Access
Use
Acquisition Information
Preferred Citation
Biographical Note
Scope and Content of Collection
Title: Ludwik Kowalski papers
Date (inclusive): 1946-2011
Collection Number: 2011C18
Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Language of Material: In Polish and English
Physical Description:
8 manuscript boxes
(3.0 Linear Feet)
Abstract: Diaries, other writings, computer disk interview recording, and correspondence, relating mainly to communism.
Creator:
Kowalski, Ludwik, 1931-
Physical Location: Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Access
The collection is open for research; materials must be requested in advance via our reservation system. If there are audiovisual
or digital media material in the collection, they must be reformatted before providing access.
Use
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Acquisition Information
Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 2011.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Ludwik Kowalski papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Biographical Note
Polish physicist and communist; subsequently anti-communist émigré in the United States.
Ludwik Kowalski, a retired physics professor at Montclair State University in New Jersey, has an extraordinary biography.
He was born in 1931 in Warsaw to a Jewish family. Shortly after his birth, his naively idealistic parents, deceived by Soviet
propaganda, moved to the Soviet Union. In 1938, Ludwik's father, an engineer, along with tens of thousands of Polish Communists
and ethnic Poles, was arrested on false charges and sent to the GULAG. He died of exhaustion in the Kolyma gold mines at the
age of thirty-six. His father's tragic fate did not shake Kowalski's blind faith in the Soviet system, and he became a dedicated
young Communist. Ludwik spent most of his childhood in Moscow, receiving a thoroughly Stalinist education; he and his mother
returned to Poland a few months after the end of the war. He completed his secondary and university education in Warsaw, followed
by graduate studies in France, from 1957 to 1962; he received a doctorate from the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Orsay.
After a brief visit to Poland, the young scientist was invited to a scientific conference in the United States. That 1964
visit led to a research position at Columbia University and his immigration to the United States.
Scope and Content of Collection
The collection includes the original notebook diaries (in Polish), hundreds of letters, and personal documents and photographs,
relating mainly to communism.
Kowalski began keeping a diary in secondary school in Poland. In it he recorded his reactions to developments in his private
life, with observations on major developments on the national and international scene. Kowalski continued to write his diary
through much of his life, though his notes from the 1950s are most extensive and interesting as a source on Polish society,
education and culture during the early years of the communist regime.
The diary also provides a record of the author's gradual intellectual de-Sovietization and the search for his own identity.
Kowalski's reactions to the death of Stalin, the revelations of the Twentieth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, the
Hungarian revolution, and the Polish October 1956 are important landmarks in the young scholar's personal liberation, a process
that was very private and took decades to complete. As a university professor and a scientist, he concentrated on his teaching
and research and did not reveal his complete political metamorphosis until he retired from academia in 2004. Since that time,
he has written two books:
Hell on Earth: Brutality and Violence under the Stalinist Regime (2008) and
Tyranny to Freedom: Diary of a Former Stalinist (2009). Both books were published by Wasteland Press in Shelbyville, Kentucky.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Communism
Polish people -- United States
Communism -- Poland