Access
Use
Acquisition Information
Preferred Citation
Historical Note
Scope and Content of Collection
Arrangement Statement
Title: Herbert Romerstein collection
Date (inclusive): 1864-2011
Collection Number: 2012C51
Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Language of Material:
English
Physical Description:
1250 manuscript boxes, 43 oversize boxes, 17 card file boxes, 1 small object box, 1 oversize folder
(676.8 Linear Feet)
Abstract: Pamphlets, leaflets, serial issues, studies, reports, and synopses of intelligence documents relating to the Communist International,
communism and communist front organizations in the United States, Soviet espionage and covert operations, and propaganda and
psychological warfare, especially during World War II.
source:
Romerstein, Herbert
Physical Location: Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Access
Boxes 220, 519, 1290-1294, 1311 and FH2 may not be used without permission of the Archivist; there is digitized content from
this collection available. The remainder of the collection is open for research. Materials must be requested in advance via
our reservation system. If there are audiovisual or digital media material in the collection, they must be reformatted before
providing access.
Use
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Acquisition Information
Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 2012, with subsequent increments through 2015.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Herbert Romerstein collection, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Historical Note
The Herbert Romerstein collection consists of material collected by Herbert Romerstein (1931-2013) over a period of many decades,
during which he served successively as a staff member of United States Congressional committees (House Committee on Un-American
Activities, House Committee on Internal Security, and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence) and of the United
States Information Agency. He made use of the collection as research material for several publications of which he was author
or co-author, including
The KGB against the Main Enemy: How the Soviet Intelligence Service Operates against the United States (Lexington, 1989),
Heroic Victims: Stalin's Foreign Legion in the
Spanish
Civil
War
(Washington, D.C., 1994),
The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors (Washington, D.C., 2000), and
Stalin's Secret Agents: The Subversion of Roosevelt's Government (New York, 2012).
Scope and Content of Collection
The principal focus of the collection is on international communism and on communism in the United States. Besides material
issued by or relating to the Communist International, the Young Communist International, the Communist Information Bureau,
the Communist Party, U.S.A., the Young Communist League and Communist parties of countries other than the United States, there
is also a great deal of material issued by communist front organizations, ostensibly independent from Communist parties but
closely associated with them and concentrated on specific fields or issues, including peace, labor, religion, race, ethnicity,
journalism, law, education, women, youth, and solidarity with Communist-bloc countries or movements abroad.
Among those organizations covered are the World Peace Council, American League against War and Fascism, Red International
of Labor Unions, World Federation of Trade Unions, International Labor Defense, International Red Aid, Workers International
Relief, Christian Peace Conference, National Negro Congress, International Workers Order, International Order of Journalists,
International Association of Democratic Lawyers, Women's International Democratic Federation, Women's International League
for Peace and Freedom, World Federation of Democratic Youth, International Union of Students, World Youth and Student Festival,
American Youth Congress, Friends of the Soviet Union, National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, and Afro-Asian Peoples'
Solidarity Organization.
While correspondence and internal and public issuances of these organizations form the largest volume of material, the collection
also includes reports and other writings of a critical nature about them. The extent of documentation of this network of organizations
is unusually comprehensive. There is also much information on Communist activity within a wider range of organizations covering
the same gamut of areas as communist front organizations, as well as mainstream political parties, the United Nations, the
Socialist International, and the United States government from the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt to that of Barack
Obama.
A second focus is on Soviet espionage in the United States. The collection includes a set of the Venona Project intercepts
of Soviet diplomatic communications made by the United States government during the 1930s and 1940s and publicly released
in the 1990s. It also includes an English translation of the complete set of notes made by Alexander Vassiliev on the contents
of Soviet intelligence service files that he examined in the 1990s. Access to these files was subsequently closed by the Russian
government, but Vassiliev's notes served as a basis for the books
The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America: The Stalin Era (New York, 1999) and
Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America (New Haven, 2009), both of which Vassiliev co-authored.
A third focus of the collection is on psychological warfare, including disinformation and forgery. There is a large body of
English-language propaganda pamphlets and booklets issued by the Soviet government. In addition to documentation of propagandistic
activity by Communist International and other Communist organizations, there is a large body of propaganda leaflets and flyers,
issued by the American, Soviet, British, German and Japanese governments during World War II, and lesser quantities from World
War I, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the Persian Gulf War, illustrating the employment of this aspect of modern warfare
by belligerents on all sides. A lesser theme concerns documentation of far-right organizations and particularly of antisemitic
activity. The collection includes a large collection of antisemitic publications, including many editions of the
Protocols of the Elders of Zion in various languages. Some other notable subsidiary themes include: a collection of song books of revolutionary and also
of Nazi organizations; a collection of Communist publications designed for children and issued by the Young Pioneers of America;
a considerable volume of material on Communist Party activity in the International Brigades and various relief organizations
during the
Spanish
Civil
War
; documentation of splinter groups from the Communist International and Communist Party, U.S.A.; proposals for regulation
or reform of United States national intelligence agencies in the post-Watergate era; and international terrorism in the 9/11
era.
Communist International records in Russian archives provide a major source of material in the collection. There is a large
volume of photocopies of documents from these records. A large proportion of these documents concerns the Communist International's
relations with the Communist Party, U.S.A., but many documents deal more generally with Communist International activities.
There is a considerable bloc relating to Willi Münzenberg and his international front organization work. English translations
of some documents are included.
Photocopies of documents from archives of the East German Ministerium für Staatssicherheit provide sources for the history
of the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands and of Soviet espionage in Germany, as do photocopies from German police records
of the Nazi era. There are also photocopies from British government security archives, and many photocopies of documents captured
by the United States government from guerrillas in Nicaragua and El Salvador and from the New Jewel Movement in Grenada.
The sources of some of the other material in the collection are readily apparent, but are obscure in other cases. Many items,
notably pamphlets and serial issues, were publicly available. These include reports of the United States Subversive Activities
Control Board and other federal agencies and of anti-communist commissions established by a number of individual state governments.
Some material was generated by, or passed through the hands of, the Congressional committees on whose staffs Romerstein served.
Original letters to individuals, notably Albert E. Kahn and Jessica Smith, whose papers may have been confiscated, are likely
in this category.
Copies of raw governmental working documents, especially Federal Bureau of Investigation and Central Intelligence Agency reports
and Department of State dispatches, were acquired, often in redacted form, in response to Freedom of Information Act requests.
A substantial body of material from the 1920s and 1930s was collected and/or generated by the American Vigilant Intelligence
Federation, a private anti-communist organization with headquarters in Chicago. Other material was acquired from the American
Security Council and other private anti-communist groups. The collection includes some papers of the anti-communist investigator
J. B. Matthews, acquired from his widow. Biographical data on Communist International agents gathered by David Hornstein is
also included.
Material emanating from governmental and private anti-communist sources in the United States have, in addition to their primary
informational value, a secondary value in documenting the scope of surveillance of Communist Party and other radical activities.
In addition to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies of the national government, the collection includes
investigative files from the New York State Police and other state and local police agencies. There are many raw informant
reports, including some from Morris Childs, who met with high-ranking foreign Communist leaders while acting as a Federal
Bureau of Investigation informant within the Communist Party, U.S.A., and from Jack Thompson, who infiltrated the Socialist
Workers Party at the behest of the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
Properly speaking the collection does not include Herbert Romerstein's own personal papers. There are, however, a few short
written pieces by him, mainly printed copies, and one notable curiosity item. This is Romerstein's appeal of his expulsion
from the Communist Party in 1949.
Arrangement Statement
The great bulk of the collection is in the
Subject File, which is arranged alphabetically by issuing organization or by topic. In general material relating to international or American
organizations or applicable to international or American topics is entered directly, while material relating to organizations
or topics in countries other than the United States is entered under name of country. Oversize serial issues and other oversize
items are located in
Oversize Material. There are also photographs in the
Audiovisual File, a
Microform File, and a small
Card File.
Because the collection was received and processed in discrete installments over a period of a few years, related materials
are often physically separated but are brought together intellectually through the register. While the register lists representative
and especially notable items, there has been no attempt at comprehensive itemization.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Secret service -- Soviet Union
Communism -- United States
Subversive activities -- United States
Propaganda
Espionage, Russian -- United States
Psychological warfare
World War, 1939-1945 -- Psychological aspects
Communist International
Romerstein, Herbert