interest in consular reform and political issues. Unfortunately, the collection suffers from some major omissions. Few items relate to Loomis' career with Standard Oil Company from 1914-1941. Additionally, there is a significant absence of correspondence between Mr. Loomis and Bunau-Varilla before November 12, 1903, although it is known that they corresponded as early as 1902.
These papers provide perspectives on issues which concern modern researchers, such as nationalism in the Canal Zone, U.S.-Latin American relations, the inner workings of the two party system, and effective consular representation abroad. Close examination of the material raises as many questions as it provides answers. This obvious paradox makes the Loomis Papers most valuable to the student of American history in that it provides important incentive for further investigation.
- Biographical / historical:
-
Francis Butler Loomis (July 27, 1861 – August 4, 1948) served as the United States Ambassador to Venezuela from 1897 to 1901 and the United States Ambassador to Portugal from 1901 to 1902. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of State from 1903 to 1905 when he was appointed as the acting United States Secretary of State.
Loomis' service with the State Department came during a critical period in American history. Both at home and abroad, he helped mold policy at a time when the Spanish-American War was being fought, when Japan was beginning to feel her strength in the Pacific, when the preliminary maneuvers for the construction of the Panama Canal were in progress, and when American economic imperialism was at its height. The diplomatic phase of his career seemed remarkable, but he was no less successful in his other varied endeavors. Loomis enjoyed success as a newspaper man, a political publicist, and a key figure in the U.S. oil industry.
Loomis' ancestors came to Windsor, Connecticut, from Braintree, England, in 1638 as part of the Puritan emigration from England. The family home at Windsor still stands as the Loomis Institute, dedicated to offering free education to deserving youngsters from twelve to twenty years old. Mr. Loomis, born in Marietta, Ohio, on July 27, 1861, was the son of Judge William B. and Frances (Wheeler) Loomis. He graduated from Marietta College in 1883 and joined the staff of the New York Tribune shortly thereafter. His involvement with politics began at the relatively early age of twenty-three when he worked on the James G. Blaine campaign of 1884 as head of the press bureau of the Republican National Committee. In this position Loomis was able to form friendships with Mr. Blaine, Senator Foraker, and many leaders of the Republican party. After Blaine's defeat, Loomis returned to Ohio to serve as State Librarian for two years. In 1887 he became the Washington correspondent for the Philadelphia Press. The following year Loomis reassumed his position as press agent for the Republican party's presidential nominee, Benjamin Harrison.
With President Harrison's victory, Loomis was appointed U.S. Consul to St. Etienne. France, a position he assumed in 1890. For the next three years he gave particular attention to the study of industrial conditions in Europe. Upon his return to the United States, he became Editor-in-Chief of the Cincinnati Daily Tribune. Once again Loomis was drafted to serve the Republican party. William McKinley called him to Canton. Ohio to aid his presidential campaign.
Shortly after his marriage to Elizabeth Mast of Springfield, Ohio he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Venezuela. Loomis' actions in Venezuela were either damned or praised, depending upon viewpoint. His detractors accused him of using American prestige and economic power to force business concessions abroad. His friends insisted that his only object was to improve trade relations between the United States and Venezuela. Loomis' service in Venezuela was quite active. He provided intelligence reports on the location of Admiral Cervera's fleet during the Spanish-American War; he explored trade possibilities during a trip up the Orinoco River aboard the Wilmington in 1898; he successfully negotiated several commercial treaties; and he energetically defended American interests in Venezuela.
In 1901 Loomis was appointed Minister to Portugal, a post he held until 1902 when he was recalled and appointed First Assistant Secretary of State. As First Assistant Secretary he served under John Hay, assuming more and more responsibility for the department as Hay's health deteriorated. With Hay's death in 1905, he became Secretary of State ad interim until Taft accepted the appointment. He was the first person to have served through all the grades of consular service and became its directing head in Washington.
Loomis was clearly a key figure in the implementation and formulation of Theodore Roosevelt's Panama policy. When it became clear that Colombia would not ratify the Hay-Herran treaty, he contacted John Basset Moore, an authority on international law, who concluded that Colombia was not in a position to obstruct the building of the canal. No doubt Loomis had been heavily influenced by Philippe Bunau-Varilla, whose commitment to the Panama route was decisive to the revolution. The two corresponded regularly from as early as 1902. Indeed, it is thought that it was Loomis who sent a telegram to the American representative in Panama to inform him that a revolution was in progress several hours before it had begun.
As Assistant Secretary, Loomis made many other major contributions to foreign policy. He played a large part in the settlement of the Santo Domingo financial problems of 1903, going to Santo Domingo to personally investigate and recommend solutions. He instigated and implemented the first trade agreement between the United States and Abyssinia. (It was while carrying this document to Abyssinia in 1904 aboard the Kaiser Wilhelm II that his brother, F. Kent Loomis, fell or was thrown overboard.) Loomis was closely connected with the negotiations which surrounded the Russo-Japanese War settlement. He weathered the scandal of the Bowen Affair. At the time of Hay's death he was in France as special envoy to claim the remains of John Paul Jones.
The strain of intense diplomatic activity, the Bowen Affair, and his brother's death took their toll. In October, 1905, Francis Loomis resigned as First Assistant Secretary of State with the understanding that he would be employed for special missions only. The succeeding years were occupied with speaking engagements, activities on behalf of the American Red Cross, and personal business. His interest in Japan and Japanese affairs, which developed as a result of his role during the Russo-Japanese negotiations, led to a presidential appointment in 1908 as special envoy to Japan and chairman of the American commission to plan participation in the Tokyo Exposition. More importantly, his presence in Japan was designed to remove any suggestion of menace, which President Roosevelt feared might be aroused in the minds of the Japanese people by his sending the American fleet around the world.
Upon his return to the United States, Loomis became involved with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and Republican politics. In 1912 he was appointed United States Commissioner General to the Exposition at Turin, Italy, and served in a similar capacity to the Berlin International Exposition Congress.
Always a newspaper man at heart, Loomis made an attempt to purchase the Oakland Tribune with Alfred Holman. The negotiations were unsuccessful. However, he was captivated by California and moved his family to Burlingame in 1914. Soon after, he joined the staff of Standard Oil Company as a foreign trade adviser. Though his position de manded that he travel extensively, he still managed active participation in California affairs. As a charter member of the Japanese Society of America, he endeavored to promote better relations between the Japanese and Caucasians in California. He visited Japan in 1922 and assisted in organizing a program to aid the Tokyo earthquake victims in 1923. Additionally, he continued his activities for the Republican Party, was a member of several clubs in the Bay Area, and continued his copious correspondence. Mr. Loomis retired from Standard Oil Company in 1941 at the age of eighty. He died on August 6, 1948.
His papers reveal the extent to which one individual may influence the path of history. A man recognized by his peers, but largely unfamiliar to the public, Loomis played a formative role in Republican politics and an aggressive U.S. foreign policy. His career illustrated his belief in fulfilling the Manifest Destiny of his generation.
- Acquisition information:
- The major portion of the collection was given by Miss Florence I. Loomis in April 1964. The bound volumes of outgoing correspondence and a number of books were given to the Hoover Institution in April 1962. In 1964 these items were transferred from Hoover and added to Miss Loomis' gift to Special Collections.
- Rules or conventions:
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
Indexed terms
- Names:
- Barrett, John.
Harrison, Benjamin
Hay, John
Hill, David Jayne.
Holman, Alfred H.
Foraker, Joseph Benson, 1846-1917
Griscom, Lloyd C.
Hanna, Marcus Alonzo
Hoover, Herbert
Harding, Warren G. (Warren Gamaliel), 1865-1923
Butler, Nicholas Murray
Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919
Davison, Henry Pomeroy.
Dolge, Rudolf.
Hughes, Charles Evans, 1962-1948
Beasley, Delilah L. (Delilah Leontium), 1871-1934
Bowen, Herbert.
Bryce, James, Viscount
Hull, Cordell
Bunau-Varilla, Philippe - Indexes:
-
Index I
Abbot, [?] Abbot, Ernest Abbot, John T. Adams, Henry Adee, Alvey Ahlstrom, Carl Albright, Howard C. Alcal, F. Aldrich, Nelson W. Alenood, Harry J. Alessandri Palma, Arturo Alette, J. Alexander II, of Russia Algeciras, Conference of January 16, 1906 Alger, Russell A. Almond, Harry J. Amador Guerrero, Manuel American College American Library Association Board American Peace Society American Protective League American Red Cross American Red Cross Board of Incorporators American Steam Laundry American Tobacco Company Andrade, Ignacio Andrade, Jos Andrews, Avery D. Aquinaldo, Emilio The Argonaut see also Holman, A. Army Navy Journal Arthur, Chester A. Ashikama, Francis Associated Press Ault, L. A. Bacon, Robert Bainbridge, William E. Baird, W. J. Baker, John Balfour, Arthur James Bancaria, Cia Bancroft, Frederick Bank of California Bannerman, Francis Banque Nationale de Saint Dominique Baptista, Leopoldo Baracka, Shereef of Barin, Frederick M. Barnes, B. Barrett, John Barrows, David P. Barrows, Dean Barry, John W. Bartholdt, Richard Barton, Bruce Baruch, B. M. Bas-Ironside, [?] Bayard, James A. Beaconsfield, Lord (Disraeli) Bean, Henry N. Beasley, Delilah L. Beaupr, A. M. Bedford, Alfred C. Beel, Clark Belden, Simeon Benavides, Oscar Bennett, James Gordon Beranger, Malcolm Bertram, James Beveridge, Albert J. Biddle, Nicholas Bijur, Nathan Bird, W. S. Bishop, J. B. Blaine, John J. Blake, Nelson M. Bliss, Cornelius Boardman, Mabel T. See American Red Cross Bobrinsky, Countess Ludmilla Bolt Peraza, N. Bonte, George W. Borah, William E. Bordonaro, A. Boulton, Bliss, Dallet Boulton, Henry Sr. Boulton, Henry K. Bowen, Herbert W. Breckenridge, Henry British Information Bureau Britten, Fred Brown, Clyde Bryan, Charles P. Bryce, James Buchanan, William I. Bunau-Varilla, Etienne Bunau-Varilla, Giselle Bunau-Varilla, Maurice Bunau-Varilla, Philippe Burba, George F. Burdell, W. F. Bureau of American Republics Burleson, A. S. Burton, Theodore E. Butler, Nicholas Murray See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Cabell, James B. Caceres, Ramon Caja de Recaudacion Calhoun, W. J. Call, Frank Cambn, Jules-Martin Campbell, Philip Campillo, Agustine Ydel Camplin, Edgar R. Cararris, J. A. O. Carbanell, J. R. Caribou Oil Company Carnegie, Andrew Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Carnegie, Louise W. Carner, A. H. Carpenter, Fred W. Carr, Wilbur Carter, George W. Cassini, Count Castle, W. N. Castro, Casimiro Castro, Cipriano Central Pacific Railroad Central Raw Silk Association of Japan Cervera, Pasqual Chadwick, F. E. Chaffe, Adna R. Chandler, Harry Channing, J. Parke Chapin, F. L. Chapman, Charles Cherry, Albert The Chicago Herald The Chicago Post The Chicago Tribune Chin tung Choate, Joseph H. Cincinnati Enquirer Cincinnati Tribune Clark, John B. Clarkson, J. S. Cleveland, Grover Clinton, Daniel Cobos, Manuel J. Coe, F. W. Colbert, Jessica Colby, Bainbridge Colijn, H. Collier, H. D. Colliers Weekly Magazine Colonial Trust Company Colsman, Carl Compagnie du Nord de l'Espagnol Compagnie Gnrale Transatlantique Company of the Central Dominican Railway Conant, Harry A. Conant, James B. Conde, Fabricio Conkling, Howard Coolidge, Calvin Corbin, Edythe Patterson Corbin, Henry C. Cortelyou, George B. Cowles, Anna Roosevelt Cox, James M. Crane, Murray Creswell, H. T. Crichfield, George W. Crittenden, John J. Crocker, Ethel Crocker, Helen Crocker National Bank Crocker, Mrs. Templeton Crocker, William H. Cromwell, Nelson Cullen, Charles W. Cullom, Shelly M. Cuneo, Pietro Curtis, William E. Daily Mail The Daily News D. A. de Lima and Company Dater, John G. Davidson, James W. Davis, A. G. Davis, James J. Davis, Richard Harding Davison, Henry P. Davison, Kate Dawes, Charles G. Dawson, T. C. Day, Benjamin M. Day, William R. Dean, Charles R. Delcass, Thophile Delfino, Antonio E. Delima, E. Denby, Edwin De Sala, Fred E. Deterding, Henry De Vault, Charles L. Dewart, William T. Dewey, George Diaz, Porfirio Dick, Charles Dillingham, A. C. Doheny, Edward L. Dolge, Rudolf Dos Passos, John R. Doyle, W. T. S. Du Bois, James T. Dudley, Irving B. Durand, H. M. The Economist Edge, Walter E. Edmonds, P. C. Egan, Martin El Constitucional Elkins, Stephen B. Ellis, Wade H. The Enquirer Espejo, Manuel de Esselburne, Mrs. Ellsworth Eversull, H. K. Ewers, Ezra P. Expanded Metal and Corrugated Bar Company Fairbanks, C. W. Fall, Allen B. Faris, G. W. Farragut, David G. Ferris, Scott Feuille, Frank Fieldwick, H. Figaro Firter, John W. Fish, Stuyvesant Foch, Ferdinand Foord, John Foraker, Joseph B. Foster, John W. Foster, Rudolph Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary Frear, James Freiberg, Morris Frelinghuyser, Fred Frick, H. C. Frieberg, Maurice J. Frost, Louis Frost, Mrs. Louis Fullerton, W. Norton Fushimi, His Imperial Highness of Japan Glvan, de J. Galaves, Felix Gardener, Frank S. Garfield, James Garibaldi, Giuseppe Gary, Elbert H. Geiger, Alfred H. Geneva Convention of 1864 Gibson, Harvey Gibson, Hugh Gil Borges, [?] Gillett, J. Glennon, Archbishop Globe-Wernicke Company Goebel, Julius Golden Gate International Exposition Goldschmidt, Louis Gomez, Eustaquio Gomez, Juan Vicente Gorjao, Manoel Graham, William H. Gran Ferrocarril de Venezuela Grant-Duff, A. C. Grant, Ulysses S. Graves, H. A. The Great Adventure of Panama Bunau-Varilla Greene, Francis V. Greene, Roger S. Gregory, Thomas W. Grew, Joseph Grey, Edward Griscom, Lloyd C. Grizzley Bear Magazine Grn, Niels Grosscup, Peter S. Groves, R. L. Guarantee Trust Company Guayana Gold Mining and Exploration Company Guggenheim, (Daniel or Meyer) Gulf Oil Company Gummere, Samuel R. Guy, Harvey H. Hadley, Elliot Haggard, W. Hague, Treaty of Halstead, Murat Hammond, John Hays Handy, F. W. Hanna, Edward, Archbishop of San Francisco Hanna, Marcus Hanna, Philip Harding, Chester Harding, Warren G. Harper's Monthly Harper's Weekly Harriman, Edward H. Harris, John Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, Francis B. Harrison, Leland Harrison, William H. Hartar, Amanda Hartar, Elizabeth Harte van Jeckenburg, [?] Haskell, Henry S. See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Havana Post Haven, Joseph E. Hawk and Wetherbee Hawley, John M. Hay--Bunau-Varilla Treaty Hay, Clara S. [Mrs. John] Hay--Herran, Treaty of Hay, John Hay--Pauncefote, Treaty Hays, William Hearst Publications Hearst, William R. Heistand, H. O. S. Hemphill, J. M. Henckel, F. C. Henderson, Thomas J. Hengelmller van Hengervar, Louis Henriquez y Caravajal, [?] Henry, Charles L. Hepburn Law Herbert, Michael Herran, Toms Herrick, Myron T. Heureaux, Ulises Hill, David J. Hill, John T. Hill, William C. Hirst, F. W. History of the Panama Canal in Lapidary Style Hitchcock, William Hitler, Adolph Hitt, Robert R. H. L. Bolton and Company Hoar, George F. Hollis, Stanley W. Hollister, William Holls, F. W. Holman, Alfred see The Argonaut Holmes, E. Burton Holmes, Oliver W. Holt, Hamilton Hoor Press Company Hoover, Herbert Horacistas Houghton, A. B. Howe, Julia W. Huerta, Victoriano Huffer, Herman O. Hughes, Charles E. Hull, Cordell Humphrey, Charles B. Hunebelle, Jules Hunt, [?] Huntey, William Huntington, Collis P. Hurst, Carl Bailey Hutchinson, Norman Ibn Saud, [?] Illustration The Independent Ingalls, M. E. Inglares, Thomas Inner Harbor - Richmond, California International Peace Congress International Red Cross International Tribunal at The Hague Irish College Ishii, Kikujiro James Stewart and Company Japan Society of America Jaurett, A. F. Jay, N. D. Jimnez, Juan I. Joffr, Joseph-Jacques-Cesaire John Paul Jones Mission Johnson, E. B. Johnson, Henry U. Johnson, Hiram Johnson, James Jordan, David Starr Joubert, Emilio C. Jusserand, Jean Jules Kahn, Julius Kahn, Lazard Kaneko, Kenfuro Karrasch, F. Katsura, Taro Kean, Hamilton F. Keesling, Francis V. Sr. Keifer, J. Warren Kellogg, Frank B. Kengan, Henry Kenyon, William S. Kerens, Richard C. Kingsbury, S. A. Knight, George Knowland, Joseph R. Knowles, Horace Knox, Frank Knox, Philander C. Koll, Fred Komura, Jutaro Kowasky, Henry T. Kra, Isthmus of Krupp, Gustav Kumakeokan, [?] La Esfera Lafean, D. F. La Follette, Robert M. LaGuarra Harbor Corporation Laidlow, Robert Lake Mohonk Conference on International Arbitration Lali, Pierre La Lucha Lambert, Dr. [?] Lampton, W. J. Landfield, Jerome Landis, Charles B. Landon, Alfred Lane, Franklin K. Langenberg, H. F. Langerman, James Lansing, Robert la Sala, Perico La Salle Extension University Laughlin, Irwin Lausanne, Treaty of Lawrence, Benjamin Lawton, Henry Lay, Julius Leger, J. N. Legion of Honor, Decoration of Leimert, Walter Lenroot, Irvine L. Leo XIII, Pope Leon, A. C. Leon, Carlos Leopold, King of Belgium Lesseps, Charles de Lesseps, Ferdinand de Lewis, Randolph C. Libby, William H. Limantour, Jos-Yves Lincoln, Abraham Lippton, Eno Lithgow, A. W. Little, W. S. Littlepage, T. P. Lockwood, Edwin C. Lodge, Henry C. Loeb, William Jr. London, C. J. London Spectator London Times Long, John D. Longworth, Nicholas Loomis, Charles W. Loomis, Elizabeth Mast Loomis, Florence I. Loomis, Francis B. Loomis, Francis B. (Jimp) Jr. Loomis, F. Kent Loomis, William B. Lpez Contreras, Eleazar Lorca Pellrross, Arturo Loriquet at Panama Loubet, Emile Francois Louis, Prince of Battenberg Ludford, E. McAdoo, William G. McAllister, Lambert MacArthur, Douglas McCabe, Bishop McCall, John C. McCormick, Robert S. McCoy, Frank McKellar, Kenneth D. McKenney, F. D. McKinley, Abner McKinley, William McLaughlin, M. O. McNab, Gavin Machado y Morales, Gerardo Mack, J. Maddox, Samuel Madison, James Madrid a Bilbao Railroad Mail and Express Mantini, J. Edward Marbury, Theodore Marietta College Mason, Frank Massingham, H. W. Matos, [?] Matsudaira, Tsuneo Mayers, Charles Mayo, Catherine Medico-Legal Society Mellon, A. W. Menelik II, of Ethiopia Mercado, Lorenzo Merritt, R. F. R. Metcalf, H. V. Metropolitan Magazine Metternick, Clemens Meyers, Alfred Michelena Contract Michelson, Albert Miles, Nelson A. Miller, J. I. Millet, Frank D. Milloy, Jerry Mills, Ogden L. Miyoaka, Tsunejiro Moler, William G. Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine See Dexter Perkins Monroe, James Montauban, E. Moody, W. H. Morales, Carlos Morales, Odoardo Moran, Cardinal Moore, Charles A. Moore, John B. Morgan, Charles P. Morgan, Douglas A. Morgan, J. Pierpoint Morris, Robert Morse, S. F. B. Morton, Paul Mulay Ali See Shereef of Wozan Murray, Arthur Murray, C. B. Mussolini, Benito Myers, J. Nabucof, Joaquin N. A. Paquet and Company Nash, Paul National Association of Manufacturers National Bank of Santo Domingo National Republican Committee Naumburg, A. The Negro Trail Blazers of California See Delilah Beasley Neville, Edwin L. Nevins, Allan Newcomb, William A. Newhall, W. Mays Newlands, Francis G. New York and Bermudez Asphalt Company New York Board of Trade and Transportation New York Central Railroad The New York Evening Post The New York Herald The New York Journal New York Life Insurance Company The New York Sun The New York Tribune The New York World Nicaraguan Canal Nicholas II, Czar of Russia Nicholson, D. Niles, W. W. Nimitz, Chester Nobel Prize for Peace North American Review Norton, Thomas H. Oakland Tribune O'Connor, Basil Odell, H. Allen Ohio Republican State Executive Committee O'Laughlin, John C. Olavarria, J. A. Olcott, R. Morgan O'Neal, W. C. Orbeck, Andrew J. Order of the Crown of Italy Oregon Historical Quarterly Orinoco Corporation The Orinoco Shipping and Trading Company Ltd. The Orinoco Steamship Company Orinoco Trading and Transportation Company Ormsbee, Talcott Osborne, John B. Ospina Perez, M. Oura, Kanetake Outlook Magazine Overstreet, Jesse Pacific League of International Relations Pacific Mail Steamship Company Paez, Federico Page, Thomas Nelson Paish, George Palmer, Frederick Panama Canal Panama Crisis Panama Pacific Exposition Panama, Republic of Pan American Bulletin Pan American Conference Pan American Railroad Pan American Union Pan Pacific Society Paquet, Norbert A. Paredes, Antonio The Paris Daily Herald Parish, W. H. Parker, Frank Parmelee, James Parparen, Ramon Parsons, J. R. Patchin, Robert H. Patterson, Lila Patterson, Raymond Paul, J. de J. Pauncefote, Julian Pearson's Magazine Pecci, Ludovico Peixotto, G. D. M. Pelps, William H. Penfield, William L. Penrose, Boies The People's Government Pepper, Charles M. Perdicaris, Ion Perkins, Dexter See The Monroe Doctrine Perkins, George C. Permanent Court of International Justice Pershing, John J. Pershing, Mary Ptain, Philippe Petroleum Concessions Ltd. Petroleum Times Phelan, James D. Phelps, William E. Philadelphia Evening Telegraph Philbin, Eugene A. Philippine Question Phillips, H. C. Phillips, John R. Phillips, Roland Pickleman, Sebastian Pierce, Herbert H. D. Pike, William J. Pilgrim's Society Pillsbury, E. S. Pinelli, Philippe Pittman, Gerry Pius X, Pope Platt, Orville H. Plumacher, E. H. Plumley, Frank Polk, Willis K. Porter, Clarence Porter, Horace Post (Oakland?) Powell, W. F. Powers, Horace H. Press Release Prince, John D. Prostkauer, Saul Puck Purbrey, Eugene Quay, Matthew S. Quill Club, New York Radcliffe, [J. R. S.?] Raisuli, Mohamed Ralston, Jackson H. Rampol, Cardinal Reciprocity Treaty, Cuba, United States Redding, Joseph D. Reid, J. Whitelaw Rendon, [?] Reyes, Rafael Reynolds, J. B. Rocco, [?] Rockefeller, John D. Jr. Rodgers, I. S. Rodriquez, Dimetrio Roehl, Eduardo Rogers, Edith N. Rogers, John J. Roosevelt, Alice Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Theodore Root, Elihu Rosen, Baron Ross, Charles B. Rostand, [?] Rourke, Thomas Rouvier, Maurice Rowell, Chester Royal Dutch Company Royce, L. W. Russell, Lindsay Russell, William W. Russo-Japanese War Ruyssenairs, L. H. St. Andrews University St. John, C. M. St. Louis Exposition St. Mary's Sakai, Tadusaki Salinas bonds Sammons, Thomas Sampson, Archibald J. Sampson, William T. Sanabria, Gustavo San Antonio Daily Express Sanborn, Edward H. Sanchez, Juan Sanderson, T. A. San Domingo Finance Company of New York San Domingo Improvement Company of New York San Francisco Bulletin San Francisco Examiner San Francisco Exposition San Francisco News San Joaquin Valley, California Santiago, Department of Sargent, Nathan Satolli, Cardinal Saturday Evening Post Saturday Review of Literature Schley, Winfield Schwan, Theodore Schwarzenstein, Mumm von Scony Oil Scott, Henry L. Scripps-McRae Association Search, Theodore C. Seeger, Eugene Seidmore, George F. Seijas, Ramon Seligman Brothers of London Shafter, William R. Sharp, Amor W. Shaw, Albert Shaw, Howland Shell Oil Company Sherman, John Sherrill, Charles Shortridge, Samuel M. Sigsbee, Charles D. Simmons, Roger A. Sinclair Concession Skiff, Frederick J. Skinner, Helen W. Skinner, Robert P. Small, Sam Smiley, Albert K. Smith, Al Smith, Charles E. Smith, Warren Smyth, William D. Snyder, G. Southern Pacific Company South Manchuria Railway Company Spanish-American War Spectator Speransky, Julia G. Speyer, James Springfield News Stabler, Herbert J. Stamp, Josiah Standard Oil Bulletin Standard Oil Company Standard Oil Company of California Standard Oil of New Jersey Stanford, Mrs. Leland Stanford University Stanton, Philip Stearns, Frank W. Steinhart, [?] Stephens, Virginia Stevenson, Adlai E. Stimson, Henry L. Sthamer, Frederick Stoddard, Henry L. Stokes, W. E. D. Stratton, F. S. Straus, Oscar S. Surez, Eduardo Sullivan, Mark Sutro, Adolph Sutro, Oscar Swann, Albert W. Swanson, Charles E. Swayne, Charles Taft, Robert A. Taft, William H. Takahira, Kogoro Taylor, H. C. Tejera, Emiliano Tello, Aristides Tennessee Copper Company Thayer, W. Roscoe Theodore Roosevelt and His Time See J. B. Bishop Theodore Roosevelt and the Kaiser in 1905 See Bunau-Varilla Thompson, John Tisza, Istvan Tobin Memorandum Tokyo, International Exposition of Toledo Trujillo, [?] Torres, Mohammad Ben Larbi Torres Cardenas, [?] Tower, Charlemagne Townsend, George A. Townsend, Lawrence Truman, Harry Turin, International Exposition of Tyler, George S. Underwood, Oscar W. Underwood, Rufus A. Union Pacific Railroad United Press United States Consul, Turin United States Legation, Bogota United States Legation, Lisbon United States Legation, Spain United States Steel Corporation Upham, Fred Valencia Railroad Vandenberg, Arthur van Loon, Hendrik Willem Vsquez, Leon Vatin, Periguon Vavasour-Noel, John Velsquez, [?] Velaz, Coiticaa The Venezuelan Herald Verdunisation Vicentini, Cesar Vidal, M. Vignauer, Henry Villiers, [?] Villimil, Jose von Lutz, Baron von Sternberg, H. S. Wada, Hikojiro Wadsworth, James W. Jr. Walker, William Wallace, Mrs. Hugh Warren, Charles B. Washington Herald Washington Post Watterson, Henry Weeks, John W. Weid, Smith M. Welles, Sumner Westendorp and Company Westinghouse Company Wheeler, Benjamin Wheeler, Ernest Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, William R. White, Albert B. White, Andrew D. White, Harry White, Henry Whitney, Harry Wiart, Carton de Wiborg, Frank B. Wickersham, George W. Wilbur, Ray Lyman Wilder, Amos P. Wilkie, Wendell William II, King of Germany Williams, Oscar F. Willis, Frank B. Willys, John Wilson, Henry P. Wilson, Hugh Wilson, Huntington Wilson, Woodrow Wise, Henry A. Witte, Sergey Y. Wood, Leonard Woodard, J. H. Woodford, Stewart Woodworth, B. Wozan, Shereef of See Mulay Ali Wright, Robert K. Wurlitzer, Howard Wyandot Union Republican Yale Review Yale University Ybarra, Alejandro Yeiser, H. C. Y.M.C.A. Young, Ella Young, Owen D. Zimmerman, [?] Zuloaga, Nicomedes Jr. Zumeta, Caesar Index II
Adams, Philip Adams, Robert Adams, W. N. Addison, A. D. Adee, Alvey The Advertiser Akers, E. A. Alden, C. E. Alderman, A. D. Alderman, Edwin A. Aldrich, Nelson W. Alger, Russell A. Alien Land Law Alkire, A. N. Allen, Andrew H. Allen, Horace N. Allen, W. Allison, William B. Almond, Harry J. American Historical Society American Red Cross American Security and Trust Company Andara, M. L. J. Anderson, A. S. Anderson, Edward Anderson, Frank Anderson, George E. Andrade, Ignacio Andrews, Avery D. Andrews, Loring Arbanell, J. R. Argentine Legation Argentine Mission The Argonaut Arkell, W. V. Armour, Ogden Armstrong, George W. Armstrong, R. B. Arnold, H. B. Arnot, Raymond Arosemena, Carlos C. Associated Press Athey, D. Charles Atlantic Monthly Ault, L. A. Austin, O. P. Austrian Embassy Ayme, L. H. Ayres, Howard Babbitt, E. H. Bacon, Robert Bain, George G. Bainbridge, William E. Baird, G. W. Baird, William J. Baldwin, Elbert F. Baldwin, Evelyn B. Baldwin, George E. Baldwin, George M. 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British Embassy Bristow, [?] Bromuell, J. H. Bronson, W. Brooks, Benjamin H. Bross, Ernest Brown, Clyde Brown, Philip Brown, Walter Brun, M. Constantine Bryan, J. H. Bryan, O. G. Buchanan, William I. Bukey, Jean M. Bullock, William E. Bunau-Varilla, Philippe Bunker, William M. Burchell, N. W. Burgeoise, Leon Burguin, A. P. Burke, M. J. Burns, James Burrows, Julius C. Burton, Theodore E. Busbey, L. White Busch Haddenbausen, [?] Butler, Charles H. Butler, Nicholas M. Butler, Theodore E. Butterworth, E. M. Caldwell, John A. California Arabian Standard Company California Press Association Callahan, J. M. Calvo, Joaquin Bernardo Camp, Eugene M. Campagna, Matthew Campbell, James E. Canadian Pacific Railroad Cannon, Joseph Capron, K. Carden, Lionel Carman, Heron L. Carmichael, Otto Carnegie, Andrew Carnegie Peace Endowment Carner, A. H. Carpenter, Frank Carr, William J. Carranza, Venustiano Carter, John R. Cassell, William Cassini, Count Castro, Cipriano Ceballos, J. M. Cellere, V. 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Dolge, Alfred Dolge, Rudolph Dolliver, J. P. Dos Passos, John R. Doty, William F. Dove, J. Maury Dover, Elmer Dresser, Soloman R. Drew, John Dubois, James T. Dudley, Irving Dudley, W. W. Dunn, James R. Dunne, Frank V. Durand, H. Mortimer Duvall, Andrew Dyer, Rowland Edelman, Louis Edwards, Clarence R. Eells, William E. Egan, Thomas P. Elkins, Stephen B. Elliot, A. B. Elliot, C. D. Elliot, Charles W. Ellis, Wade H. Ellsworth, Luther T. Elmore, J. F. Ely, Robert E. Embry, J. H. Emerson, H. D. Emory, Frederick Estournelles de Constant, Baron Euan-Smith, Charles Evans, H. Clay Evans, James F. Fairbanks, Charles W. Fairbanks, J. E. Fassett, J. Sloat Fawcett, Walden Fermin, A. Field, Charles K. Fieldwick, H. Figaro Fillmore, Charles W. Financial Times Fish, Stuyvesant Fishback, George W. Fiske, George M. Flynn, E. F. Flynn, M. W. Follett, A. Dewey Foord, John Foraker, Joseph B. Forbes, Edgar A. Fosburg, James Foster, Arthur Foster, John G. Fox, William C. Francis, Charles S. Francis, David R. Franklin, P. A. S. French Canal Company French Embassy Frey, G. H. Frye, William P. Fuller, Arthur G. Funk, C. S. Funk and Wagnolls Company Funston, Frederick Gaitree, W. B. Gallagher, J. A. Gallinger, Jacob H. Gambn, F[r]ederico Ganetson, Joseph Gard, Daniel Hosner Gardner, A. L. Garfield, James A. Garfield Safe Deposit Company Gates, S. A. Gaulin, Alphonse German Embassy German Press Association Gessner, F. B. Gettys, A. L. Geyers, W. F. Gibbons, Cardinal Gibson, E. J. Gillespie, T. A. Gilliland, George Given, Walker Glass, A. W. Gleaves, Albert Glenn, Theodore E. Goddard, George F. Goddard, Nelson Goff, Thomas T. Goldschmidt, Louis Gomar, Jose D. Gomes Ferreira, Alfredo de M. Gompers, Samuel Goodnow, John Gore, James H. Gorham, George C. Goss, Mary W. Gowdy, John K. Gram, Harvey B. Granger, Walter L. Grant, Joseph D. Great Bear Spring Company Greene, W. Maxwell Gregory, Catheryn C. Gribescock, Emil Grieser, H. A. Griffiths, John L. Griscom, Lloyd C. Griswold, Edith J. Groothoff, [?] Grosvenor, Gilbert H. Gugenheim, I. M. Gulf Oil Company Gummere, Samuel R. Gunsaulus, Edwin N. Hadcock, John Hadley, Elliot Hague Tribunal Hahn, H. H. Hale, Edward Everett Hale, Eugene Hale, Harry C. Hale, Ruben B. Halford, A. J. Halstead, Murat Hamilton, Stanislaus H. Hamm, Walter C. Hanauer, Simon W. Handy, William M. Hanna, Hugh R. Hanna, Marcus A. Hanna, Philip C. Hanna, Walter C. Hannsman, Carl A. Hansen, Theodore Harding, Warren G. Hardy, Arthur S. Hargete, Frank Harjes, John H. Harrison, Mrs. Benjamin Harrison, Charles C. Hart, Charles B. Harvey, George Hathaway, John Haven, Joseph E. Hawk, William L. Hay, John Hay, Mrs. John Hay--Herran Treaty Hayes, John H. Hearst, William R. Heatwok, Joel P. Hege, S. B. Heistand, H. O. S. Helmle, George B. Helper, Hinton Rowan Hemick, Rolland J. Henderson, T. J. Hepburn, William P. Hergert, Gustav L. Hernndez, Jose M. Herrick, Myron T. Hicks, John Higgins, Frank W. Higley, Warren Hill, David J. Hill, Ebenezer Hill, Robert J. Hill, William C. Hioki, Eki Hitchcock, Ethan A. Hitt, Robert M. H. L. Boulton and Company Hobart, I. C. Hobbs, John F. Hochdrfer, Richard H. Hodges and Stearns Hollander, Jacob H. Holls, Frederick W. Holman, Alfred Holt, Hamilton Hooker, James J. Hooper, J. J. Hooper, Osman Hoover, Herbert Hopley, Joseph W. Hoppes, John J. Howard, George Howe, Church Howland, E. C. Hoyt, Henry M. Hoyt, John B. Hubbell, George W. Huerta, Victoriano Hughes, Charles E. Hughes, O. D. J. Hull, Cordell Humphrey, Alexander C. Humphreys, W. E. Hunt, G. Hunt, William H. Huntington, Sanuel Hurst, Carl B. Hurst, John Hutchinson, Norman Hutchinson, P. D. Ide, George E. Ide, Kittey Ide, W. H. Ingalls, M. E. International Institute of Measurement Units International and Universal Exhibition at Brussels 1919 Ireland, Fred Irish, John P. Irish, Irwin Ishii, Kikujiro Isthmian Canal Company Italian Embassy Ito, Prince Jackson, John B. Jacobson, A. D. James T. White and Company, Publishers Japan Finance Commission Japan Society of America Japanese Legation Jaurett, A. F. Jenks, J. W. Jewell, Henry M. John Hancock Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company Johnson, E. B. Johnson, Emory R. Johnson, Felix S. S. Johnson, Hiram Johnson, James Johnson, Mrs. Mary A. Johnson, William F. Johnson, Willis Fletcher Johnson, Wynne and Company Johnston, James Jr. Johnston, W. H. Jones, John Paul Joubert, Emilio C. J. P. Morgan and Company Jordan, W. H. Jusserand, Jean Jules Kahn, Julius Katsura, Taro Kean, John Keen, E. L. Keene, Francis B. Keifer, J. Warren Kellogg, Frank B. Kellogg, James C. Kelly, James H. Kelly, Thomas H. Kennedy, Crammond Kennedy, George E. Kennedy, J. Russell Kenney, A. D. Kenney, A. S. Kenyon, William S. Ker, S. P. Kerens, Richard C. Kerens, Mrs. Richard C. Kerens, Vincent Khan, Isaac Kincaid, Edgar B. Kinchant, Robert H. King, Landreth H. Kingsbury, S. A. Kioke, [?] Knowles, Horace G. Knox, Philander C. Kohlsaat, Charles W. Komura, Jutaro Kraft's Sons Krenztin, Julius A. Kurtz, C. F. Kurtz, C. L. Lafean, Daniel F. LaLane, Frank D. Lampton, W. J. Landis, Charles B. Landon, Francis G. Lane, Franklin Langer, Joseph J. Langerman, James H. Langley, S. P. Lardy, Charles L. E. Larrinaga, Tulio LaRue, H. B. Lawler, K. K. Lawrence, [?] Lay, Julius G. Ledoux, Urbain J. Lee Hung Chang Lee, Joseph W. J. Leger, J. N. Leimert, Walter Lemmon, George T. Leon, A. C. Leonard, H. S. Lepage, G. L. Le Roy, James A. Lesner, Clarence L. Le Temps of Paris Levi Strauss and Sons Lewis, N. G. Libby, William H. Liberty National Bank Limantour, Jose-Yves Lindauer, W. Lindaur, J. J. Lindsay, John D. Linn, Walter L. Lipscomb, A. A. Lithgow, A. W. Littman, Eno Livingston, Thomas H. Lloyd, W. Lockwood, Edwin C. Lodge, Henry Cabot Loeb, William Jr. Long, Bryon R. Long, Chester I. Longworth, Alice R. Longworth, Nicholas Loomis, Burdett Loomis, Charles Loomis, Dwight Loomis, Elizabeth Loomis Family Association Loomis, Florence Loomis, Francis B. Loomis, Francis B. (Jimp) Jr. Loomis, F. Kent Loomis, Harry E. Loomis, Jennie Lopez, Rafael S. Lynch, Frank E. Lyon, Ernest McBride, James J. McCabe, Alex S. McCabe, Charles C. McCain, George Nox McCall, Henry McCalla, B. W. McCammon, Charles McCarthy, Thomas B. McCartney, J. H. McCawley, Charles L. McClellan, George B. McClure, Samuel G. McComas, Louis E. McCook, John J. McCormick, E. O. McCormick, Robert S. McCortney, J. H. McCullom, Shelby McDonald, Alex McGee, W. J. McGlynn, F. P. McGuire, Mrs. Lillian McKee, Sidney S. McKenney, F. D. Mackeys, [?] McKinley, William McLaurin, John C. McLeon, John R. McNally, James C. McNutt, Paul Maddox, Samuel Maddy, J. K. Magee, C. L. Magoon, Charles E. Magoon, Charles F. Mahany, Rowland B. Malmross, Oscar Maltus and Ware Manheim, F. J. 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Moore, John Bassett Moore, Thomas Ewing Morel, E. D. Morell, H. Morgan, Douglas O. Morgan, J. Pierpoint Morgan, John T. Mohonk, Lake Moriya, R. N. Morris, Minor Morris, Sidney S. Morton, Henry E. Morton, Levi P. Morton, Paul Mueller, [?] Muoz, Jorge Munroe, Charles E. Murray, C. B. Mutsu, Hirokitschi National Academy of Political and Social Science Naval War College Neale, S. C. Nelson, Knute Neuer, C. Nevins, Allan New, Harry S. Newberry, [?] Newcomb, William A. Newel, Stanford New York Herald New York Journal of Commerce New York Life Insurance Company New York Shipbuilding Company The New York Sun The New York Times The New York Tribune The New York World Nobel Peace Prize Noel, John V. The North American Review North Venezuelan Petroleum Company Norton, Mrs. T. H. Noyes, Theodore R. Noyes, Thomas C. Oakland Tribune Ochs, Adolph O'Connell, John J. Odell, H. Allen Ohio Republican Association Ohl, Joseph K. Ojeda, Emilio O'Laughlin, John C. Olcott, R. Morgan Oldham, Wylie E. Open Door Policy O'Reilly, Robert M. Orinoco Steamship and Trading Company Orr, Clair A. Osbon, B. S. Otis, Harrison G. Oulahan, Richard V. Outlook Ovay, M. S. Oyster, George M. Ozmun, Edward H. Padberg, E. Page, Walter H. Paish, George Palmer, F. W. Palmer, Henry Palmer, Percy S. Panama Canal Panama Railway Company Paquet, Norbert A. Paquet and Company Paris Daily Herald Parish, W. H. Parker, Frank Parker, Gardner T. Parker, George F. Parker, Julius Parsons, James R. Partridge, Frank C. Patrick, John T. Patterson, A. V. Patterson Institute Patterson, William A. Patton, [?] Paul, B. H. Paul, J. de J. Payne, Christopher H. Peabody, George F. Peale, G. P. Pedicaris, Ion Peixotto, G. D. M. Peixotto, Percy Penfield, Forde C. Penfield, William L. Penrose, Boris Pepper, Charles M. Prez Triane, Eduardo Prez, G. B. Perhacs, W. Emil Perkins, George C. Perrin, L. Valerein Perter, Horace Pettit, J. W. Phelan, James D. Philip, Hoffman Phillips, H. C. Phillips, Lee Phillips, Roland Phillips, William C. Pickands Brown and Company Pierce, Herbert H. Pierson, P. E. Pike, William J. Pillsbury, John E. Pinchot, Gifford Pittman, Key Planches, Baron des Platt, Orville H. Platt, Thomas C. Plumacher, Eugene H. Pool, A. S. Porter, Horace Porter, Linn B. Porter, Steve Porters de la Fosse, des Post Express Potbury, Edwin Potomac Electric Power Company Potter, Julian Powell, William T. Prather, Thomas Pratt, J. J. Prestry, Frank Pressing and Orr The Press Magazine Price, Clarence Proctor, Redfield Proskauer, Samuel Puhl, M. O. Pulido, Augusto F. Pulitzer, Joseph Purington, William A. Purinton, T. B. Pyle, H. Queen City Club Rabbits, William Raikes, Arthur S. Rainey, Henry T. Ralston, Jackson H. Ranolds, T. L. Ray, Nathaniel Redfield, Redfield and Lydon Redman, Walter C. Reed, Charles A. L. Reed, Charles W. Reform in the Consular Service See Loomis, F. B. Reid, James Whitelaw Reynolds, James B. Riano, Juan Ribble, George W. Rice, Harry E. Richards, William A. Richardson, Charles Richardson, William Richmond Inner Harbor Project Riddle, John N. Rives, George B. Robbins, Harry W. Robbins, Raymond Robinson, Albert G. Robinson, C. L. F. Robertson, W. Henry Roca, Julia A. Rockhill, W. W. Rodenberg, [?] Rogers, J. Linn Rogers, Richard H. Rojas, P. Ezequiel Roosa, I. P. Roosevelt, Edith Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, George W. Roosevelt, Theodore Root, Elihu Rose, I. R. Ross, John A. Rowe, L. S. Rowell, Chester Royal Dutch Oil Company Russell, Lucy D. Russell, William W. Ryan, Thomas Sachs, George P. Sacramento Union Saint Louis Centennial Celebration Saint Louis Times Sakai, Tadusaki Saks, Joseph I. Sampson, Archibald J. Sanchez, James F. Sands, W. F. Sargent, Nathan Ibn Saul, King of Arabia Saum, [?] Sawter, George Scaffer, J. C. Scandella, F. Schaeffer, J. C. Schieren, Charles A. Schmidlapp, J. G. Schmidtlapp, J. J. Schonburg, Arthur A. Schwalbe, Otto Scott, H. T. Scott, John Winfield Scott, N. B. Scruggs, William L. 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