Descriptive Summary
Administrative Information
Scope and Content
Indexing Terms
Related Material
Descriptive Summary
Title: Photograph album of the Italian campaign in Somalia and Ethiopia
Note
Title supplied by cataloger.
Date (inclusive): 1935-1936
Collection number: 94/3
Creator:
Istituto Luce (Italy). Reparto Fotocinematografico A.O.
Physical Description:
2 albums (106 photographic prints) : b&w, 25 x 35 cm (albums)
Presentation title on front cover: "A S[ua] A[ltezza] R[eale] il Principe Filiberto di Savoia Genova, Duca di Pistoia. Maggio
XIV E. F. Omaggio del Presidente dell'Istituto Nazionale Luce Marchese Paulucci di Calboli Barone."
At head of presentation title on front cover: "Istituto Nazionale Luce. Reparto Fotocinematografico A.O."
Date from cover: "Maggio XIV E[ra] F[ascista]," which refers to the 14th year of the Fascist regime, established in 1922.
Photographs (17.6 x 23.6 cm) are mounted on rectos of leaves of heavy black paper, one photo per page; photos are stamped
in lower left corner "LUCE A.O.", but otherwise lack captions; each photo numbered in pencil on verso.
Albums bound in blue leather, with ornamental gilt borders, and gold-stamped title on upper cover; covers tied with matching
blue leather thong; gold-stamped crest (the Savoy shield and cross) at top; covers lined in bright blue silk, with ornamental
gilt inner borders; gold-stamped spine titles "Vol. 1[-2] Somalia".
Spec. Coll. copy: each album in modern beige cloth clamshell box with velcro closure.
Abstract: Two photograph albums, dated May 1936, documenting the southern campaign of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, as Italian troops
under the command of General Rodolfo Graziani moved into Ethiopia from Italian Somaliland.
Language: Finding aid is written in
English.
Language of the Material:
Materials are in English.
Repository:
University of California, Los Angeles. Library Special Collections.
Los Angeles, California 90095-1575
Physical location: Stored off-site at SRLF. Advance notice is required for access to the collection. Please contact UCLA Library Special Collections
for paging information.
Administrative Information
Restrictions on Access
Open for research. STORED OFF-SITE AT SRLF. Advance notice is required for access to the collection. Please contact UCLA Library
Special Collections for paging information.
Restrictions on Use and Reproduction
Property rights to the physical object belong to the UC Regents. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the
creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the copyright and pursue the copyright
owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC Regents do not hold the copyright.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Photograph album of the Italian campaign in Somalia and Ethiopia (Collection 94/3). UCLA Library
Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA.
UCLA Catalog Record ID
Scope and Content
The photos were taken by photographers from the film section for Eastern Africa (Reparto Fotocinematografico A[frica] O[rientale]
of the Istituto Luce, a government agency created in 1924 to promote the use of film for informational and instructional use,
but which became a powerful tool of propaganda for Mussolini's fascist regime. The albums were most likely presented by the
president of Istituto Luce, Marchese Paulucci di Calboli Barone, to Prince Filiberto di Savoia (who participated in the Ethopian
campaign as commander of the Camicie Nere voluntary militia "23 Marzo") to celebrate the victory in May 1936 of the Italian
army over Haile Selassie's Ethiopian Empire, and the resulting annexation of Ethiopia into the newly-created colony of Italian
East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, or A.O.I.), which also included Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. Volume 1 begins with
photographs of the Italian East African flag (the Italian tricolor bearing the Savoy shield and cross in the middle), and
General Rodolfo Graziani in his field uniform, followed by an aerial shot of Mogadishu where Graziani arrived in March 1935.
Determined to convince Mussolini that the army on the "southern front" should play a more active role rather than the purely
defensive one envisioned by Graziani's commanding officer, General Emilio De Bono to the north, in Eritrea, Graziani spent
April-December 1935 opening up new roads, developing port facilities, solving water supply problems, stocking up provisions
and munitions, and stockpiling hundreds of motor vehicles. Many photos document these activities, showing troops as they unload
provisions, oil drums, tanks, trucks, small planes, boats, and steel bars and other construction supplies. Other photos show
Italian and native troops engaged in radio operations, stringing barbed wire, digging trenches, creating firing positions
behind trees and brush, and overseeing the building of landing strips and roads. The General is often shown consulting with
his men, as well as with native commanders of the Italian colonial troops, the Regio Corpo di Truppe Coloniali, which included
Eritreans and Libyans. Vol. 2 opens with photographs of a parade and ceremony, possibly in honor of a spring 1936 visit by
Maria Jose?, wife of Umberto II of Italy, to the Ospedale Civile "M. Rava" [?], in Mogadishu, attended by military personnel,
doctors and nurses of the Red Cross, and religious officials. Many photos document the construction activities undertaken
by the Italians as they moved northwards into Ethiopia, with shots of truck convoys and camel trains bringing in supplies,
bulldozers, boats, and airfields. Also included are shots of canals, wells, bridges, roads, railway lines, and the Dire Dawa
railroad station for the Chemin de Fer Franco-Ethiopien, the rail line that ran from Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, to the French
colonial port Djibouti on the Gulf of Aden in French Somaliland. Several photos feature the men of Legione 221 CC. NN. "Fasci
italiani all'estero", one of the seven "Camicie Nere" or Black Shirt voluntary militia divisions that fought in the Second
Italo-Ethiopian War, in review formation, engaged in field activities, riding in convoys, building roads, driving tanks; one
shot portrays a truckload of men of the "Plotone Chimico" of the 6. Division CC. NN. [Camicie Nere], engaged in a drill, wearing
gas masks, probably in preparation for the extensive use by Italian forces of poison gas in Ethiopia, beginning in January
1936. Other photos portray native Somalis, as civilians herding cattle and goats, ferrying people in boats across a river,
standing in large groups with shovels raised; and as soldiers, in uniform, raising the flag, manning machine gun posts, and
advancing on foot with rifles slung across their shoulders (while a photographer crouched on the ground films them). There
are also several photos of parades and rallies in Mogadishu--the Cinema Italia in the background--showing support of various
Italian labor groups for Mussolini, "La nostra vita e tua Duce."
Indexing Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.
Subjects
Graziani, Rodolfo, 1882-1955 --Photographs.
Maria José, Queen, consort of Humbert II, King of Italy, 1906-2001 --Photographs.
Italy. Regio esercito. Legione CC. NN. in A.O., 221 --Photographs.
Chemin de fer franco-éthiopien --Photographs.
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936 --Campaigns --Photographs.
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936 --Artillery operations --Photographs.
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936 --Equipment and supplies --Photographs.
Italo-Ethiopian War, 1935-1936 --Propaganda.
Somalis --Italian Somaliland --Photographs.
Italians --Italian Somaliland --Photographs.
Railroad stations --Ethiopia --Dirē Dawa --Photographs.
Railroads --Ethiopia --Photographs.
Hospitals --Italian Somaliland --Photographs.
Fascist propaganda.
Propaganda, Italian.
Italy --Militia --Photographs.
Italy --Armed Forces --Photographs.
Italy --Armed Forces --Equipment --Photographs.
Italy --Colonies --Africa --Photographs.
Italian East Africa --Photographs.
Italian Somaliland --Photographs.
Mogadishu (Somalia) --Buildings, structures, etc. --Photographs.
Mogadishu (Somalia) --Photographs.
Somalia --Photographs.
Ethiopia --Photographs.
Genres and Forms of Material
Photographic prints.
Photograph albums.
Other Index Terms Related to this Collection
A S. A. R. il Principe Filiberto di Savoia Genova, Duca di Pistoia
Di Savoia Genova, Filiberto, duca di Pistoia, 1895-1990.
Paulucci di Calboli, Giacomo, 1887-1961.
Related Material
For related photos documenting the Ethiopian campaign on the northern front from Eritrea, consult Collection 94/4.