Carl Moon
Photographs
of Indians of the Southwest and Oklahoma
Finding aid prepared by Suzanne Oatey.
The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens
Photo Archives
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, California 91108
Phone: (626) 405-2191
Email: reference@huntington.org
URL: http://www.huntington.org
© 2014
The Huntington Library. All rights reserved.
Overview of the Collection
Title: Carl Moon
Photographs
of Indians of the Southwest and Oklahoma, 1904-1917
Dates: 1904-1917
Collection Number: photCL 313
Creator:
Moon, Carl, 1878-1948.
Extent:
293
photographs
in 17 oversize portfolio boxes: prints (approx. 13 x 16 inches) on oversize mounts (approx. 22 x 26 inches). Also includes
a typescript index by Carl Moon and 1 box of ephemera and newspaper clippings.
Repository:
The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens.
Photo Archives
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, California 91108
Phone: (626) 405-2191
Email: reference@huntington.org
URL: http://www.huntington.org
Abstract: This collection of
photographs
by photographer Carl Moon documents Native Americans living in Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma between 1904 and 1917.
The primary tribes represented are Hopi, Navajo and Taos Pueblo Indians, but there are also Osage, Apache and several
other Southwestern tribes. There are many portraits,
as well as posed, romantic scenes depicting storytelling, hunting, weaving, or playing instruments. Additional candid
views show people in their daily activities, pueblos,
and dance ceremonies.
Language of Material: The records are in English.
Access
Open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department. For more information, contact Reader
Services.
Administrative Information
Publication Rights
The Huntington Library does not require that researchers request permission to quote from or publish images of this material,
nor does it charge fees for such activities. The responsibility for identifying the copyright holder, if there is one, and
obtaining necessary permissions rests with the researcher.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Carl Moon
Photographs
of Indians of the Southwest and Oklahoma. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
Provenance
Purchased by Henry E. Huntington from Carl Moon, 1923.
Biographical Note
Carl E. Moon (originally spelled Karl) was born in Wilmington, Ohio in 1878. After graduation from high school, he served
two years with the Ohio National Guard before apprenticing with various photographers in Ohio, West Virginia and Texas. He
moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1903, where he set up a photography studio and began making "art studies" of the Native
Americans of the Southwest, both in
photographs
and in oil paintings, sometimes living for weeks at a time in Navajo villages. From 1905-1906, Moon had a short-lived partnership
in Albuquerque with businessman Thomas F. Keleher, called the Moon-Keleher Studio. After the partnership dissolved, Moon continued
working, photographing carefully selected Indian "subjects" in a romantic, posed style. His
photographs
began appearing in magazines and he exhibited at the Museum of Natural History in New York. President Theodore Roosevelt
invited Moon to exhibit his Native American
photographs
at the White House.
In 1907, Moon signed a contract with the Fred Harvey Company to produce
photographs
for what would be the Fred Harvey Collection of Southwest Indian Pictures. Beginning in 1911, he operated out of El Tovar
Studio in the Grand Canyon. While employed by the Fred Harvey Co., he also worked as a photographer for the Santa Fe Railroad.
For seven years, from 1907 to 1914, Moon photographed the native people of the Southwest, in his studio and in their villages.
His images appeared (often uncredited) in brochures and publications for both companies.
Moon resigned from Fred Harvey Co. in 1914, and he and his second wife, Grace Purdie Moon, moved to Pasadena, California,
where he continued to work as a photographer and painter. In 1923, Henry E. Huntington purchased from Moon 293 large, mounted
photographic prints and 12 oil paintings (12 more paintings were purchased in 1925). This remains the largest and most complete
collection of Carl Moon's work extant.
In 1924, Moon began work on "Indians of the Southwest," a set of 100 of his finest prints. Published in 1936, only ten copies
were ever produced. With his wife Grace, he also wrote and illustrated many children's books about the Indians of the Southwest.
Moon died in 1948, in San Francisco, at the home of his daughter.
Scope and Content
This collection of
photographs
by photographer Carl Moon documents Native Americans living in Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma between 1904 and 1917.
In a letter to Henry Huntington, Feb. 12, 1923, Moon describes these
photographs
as "a complete collection of my Indian pictures made from the beginning of my work in 1904 to 1917.
It includes … the pick of the Fred Harvey collection that I made for them during the period of my contract with them,
1907 to 1914, and my own collection made since the latter date."
Moon mostly traveled by himself, and spent time getting to know his subjects before photographing them. He seems to have
made a series of shots of his subjects, sometimes with different
attire or props, and sometimes assigning different titles to the
photographs
(see images 214, 225, 235, for example).
Besides the portraits, there are scenes of Indians in their daily activities, including baking bread in outdoor ovens, gathering
water in pots, riding horses and tending livestock.
There are also views of the Hopi Snake Dance, and the Corn Dance at Santo Domingo.
Almost all of the
photographs
are signed "Karl Moon" – his name until 1918, when he changed the spelling to Carl. Many of the prints are also stamped
"copyright Fred Harvey" which
indicates they were made while Moon was under contract there, 1907-1914. Moon also copyrighted many of his own works,
and a dated copyright stamp is embossed in the prints.
The copyright date does not always indicate the year the
photograph
was made – it could be several years later (see image 214, for example).
Other items in collection
Box 18:
- Typescript introduction and index to the
photographs
, titled "A Brief Account of the Making of this Collection of Indian Pictures," by Carl Moon, 1924, 54 pp.
- Newspaper clippings related to Moon, 1904-1936 (bulk 1911-1923).
- Exhibition brochure for artist Thomas Moran, mentioning "Karl Moon," 1916.
Bibliography
Sources consulted:
Driebe, Tom.
In Search of the Wild Indian:
Photographs
and Life Works by Carl and Grace Moon.
Moscow, Pa.: Maurose Publishing Co., 1997.
Faris, James C.
Navajo and photography: a critical history of the representation of an American people.Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996.
Moon, Carl. "A Brief Account of the Making of this Collection of Indian Pictures," 1924. (Part of this collection), Huntington
Library.
Alternative Form of Materials Available
Related Collections:
- Copy
Photographs
from Carl Moon Negatives of Indians of the Southwest and Oklahoma, approximately 1903-1917 (photCL 195). This is a set of
contact prints only; there are no negatives.
- Carl Moon Family
photograph
collection (photCL 484).
- Carl Moon's paintings. The Huntington Library has oil paintings by Carl Moon based on his
photographs
. Moon intended his paintings "to give the student of the future the true coloring of the Indian and his surroundings."
Please contact Art Collections for additional information.
Indexing Terms
Persons
Moon, Carl, 1878-1948.
Nampeyo, approximately 1856-1942.
Subjects
Acoma Indians --
Photographs
.
Apache Indians --
Photographs
.
Arapaho Indians --
Photographs
.
Cheyenne Indians --
Photographs
.
Cliff-dwellings--Arizona --
Photographs
.
Havasupai Indians --
Photographs
.
Hopi Indians --
Photographs
.
Hopi Indians--Rites and ceremonies --
Photographs
.
Indian baskets--Southwest, New --
Photographs
.
Indians of North America--Southwest, New --
Photographs
.
Indians of North America--Great Plains --
Photographs
.
Isleta Indians --
Photographs
.
Kivas --
Photographs
.
Laguna Indians --
Photographs
.
Looms --
Photographs
.
Mission churches--New Mexico --
Photographs
.
Navajo Indians --
Photographs
.
Osage Indians --
Photographs
.
Pueblo dance --
Photographs
.
Pueblo pottery --
Photographs
.
Pueblo Indians --
Photographs
.
Pueblos--Arizona --
Photographs
.
Pueblos—New Mexico --
Photographs
.
Ruins --
Photographs
.
Taos Indians --
Photographs
.
Weaving --
Photographs
.
Zuni Indians --
Photographs
.
Places
Arizona --
Photographs
New Mexico --
Photographs
Oklahoma --
Photographs
Acoma Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Chelly, Canyon de (Ariz.) --
Photographs
Cochiti (N.M.) --
Photographs
First Mesa (Ariz. : Mesa) --
Photographs
Isleta Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Laguna Pueblo, New Mexico --
Photographs
Nambe Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Oraibi (Ariz.) --
Photographs
Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico --
Photographs
Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico --
Photographs
San Felipe Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
San Juan Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Santo Domingo Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Second Mesa (Ariz. : Mesa) --
Photographs
Taos Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Tesuque Pueblo (N.M.) --
Photographs
Walpi (Ariz.) --
Photographs
Zuni (N.M.) --
Photographs
Document types
Photographs
.
Portraits.
Landscape
photographs
.
Ephemera.
Additional item: Carl Moon's Introduction and Index
Photographs
Physical Description:
293
photographs
in 17 boxes
Note
Titles transcribed from Moon's handwritten titles on
photograph
mounts. Go to digital image for further information about each
photograph
.
Box 1
Photographs
1-20
(1)
Edge of the Mesa. Hopi. Second Mesa.
(3)
Tewa Trail. Hopi. First Mesa.
(4)
Hopi Wall stairs. First Mesa.
(5)
Snake Priest. Hopi. First Mesa.
(6)
Hopi Snake Priests. Ascending the Mesa.
(8)
Ancient Building in Walpi. Hopi.
(9)
Trail to Hopi Burying Place. First Mesa.
(10)
Hopi Maiden. Village of Oraibi.
(12)
Hopi Mother. Village of Sipaulovi.
(14)
Oraibi Mother and Child. Hopi.
(15)
Sichomovi Street Scene. Hopi.
(16)
Walpi Street Scene. Note weaver's loom on roof.
(19)
Edge of the Mesa. Painted Desert at left. Hopi.
Box 2
Photographs
21-40
(21)
The Path-finder. Arizona. Bad Lands.
(22)
Hopi Stairway. Village of Walpi.
(24)
Street Scene. Tewa. Hopi Village of Tewa.
(25)
Erosion Rock. Walpi. Showing Snake Kiva.
(26)
End of Snake Ceremony. Snake Priest drinking emetic after dance.
(27)
Snake Priest of Walpi. Hopi.
(28)
Walpi Home and Kiva. Hopi.
(30)
Plaza of Sipaulovi. Hopi.
(31)
Walpi Architecture. Hopi Girl on Ladder.
(32)
Hopi Mother and Child. Walpi.
(33)
Sipaulovi from housetops of Mishongnovi. Sipaulovi in the distance. Hopi.
(34)
Hopi Mirror. Pool near Walpi.
(35)
Hopi Maiden. Note mosaic ear ornament. Oraibi.
(36)
Snake Kiva of Walpi. Hopi.
(38)
Nem-peyo [Nampeyo]. Famous Hopi Pottery Maker.
(39)
Chief men of the Snake Clan. First Mesa.
(40)
Walpi Snake Priests. Hopi.
Box 3
Photographs
41-60
(41)
Snake Dance at Sipaulovi. Hopi.
(42)
Snake Priest. Second Mesa.
(43)
Hopi Snake Priests. Prior to the Dance.
(44)
Snake Dance. Sipaulovi. Second Mesa. Hopi.
(48)
Snake Dance. Sipaulovi. Second Mesa. Hopi.
(49)
Hopi Weaver. Men do all the weaving among the Hopis.
(52)
The Mesa Trail. Hopi. First Mesa.
(53)
Edge of the Desert. Hopi Land.
(54)
Coy-yah'-wamah. Hopi Snake Priest.
(55)
Coy-yah'-wamah. Hopi Snake Priest.
(59)
Mountain Chant. Navajo boy singing ceremonial song.
Box 4
Photographs
61-80
(61)
Hostin Nnāez or Nez. Navajo.
(62)
Going to the Dance. Navajo.
(63)
Chief Vicente. For many years Chief of Navajos.
(65)
Hos-tin Cli. Medicine Man. Navajo.
(71)
Old Navajo Medicine-man. Sho-mai-ee.
(72)
Tom of Ganado. Navajo Man.
Box 5
Photographs
81-100
(83)
Be'so-thlanie. Navaho Medicine-Man.
(88)
The Wolf. Ma'-itso. Navajo.
(92)
Navaho Weaver. Canyon de Chelly.
(93)
Evening. Navajo Land. At the edge of the Painted Desert.
(99)
Trysting Place. Note buckskin wedding dress.
Box 6
Photographs
101-120
(107)
Taos Man. In Dance Costume.
(108)
Home from the Hunt. Taos.
(111)
Canyon Lucero. Near Taos.
(114)
American Arab. Clou-toodle of Taos.
(116)
Voice of the Stream. Taos.
(117)
The Scout. Taos Mountains.
Box 7
Photographs
121-140
(121)
Light and Shadow. Taos Valley.
(132)
Sage Country. Taos Valley.
(135)
Primitive Art. Picture writing. Taos.
(137)
Awaiting the Signal. Taos Pueblo.
(138)
Maria of Taos. Note straight white boots.
Box 8
Photographs
141-160
(146)
Ruin of first Mission at Taos.
(155)
The Corn Song. During corn festival at Taos.
(159)
Indian Farmer. Taos Valley.
(160)
The Meeting Place. Border of New Mexico near Colorado line.
Box 9
Photographs
161-175
(162)
Pueblo of Taos. Taos was formerly a walled town.
(165)
A Tale of the Tribe. Taos Story Teller.
(168)
On the way to the Spring.
(175)
The Tribal Historian. Osage.
Box 10
Photographs
176-190
(178)
Son of Chief Lookout. Osage.
(181)
Chief White-spoon. Arapaho.
(184)
Chief Big horse. Cheyenne.
(188)
Tah'-coomo-la. Havasupai.
Box 11
Photographs
191-205
(193)
Land of no Fences. Taos Mountains.
(195)
Zuni Water-carrier. Note footless stockings.
(196)
Up the Acoma Trail. Acoma.
(199)
Santo Domingo Corn Dance.
(200)
Santo Domingo Corn Dance.
(201)
Delight makers or Clowns. Santo Domingo Corn Dance.
(203)
Village Drummer. Tesuque.
(204)
Isleta Woman. Juana Marie.
Box 12
Photographs
206-220
(206)
Pueblo of Laguna. Showing freshly plastered walls.
(207)
Corn Dance. Santo Domingo.
(208)
Pueblo of Santa Clara. Rio Grande in distance.
(209)
Santo Domingo Corn Dance. Showing Chanter, Drummer and Clown.
(210)
Estufa of Santo Domingo. Entrance at top where ladder is seen.
(211)
Beginning Corn Dance. Santo Domingo Plaza.
(212)
Santo Domingo Corn Dance.
(213)
Bah-chin-ili. San Felipe.
(214)
The Water-carrier. Early art subject.
(215)
Repairing the House walls. Note crude Indian scaffolding. San Juan.
Box 13
Photographs
221-235
(224)
Indian Bridge. Santa Clara.
(225)
The Chieftain's Daughter. Laguna.
(226)
Jose Naranjo. Santa Clara.
(230)
Indian Courtship. Santa Clara.
(234)
Terraced Houses. Acoma. Enchanted Mesa in distance.
Box 14
Photographs
236-250
(236)
Two Hills. Governor of Santa Clara.
(237)
Laguna. Old end of the pueblo.
(238)
Chu-pa-ca. Santo Domingo.
(239)
Chu'-pa-ca. Santo Domingo.
(240)
San Ildefonso. Ancient section of village.
(241)
Last of their Tribe. Two last full bloods of Nambe.
(242)
House tops of Santa Clara.
(244)
Burning Pottery. Santa Clara.
(247)
San Felipe Turquoise driller. From pueblo of San Felipe.
(248)
Enchanted Mesa. Near Pueblo of Acoma.
(250)
After the Storm, near Zuni. Mesa at left contains Zuni shrines and sacred altars.
Box 15
Photographs
251-266
(251)
Santa Clara Valley. Santa Clara woman with water jar.
(254)
A Water Hole. Hopi women of First Mesa.
(255)
White-house Ruin. Canyon de Chelly.
(257)
Havasupai Canyon. Near Havasupai village.
(262)
Cliff Ruins. Canyon de Chelly.
(263)
Cliff Ruin. Canyon de Chelly.
(264)
Finishing the Basket. Taos.
(265)
Nara-kee'-ge-etsu. Jicarilla Apache.
(266)
Nara-kee'-ge-etsu. Jicarilla Apache. Scout under Kit Carson.
Box 16
Photographs
267-280
(267)
Apache Mother and Children.
(268)
Nearing the End of the Trail. White Mountain Apache.
(269)
Apache Man. White Mountain Apache.
(270)
The Half-breed. Apache and Mexican.
(271)
Apache Youth. White Mountain Apache.
(272)
Tile'-goot. Old Apache Scout.
(273)
Ulla-tiz'-neh. White Mountain Apache.
(274)
Apache Woman. White Mountain Apache.
(276)
Apache Maidens. White Mountain Reservation.
(277)
Apache Women. San Carlos.
(278)
Al-che-say'. Chief of the White Mountain Apaches.
(279)
Children of the Desert. Near Oraibi. Hopi.
Box 17
Photographs
281-293
(281)
The Harvesters. Bringing in the corn, melons, and beans. Walpi.
(282)
South Pueblo of Taos. Showing part of ancient wall.
(283)
Ti-koya. Hopi of First Mesa.
(284)
Hopi Family Homeward bound. Bringing in the harvest.
(285)
Navajo Chicken pull. Naho'qai qaltqe.
(286)
Naho'-qai alĕ' or Navajo Chicken pull.
(287)
Chindi-tqa. (Place of the Dead.) Navajo.
(290)
Cochiti Basket Dance. Beginning.
(291)
Cochiti Basket Dance. Middle of dance.
(292)
Cochiti Basket Dance. End of dance.
(293)
White-buffalo Dance. Cochiti Indians.
Box 18
Other Materials in Collection
Physical Description:
1 box
Typescript introduction and index to the
photographs
titled "A Brief Account of the Making of this Collection of Indian Pictures," by Carl Moon, 1924; newspaper clippings related
to Moon, 1904-1936 (bulk 1911-1923); 1916 exhibition brochure for artist Thomas Moran, mentioning "Karl Moon."