Appendices

Tape Guide

Interview with Richard L. Andrews, M.D.

Interview 1: April 12, 1996

Interview 1: April 12, 1996
• Tape 1, Side A *
• Tape 1, Side B *
• Tape 2, Side A *
• Tape 2, Side B *

Interview 2: April 19, 1996

Interview 2: April 19, 1996
• Tape 3, Side A *
• Tape 3, Side B *
• Tape 4, Side A *
• Tape 4, Side B

Interview with James M. Campbell, M.D.

Interview 1: May 16, 1996

Interview 1: May 16, 1996
• Tape 1, Side A *
• Tape 1, Side B *
• Tape 2, Side A *
• Tape 2, Side B *

Interview 2: June 26, 1996

Interview 2: June 26, 1996
• Tape 3, Side A *
• Tape 3, Side B *
• Tape 4, Side A *
• Tape 4, Side B *

Interview with James R. Groundwater, M.D.

Interview 1: July 24, 1996

Interview 1: July 24, 1996
• Tape 1, Side A *
• Tape 1, Side B *

Index

• AAPHR (now GLMA), 7, 55, 57, 110;
  • video project, 55, 56, 103
• Abrams, Donald, 23, 34, 101, 133, 136
• Ackerman, Bernard, 150, 156
• ACT UP, 46
• AIDS
  • antibody testing, 17, 45, 48, 59, 89, 108, 109, 118, 119, 138, 139
  • ARC, 58, 122, 123
  • controversy over testing for, 16, 21, 86, 111, 127
  • early attempt to diagnose, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 149, 150, 154
  • early attempts to reduce spread of, 91, 92
  • early sources of information, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90
  • etiology, 85, 90, 91
  • first cases, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 149, 150, 154, 162, 163, 164
  • first recognition, 159, 160, 162
  • first safe-sex guidelines, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 51, 52, 53, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105
  • as GRID, 13, 81, 82, 84, 126
  • high-risk activities for transmission, 99, 100, 101, 108
  • later safe-sex guidelines, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110
  • response of San Francisco hospitals, 131, 132
  • risk groups, 84, 99
  • T-cell testing, 89, 127
  • term "AIDS" coined, 84
  • "worried well," 88, 111
• AIDS drugs, alternative therapies, 129, 130;
  • antiretroviral therapy, 128, 129;
  • AZT, 127, 128, 139
• AIDS Health Project, 130
• AIDS: The Epidemic of KS and Opportunistic Infections, 24
• Alice B. Toklas Gay Democratic Club, 40
• American Psychiatric Association, 10, 11, 47, 48, 63
• Ammann, Arthur, 84
• And The Band Played On, 96
• Andrews, Richard L. passim, 85
• BAPHR, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 23, 57
  • 1985 AIDS evaluation booklet, 108, 109, 110
  • AIDS focus, 13, 14, 15, 22, 27, 33, 48, 49, 50, 89
  • AIDS vs. civil rights, 16, 17, 134, 135
  • AIDS Survey, 120
  • annual conference, June 1981, 115, 116
  • antibody testing and, 59, 60, 89, 108, 109, 138, 139
  • bathhouse closure and, 29, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46, 47, 60, 61, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138
  • blood donation and, 101, 102
  • California State Government and, 121
  • early response to STDs in gay community, 78, 83, 87
  • health fairs, 5, 6
  • KS Brochure, 12, 13, 158, 165
  • Larry Littlejohn Initiative and, 40, 43
  • Mervyn Silverman and, 34, 35, 37, 41, 44, 45, 49, 132
  • psychiatrists and, 10, 11
  • red ribbon symbol for AIDS, 63, 64, 65
  • safe-sex guidelines, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 51, 53, 79, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 108
  • scientific affairs committee, 113, 114, 115, 117, 121, 122, 138
  • social concerns committee, 58, 59, 120, 121
  • vs. Gay Men's Health Crisis guidelines, 106, 107
  • vs. UCSF safe-sex guidelines, 52
• BAPHRON, Andrews article about bathhouse issue, 37;
  • Warner article about bathhouse issue, 45
• bathhouse crisis, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 60, 94, 95;
  • BAPHR's feeling about closure, 29, 30, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 132, 133, 134, 135;
  • owners, 34, 35, 37, 135, 136
• Bay Area Reporter, 20, 29;
  • and Larry Littlejohn initiative, 40, 41;
  • Lorch's traitor list, 136
• Bayless, Wayne, 76, 82
• Bellevue Hospital, New York, 74
• Blumenfeld, Walter, 113
• Bolan, Bob, 4, 19, 25, 50, 57, 96, 114, 136, 137, 138
• Briggs Initiative, 3
• Britt, Harry, 40
• Brown, Jerry, 4
• Burgess, Bruce, 147
• Burton, Philip, 40, 41
• Campbell, Jim, 47, 48, 50, 73-140 passim, 164, 165
• CDC, 20;
  • and bathhouse closure, 30, 31, 33, 44;
  • early approach to AIDS and safe sex, 92, 93, 94, 100, 101, 110, 162;
  • early approach to gay STD problems, 79, 83, 85
• Charney, Seth, 121
• Clark, Kathleen, 151
• Coates, Tom, 31
• Committee to Preserve Our Sexual and Civil Liberties, 36
• Conant, Marcus, 12, 13, 23, 49, 52, 84, 101, 116, 133, 136, 147, 148, 151, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 165
• Corey, Hope, 6
• Curran, Jim, 30, 49, 57, 92, 93
• Darrow, William, 79
• Detels, Roger, 101
• Drew, Larry, 81, 83, 86, 97, 100
• Duesberg, Peter, 160
• Dugas, Gaetan, 96
• Early Frost, 139
• Fasal, Paul, 147
• Feinstein, Dianne, 30, 43
• Follansbee, Stephen, 113
• Friedman-Kien, Alvin, 5, 24, 116, 152, 156, 158, 159, 165
• gay life, San Francisco, 2
  • bathhouse closure and, 46
  • blood donation and, 57, 96, 101, 102
  • dealing with death, 21, 22, 55, 139, 140
  • history of, 8, 15
  • hysteria about AIDS, 16, 24, 25, 29, 30, 87, 88
  • promiscuity, 14, 15, 27, 28, 31, 32, 91, 94
  • STDs and, 5, 6, 10, 13, 77, 78, 83
• Gay Freedom Parade, 3, 27, 53, 65, 98, 102, 107, 108
• Gay Men's Health Crisis, New York, 26, 56;
  • safe-sex guidelines, 103, 107
• Golden Gate Business Association, 7
• Gottlieb, Michael, 5, 153, 162
• Greenspan, John and Deborah, 161
• Groundwater, James R., 146-166 passim
• Gullett, John, 154, 161, 162
• Hamilton, Richard, 149
• Handkerchief Code, 54
• Harvey Milk Gay and Lesbian Democratic Club, 40
• hepatitis B, as model for AIDS transmission, 25, 77, 91, 101, 102, 125, 126
• Hokl, Axel, 147
• Horstman, William, 31
• immune deficiency, first cases, 4, 5, 20, 80, 81, 82, 83, 86, 149, 150, 154, 162;
  • fear that it was spread sexually, 5, 6
• Irwin Memorial Blood Bank, 101
• Jaffe, Harold, 49, 57
• Johansen, Craig, 158
• Kemp, Bill, 47
• Kessler, Dave, 4, 40, 43, 47
• Koop, C. Everett, 53
• Krajeski, Jim, 47
• Kraus, Bill, 40, 42, 43
• KS Research and Education Foundation [later San Francisco AIDS Foundation], 12, 25, 50, 53, 63, 107, 108, 114, 115, 122, 137, 165
• Larry Littlejohn Initiative, 40, 43
• Laubenstein, Linda, 24
• Levy, Jay, 161
• Lipil, Bill, 47, 48
• Lorch, Paul, 29, 30, 136
• Lyon-Martin Women's Clinic, 66, 67
• Maibach, Howard, 148, 165
• Mann, Jonathan, 65
• Marmor, Michael, 100
• Mass, Lawrence, 87
• McAuley Neuropsychiatric Institute, 1
• McKusick, Leon, 31
• McShane, Denny, 36, 47, 59, 138
• Migden, Carole, 40, 41, 42
• Milk, Harvey, 3, 4, 8
• MMWR, 153
• Moscone, George, 4
• Multi-Center AIDS Cohort Study, 118
• National Gay Task Force, 56
• National Lesbian/Bay Health Conference, Denver, 1983, 51, 103, 104
• New York Native, as early source of AIDS information, 87, 139
• opportunistic infections
  • CMV, 81, 82, 85, 86, 100, 151, 152, 153, 155
  • cryptococcus, 83, 111, 154
  • KS, 5, 80, 81, 82, 91, 99, 100, 111, 112, 115, 116, 153, 155, 156, 163, 164;
  • first KS diagnosis, 149, 150, 151, 152, 156, 157, 162
  • lymphadenopathy, 111, 112
  • mycobacterium avium, 123
  • neurological symptoms, 112, 113
  • PCP, 5, 21, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 99, 111, 112, 113, 115, 123, 124, 127, 153, 155, 162
  • pulmonary symptoms, 113
• Owen, Bill, 5, 62
• Perkins, Herbert, 49, 57
• Pinkees, Herman, 150
• poppers, as cause of AIDS, 19, 90, 160
• Pride Foundation, 29, 30, 62
• Rees, Rees B., 148
• Richards, Jeff, 79
• Ross, Bob, 29, 30
• Rosselli, Sal, 40
• safe sex
  • AIDS Evaluation Booklet, 1985, 108, 109, 110
  • first safe sex guidelines, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 51, 52, 53, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105
  • KS Brochure, 12, 13, 158, 165
  • later safe sex guidelines, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110
  • monogamy, as a preferred form of safe sex, 104, 105
  • sexual fulfillment, in the face of AIDS, 105, 106
• Sagebiel, Dick, 150, 155, 156
• San Francisco Band Foundation, 7
• San Francisco General Hospital, 73, 74, 75
• San Francisco Medical Society, 9
• Sande, Merle, 23
• Scott, Bob, 41
• Shanti, 29, 49, 50, 63
• Shilts, Randy, 152, 154, 156, 157, 159
• Silverman, Mervyn, 30, 31, 33, 64;
  • and BAPHR, 34, 35, 36, 37, 49;
  • and bathhouse crisis, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 60, 132, 133;
  • Medical Advisory Group, 23, 29
• Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence, AIDS Brochure, 25, 53
• Sixth International AIDS Conference, 63, 64, 65, 66
• Social Security Administration Disability Program, 2
• Sullivan, Louis, 64
• Thal, Sam, 59
• Trinity University, 1
• University of California, San Francisco [UCSF], Kaposi's Sarcoma Clinic and Study Group, 116, 161;
  • dermatology department, 147
• University of Oklahoma, School of Medicine, 1
• Valencia Rose, 41
• Voeller, Bruce, 56, 57
• Volberding, Paul, 23, 38, 49, 64, 65, 101
• Warner, W. L. 34, 35, 45, 47, 54, 108, 120, 121, 132
• William, Donald C., 24
• World Health Organization, 65
• Ziegler, John, 64, 65

CV: Sally Smith Hughes

Graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1963 with an A.B. degree in zoology, and from the University of California, San Francisco, in 1966 with an M.A. degree in anatomy. After completing a dissertation on the history of the concept of the virus, she received a Ph.D. degree in the history of medicine from the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London, in 1972.

Postgraduate Research Histologist, the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, 1966-1969; medical historian conducting the NEH-supported History of Medical Physics Project for the History of Science and Technology Program, The Bancroft Library, 1978-1980.

Presently Assistant Research Historian in the Department of History of Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, and an interviewer on medical and scientific topics for the Regional Oral History Office. The author of The Virus: A History of the Concept, she is currently interviewing in the fields of health maintenance organizations, virology, public health, ophthalmology, and molecular biology/biotechnology.