1879 California State Constitution: Article IX (including amendments)

Article IX Education

Section 1

A general diffusion of knowledge and intelligence being essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people, the legislature shall encourage by all suitable means the promotion of intellectual, scientific, moral, and agricultural improvement.

Section 2

A superintendent of public instruction shall, at each gubernatorial election after the adoption of this constitution, be elected by the qualified electors of the state. He shall receive salary equal to that of the secretary of state, and shall enter upon the duties of his office on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding his election.

Section 3

A superintendent of schools for each county shall be elected

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by the qualified electors thereof at each gubernatorial election; provided, that the legislature may authorize two or more counties to unite and elect one superintendent for the counties so uniting.

Section 4

The proceeds of all lands that have been or may be granted by the United States to this state for the support of common schools which may be, or may have been, sold or disposed of, and the five hundred thousand acres of land granted to the new states under an act of congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several states of the Union, approved A. D. one thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and all estates of deceased persons who may have died without leaving a will or heir, and also such per cent as may be granted, or may have been granted, by congress on the sale of lands in this state, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, together with all the rents of the unsold lands, and such other means as the legislature may provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools throughout the state.

Section 5

The legislature shall provide for a system of common schools by which a free school shall be kept up and supported in each district at least six months in every year after the first year in which a school has been established.

Section 6

The public school system shall include primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools and technical schools as may be established by the legislature, or by municipal or district authority; but the entire revenue derived from the state school fund, and the state school tax, shall be applied exclusively to the support of primary and grammar schools.

Section 7

The local boards of education, and the boards of supervisors, and the county superintendents of the several counties which may not have county boards of education, shall adopt a series of text books for the use of the common

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schools within their respective jurisdictions; the text books so adopted shall continue in use for not less than four years; they shall also have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers certificates within their several jurisdictions.

Section 8

No public money shall ever be appropriated for the support of any sectarian or denominational school or any school not under the exclusive control of the officers of the public schools; nor shall any sectarian or denominational doctrine be taught, or instruction thereon be permitted, directly or indirectly, in any of the common schools of this state.

Section 9

The University of California shall constitute a public trust, and its organization and government shall be perpetually continued in the form and character prescribed by the organic act creating the same, passed March twenty-third, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight (and the several acts amendatory thereof), subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of its endowments, and the proper investment and security of its funds. It shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence, and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs; provided, that all the moneys derived from the sale of the public lands donated to this state by act of congress, approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of congress, and the interest of said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and the mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of congress; and the legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency any

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portion of the funds so set apart shall he diminished or lost the state shall replace such portion so lost or misappropiated so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. No person shall be debarred admission to any of the collegiate departments of the university on account of sex.

[Amendments to Article IX, 1879-present]

[Chronological]

November 4, 1884

Section 7 amended

The Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and the principals of the State normal schools shall constitute the State Board of Education, and shall compile, or cause to be compiled and adopt a uniform series of textbooks for use in the common schools throughout the State. The State board may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing at the State Printing Office, and when so printed and published, to the distributed and sold at the cost price of printing, publishing, and distributing the same. The textbooks so adopted shall continue in use not less than four years; and said State board shall perform such other duties as my be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the State. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions.

November 6, 1894

Section 7 amended

The Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president of the University of California, and the professor of pedagogy therein, and the principals of State normal schools, shall constitute the State Board of Education, and shall compile, or cause to be compiled and adopt a uniform series of textbooks for use in the common schools throughout the State. The State board may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing at the State Printing Office, and when so printed and published, to the distributed and sold at the cost price of printing, publishing, and distributing the same. The textbooks so adopted shall continue in use not less than four years; and said State board shall perform such other duties as my be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the State. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions.

November 6, 1900

Section 10 amended

The trusts and estates created for the founding, endowment, and maintenance of the Leland Stanford Junior University, under and in accordance with “An act to advance learning,” etc., approved March ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, by the endowment grant executed by Leland Stanford and Jane Lathrop Stanford on the eleventh day of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and recorded in liber eighty-three of deeds, at page twenty-three et seq., records of Santa Clara County, and by the amendments of such grant, and by gifts, grants, bequests, and devises supplementary thereto, and by confirmatory grants, are permitted, approved, and confirmed. The board of trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, as such, or in the name of the institution, or by other intelligible designation of the trustees or of the institution, may receive property, real or personal, and wherever situated, by gift, grant, devise, or bequest, for the benefit of the institution, or of any department thereof, and such property, unless otherwise provided, shall be held by the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University upon the trusts provided for in the grant founding the university, and amendments thereof, and grants, bequests, and devises supplementary thereto. The Legislature, by special act, may grant to the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University corporate powers and privileges, but it shall not thereby alter their tenure, or limit their powers or obligations as trustees. All property now or hereafter held in trust for the founding, maintenance, or benefit of the Leland Stanford Junior University, or of any department thereof, may be exempted by special act from state taxation, and all personal property so held, the Palo Alto farm as described in the endowment grant to the trustees of the university, and all other real property so held and used by the university for educational purposes exclusively, may be similarly exempted from county and municipal taxation; provided, that residents of California shall be charged no fees for tuition unless such fees be authorized by act of the Legislature.

Section 11 adopted

All property now or hereafter belonging to “The California School of Mechanical Arts,” an institution founded and endowed by the late James Lick to educate males and females in the practical arts of life, and incorporated under the laws of the State of California, November twenty-third, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, having its school buildings located in the city and county of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the Governor. The Legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given.

November 4, 1902

Section 6 amended

The public school system shall include primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools, and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority. The entire revenue derived from the State school fund and from the general State school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of primary and grammar schools; but the Legislature may authorize and cause to be levied a special State school tax for the support of high schools and technical schools, or either of such schools included in the public school system, and all revenue derived from such special tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of the schools for which such special tax shall be levied.

November 8, 1904

Section 12 adopted

All property now or hereafter belonging to the “California Academy of Sciences,” an institution for the advancement of science and maintenance of a free museum, and chiefly endowed by the late James Lick, and incorporated under the laws of the state of California, January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, having its buildings located in the city and county of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the Governor. The Legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given.

November 6, 1906

Section 13 adopted

All property now or hereafter belonging to the Cogswell Polytechnical College, an institution for the advancement of learning, incorporated under the laws of the State of California, and having its buildings located in the city and county of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the Governor. The Legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given.

November 3, 1908

Section 6 amended

The public school system shall include day and evening elementary schools, and such day and evening secondary schools, normal schools and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority. The entire revenue derived from the State school fund and from the general State school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of day and evening elementary schools; but the Legislature may authorize and cause to be levied a special State school tax for the support of day and evening secondary schools and technical schools, or either of such schools, included in the public school system, and all revenue derived from such special tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of the schools for which such special tax shall be levied.

October 10, 1911

Section 7 amended

The Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president of the University of California, and the professor of pedagogy therein, and the principals of State normal schools, shall constitute the State Board of Education, and shall compile, or cause to be compiled and adopt a uniform series of textbooks for use in the common schools throughout the State. The State board may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing at the State Printing Office, and when so printed and published, to the distributed and sold at the cost price of printing, publishing, and distributing the same. The textbooks so adopted shall continue in use not less than four years, without any change or alteration whatsoever which will require or necessitate the purchase of new books by such pupils; and said State board shall perform such other duties as my be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the State. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions.

November 6, 1912

Section 7 amended

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of a State Board of Education, and said board shall provide, compile, or cause to be compiled, and adopt, a uniform series of textbooks for use in the day and evening elementary schools throughout the state. The State board may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing, at the State Printing Office; and wherever and however such textbooks may be printed and published, they shall be furnished and distributed by the state free of cost or any charge whatever, to all children attending the day and evening elementary schools of the state, under such conditions as the Legislature shall prescribe. The textbooks, so adopted, shall continue in use not less than four years, without any change or alteration whatsoever which will require or necessitate the furnishing of new books to such pupils, and said state board shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the state. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions.

November 5, 1918

Section 9 amended

The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as The Regents of the University of California, with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and the security of its funds. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of eight ex officio members, to wit: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Board of Agriculture, the President of the Mechanics Institute of San Francisco, the President of the Alumni Association of the University and the Acting President of the University, and 16 appointive members appointed by the Governor; provided, however, that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms. The term of the appointive members shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and in case of any vacancy the term of office of the appointee to fill such vacancy, who shall be appointed by the Governor, to be for the balance of the term as to which such vacancy exists. Said corporation shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise; provided, that all moneys derived from the sale of public lands donated to this State by act of Congress approved July 2, 1862 (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of Congress and the income from said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of Congress; and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency, any portion of the funds so set apart shall be diminished or lost, the State shall replace such portion so lost or misappropriated, so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of sex.

November 5, 1920

Section 6 amended

The public school system shall include day and evening elementary schools, and such day and evening secondary schools, technical schools, kindergarten schools and normal schools or teachers' colleges, as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority.

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for distribution in each school year in such manner as the Legislature shall provide an amount not less than $30 per pupil in average daily attendance in the day and evening elementary schools in the public school system during the neat preceding school year.

The Legislature shall provide a State High School Fund from the revenues of the State for the support of day and evening secondary and technical schools, which for each school year, shall provide for distribution in such manner as the Legislature shall provide an amount not less than $30 per pupil in average daily attendance in the day and evening secondary and technical schools in the public school system during the next preceding school year.

The Legislature shall provide for the levying of a county, and city and county, elementary school tax, by the board of supervisors of each county, and city and county, sufficient in amount to produce a sum of money not less than the amount of money to be received during the current school year from the State for the support of the public day and evening elementary schools of the county, or city and county; provided, that said elementary school tax levied by any board of supervisors shall produce not less than $30 per pupil in average daily attendance in the public day and evening elementary schools of the county, or city and county, during the next preceding school year.

The Legislature shall provide for the levying of a county, and city and county, high school tax by the board of supervisors of each county, and city and county sufficient in amount to produce a sum of money not less than twice the amount of money to be received during the current school year from the State for the support of the public day and evening secondary and technical schools of the county, or city and county; provided, that the high school tax levied by the board of supervisors shall produce not less than $60 per pupil in average daily attendance in the public day and evening secondary schools of the county, or city and county, during the. next preceding school year.

The Legislature shall provide for the levying of school district taxes by the" board of supervisors of each county, and city and county, for the support of public elementary schools, secondary schools, technical schools, and kindergarten schools, or for any other public school purpose authorized by the Legislature.

The entire amount of money provided by the State, and not less than 60 per cent of the amount of money provided by county, or city and county, school taxes shall be applied exclusively to the payment of public school teachers' salaries.

The revenues provided for the public school system for the school year ending June 30, 1921, shall not be affected by this amendment except as the Legislature may provide.

November 7, 1922

Section 6 1/2 adopted

Nothing in this Constitution contained shall forbid the formation of districts for school purposes situate in more than one county or the issuance of bonds by such districts under such general laws as have been or may hereafter be prescribed by the Legislature; and the officers mentioned in such laws shall be authorized to levy and assess such taxes and perform all such other acts as may be prescribed therein for the purpose of paying such bonds and carrying out the other powers conferred upon such districts; provided, that all such bonds shall be issued subject to the limitations prescribed in section 18 of article eleven hereof.

November 2, 1926

Section 14 adopted

The Legislature shall have power, by general law, to provide for the incorporation and organization of school districts, high school districts, and junior college districts, of every kind and class, and may classify such districts.

November 4, 1930

Section 15 adopted

The trusts and estates created for the founding, endowment and maintenance of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, under and in accordance with an act of the Legislature approved March 10, 1885, chapter forty-seven of the Statutes of California of 1885, by the endowment grant executed by Henry E. Huntington and Arabella D. Huntington on the thirtieth day of August, 1919, and recorded in book 6937, page 97 of deeds, records of Los Angeles, California, on the fifteenth day of September, 1919, and by the amendments of such grant and by gifts and grants supplementary thereto and by confirmatory grants, are permitted, approved and confirmed. The board of trustees of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, as such, or in the name of the institution, or by other intelligible designation of the trustees, or of the institution, may receive property, real or personal, and wherever situated, by gift, grant, devise, or bequest, for the benefit of the institution, and such property, unless otherwise provided, shall be held by the trustees of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery upon the trusts provided for in the grant founding the institution, and amendments thereof and grants supplementary thereto. All property as of July 1, 1929, held in trust for the founding, maintenance or benefit of the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery and the increments thereof and all personal property received in exchange therefor shall be exempt from taxation. The Legislature may modify, suspend and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given. The trustees of said institution shall annually report their proceedings to the person who for the time being shall fill the office of Secretary of State of the State of California, and said trustees shall accompany said report with a full account of their financial operations for the preceding year and with a statement of the financial affairs of the institution.

November 5, 1946

Section 2.1 adopted

The State Board of Education, on nomination of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, shall appoint one Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction and three Associate Superintendents of Instruction who shall be exempt from State civil service and whose terms of office shall be four years.

Section 3.1 adopted

Notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary, the Legislature shall prescribe the qualifications required of county superintendents of schools and shall fix their salaries, and for these purposes shall classify the several counties in the state.

Section 3.3 adopted

It shall be competent to provide in any charter framed for a county under any provision of this Constitution, or by the amendment of any such charter, for the election of the members of the county board of education of such county and for their qualifications and terms of office.

Section 6 amended

Each person, other than a substitute employee, employed by a school district as a teacher or in any other position requiring certification qualifications shall be paid a salary which shall be at the rate of an annual salary of not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400) for a person serving full time, as defined by law.

The Public School System shall include all kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, technical schools, and State colleges, established in accordance with law and, in addition, the school districts and the other agencies authorized to maintain them. No school or college or any other part of the Public School System shall be, directly or indirectly, transferred from the Public School System or placed under the jurisdiction of any authority other than one included within the Public School System.

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred and twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one ninety dollars ($90) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

Solely with respect to any retirement system provided for in the charter of any county or city and county pursuant to the provisions of which the contributions of, and benefits to, certificated employees of a school district who are members of such systems are based upon the proportion of the salaries of such certificated employees contributed by said county or city and county, all amounts apportioned to said county or city and county, or to school districts therein, pursuant to the provisions of this section shall be considered as though derived from county or city and county school taxes for the support of county and city and county government and not money provided by the State within the meaning of this section.

The Legislature shall provide for the levying annually by the governing body of each county, and city and county, of such school district taxes, at rates not in excess of the maximum rates of school district tax fixed or authorized by the Legislature, as will produce in each fiscal year such revenue for each school district as the governing board thereof shall determine is required in such fiscal year for the support of all schools and functions of said district authorized or required by law.

The provisions of this section as they read on April 1, 1946, shall remain operative to and including June 30, 1947, and no longer, notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary.

November 5, 1952

Section 6 amended

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred and eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

The provisions of this section as they read on April 1, 1952, shall remain operative to and including June 30, 1954, and no longer, notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary.

November 8, 1960

Section 2 amended

A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at each gubernatorial election. He shall enter upon the duties of the office on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding his election.

November 6, 1962

Section 6 amended

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred and eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

November 3, 1964

Section 4 repealed

June 2, 1970

Section 7 amended

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of the State Board of Education and a board of education in each county.

Section 7.5 adopted

The State Board of Education shall adopt textbooks for use in grades one through eight throughout the State, to be furnished without cost as provided by the statute.

November 3, 1970

Section 9 amended

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as The Regents of the University of California, with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and the security of its funds. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of eight ex officio members, to wit: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Board of Agriculture, the President of the Mechanics Institute of San Francisco, the President of the Alumni Association of the University and the Acting President of the University, and 16 appointive members appointed by the Governor; provided, however, that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms. The term of the appointive members shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and in case of any vacancy the term of office of the appointee to fill such vacancy, who shall be appointed by the Governor, to be for the balance of the term as to which such vacancy exists. Said corporation shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise; provided, that all moneys derived from the sale of public lands donated to this State by act of Congress approved July 2, 1862 (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of Congress and the income from said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of Congress; and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency, any portion of the funds so set apart shall be diminished or lost, the State shall replace such portion so lost or misappropriated, so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of sex.

(b) Meetings of the regents shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

June 6, 1972

Section 9 amended

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as The Regents of the University of California, with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and the security of its funds. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of eight ex officio members, to wit: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Board of Agriculture, the President of the Mechanics Institute of San Francisco, the President of the Alumni Association of the University and the Acting President of the University, and 16 appointive members appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring; provided, however, that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms. The terms of the appointive members shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and in case of any vacancy the term of office of the appointee to fill such vacancy, who shall be appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring, to be for the balance of the term as to which such vacancy exists. Said corporation shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise; provided, that all moneys derived from the sale of public lands donated to this State by act of Congress approved July 2, 1862 (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of Congress and the income from said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of Congress; and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency, any portion of the funds so set apart shall be diminished or lost, the State shall replace such portion so lost or misappropriated, so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of sex.

(b) Meetings of the regents shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

Section 16 adopted

It shall be competent, in all charters framed under the authority given by Section 5 of Article XI, to provide, in addition to those provisions allowable by this Constitution, and by the laws of the state for the manner in which, the times at which, and the terms for which the members of boards of education shall be elected or appointed, for their qualifications, compensation and removal, and for the number which shall constitute any one of such boards.

November 7, 1972 (Operative July 1, 1973)

Section 14 amended

The Legislature shall have power, by general law, to provide for the incorporation and organization of school districts, high school districts, and community college districts, of every kind and class, and may classify such districts.

November 5, 1974

Section 2 amended

A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at each gubernatorial election. The Superintendent of Public Instruction shall enter upon the duties of the office on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding each gubernatorial election.

Section 6 amended

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

Section 9 amended

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as "The Regents of the University of California," with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and the security of its funds. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of seven ex officio members, to wit: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president and the vice president of the alumni association of the university and the acting president of the university, and 18 appointive members appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring; provided, however that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms.

(b) The terms of the members appointed prior to November 5, 1974, shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and two members shall be appointed for terms commencing on March 1,1976, and on March 1 of each year thereafter; provided that no such appointments shall be made for terms to commence on March 1, 1979, or on March 1 of each fourth year thereafter, to the end that no appointment to the regents for a newly commencing term shall be made during the first year of any gubernatorial term of office. The terms of the members appointed for terms commencing on and after March 1,1976, shall be 12 years. During the period of transition until the time when the appointive membership is comprised exclusively of persons serving for terms of 12 years, the total number of appointive members may exceed the numbers specified in the preceding paragraph.

In case of any vacancy, the term of office of the appointee to fill such vacancy, who shall be appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring, shall be for the balance of the term for which such vacancy exists.

(c) The members of the board may, in their discretion, following procedures established by them and after consultation with representatives of faculty and students of the university, including appropriate officers of the academic senate and student governments, appoint to the board either or both of the following persons as members with all rights of participation: a member of the faculty at a campus of the university or of another institution of higher education; a person enrolled as a student at a campus of the university for each regular academic term during his service as a member of the board. Any person so appointed shall serve for not less than one year commencing on July 1.

(d) Regents shall be able persons broadly reflective of the economic, cultural, and social diversity of the state, including ethnic minorities and women. However, it is not intended that formulas or specific ratios be applied in the selection of regents.

(e) In the selection of the Regents, the Governor shall consult an advisory committee composed as follows: The Speaker of the Assembly and two public members appointed by the Speaker, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and two public members appointed by the Rules Committee of the Senate, two public members appointed by the Governor, the chairman of the regents of the university, an alumnus of the university chosen by the alumni association of the university, a student of the university chosen by the Council of Student Body Presidents, and a member of the faculty of the university chosen by the academic senate of the university. Public members shall serve for four years, except that one each of the initially appointed members selected by the Speaker of the Assembly, the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, and the Governor shall be appointed to serve for two years; student, alumni, and faculty members shall serve for one year and may not be regents of the university at the time of their service on the advisory committee.

(f) The regents of the University of California shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise. The Regents shall receive all funds derived from the sale of lands pursuant to the act of Congress of July 2, 1862, and any subsequent acts amendatory thereof. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of sex.

(g) Meetings of the Regents of the University of California shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

Section 10 repealed

Section 11 repealed

Section 12 repealed

Section 13 repealed

Section 15 repealed

November 2, 1976

Section 3 amended

A Superintendent of Schools for each county may be elected by the qualified electors thereof at each gubernatorial election or may be appointed by the county board of education, and the manner of the selection shall be determined by a majority vote of the electors of the county voting on the question; provided, that two or more counties may, by an election conducted pursuant to Section 3.2 of this articles, unite for the purpose of electing or appointing one joint superintendent for the counties so uniting.

Section 3.1 amended

Section 3.2 adopted

Notwithstanding any provisions of this Constitution to the contrary, any two or more chartered counties, or nonchartered counties, or any combination thereof, may, by a majority vote of the electors of each such county voting on the proposition at an election called for that purpose in such county, establish one joint board of education and one joint county superintendent of schools for the counties so uniting. A joint county board of education and a joint superintendent of schools shall be governed by the general statutes and shall not be governed by the provisions of any county charter.

Section 3.3 amended

Except as provided in Section 3.2 of this article, it shall be competent to provide in any charter framed for a county under any provision of this Constitution, or by the amendment of any such charter, for the election of the members of the county board of education of such county and for their qualifications and terms of office.

Section 7 amended

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of the State Board of Education and a board of education in each county or for the election of a joint county board of education for two or more counties.

Section 9 amended

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as "The Regents of the University of California," with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure the security of it funds and compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and such competitive bidding procedures as my be made applicable to the university by statute for the letting of construction contracts, sales of real property, and purchasing of materials, goods, and services. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of seven ex officio members, which shall be: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president and the vice president of the alumni association of the university and the acting president of the university, and 18 appointive members appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring; provided, however that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms.

(b) The terms of the members appointed prior to November 5, 1974, shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and two members shall be appointed for terms commencing on March 1,1976, and on March 1 of each year thereafter; provided that no such appointments shall be made for terms to commence on March 1, 1979, or on March 1 of each fourth year thereafter, to the end that no appointment to the regents for a newly commencing term shall be made during the first year of any gubernatorial term of office. The terms of the members appointed for terms commencing on and after March 1, 1976, shall be 12 years. During the period of transition until the time when the appointive membership is comprised exclusively of persons serving for terms of 12 years, the total number of appointive members may exceed the numbers specified in the preceding paragraph.

(f) The regents of the University of California shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct; provided, however, that sales of university real property shall be subject to such competitive bidding procedures as may be provided by statute. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise. The Regents shall receive all funds derived from the sale of lands pursuant to the act of Congress of July 2, 1862, and any subsequent acts amendatory thereof. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of race, religion, ethnic heritage, or sex.

(g) Meetings of the Regents of the University of California shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

June 6, 1978

Section 16 amended

(a) It shall be competent, in all charters framed under the authority given by Section 5 of Article XI, to provide, in addition to those provisions allowable by this Constitution, and by the laws of the state for the manner in which, the times at which, and the terms for which the members of boards of education shall be elected or appointed, for their qualifications, compensation and removal, and for the number which shall constitute any one of such boards.

(b) Notwithstanding Section 3 of Article XI, when the boundaries of a school district or community college district extend beyond the limits of a city whose charter provides for any or all of the foregoing with respect to the members of its board of education, no charter amendment effecting a change in the manner in which, the times at which, or the terms for which the members of the board of education shall be elected or appointed, for their qualifications, compensation, or removal, or for the number which shall constitute such board, shall be adopted unless it is submitted to and approved by a majority of all the qualified electors of the school district or community college district voting on the question. Any such amendment, and any portion of a proposed charter or a revised charter which would establish or change any of the foregoing provisions respecting a board of education, shall be submitted to the electors of the school district or community college district as one or more separate questions. The failure of any such separate question to be approved shall have the result of continuing in effect the applicable existing law with respect to that board of education.

November 6, 1990

Section 2 amended

[By Section]

Section 2

Original Section

A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall, at each gubernatorial election after the adoption of this constitution, be elected by the qualified electors of the State. He shall receive salary equal to that of the secretary of state, and shall enter upon the duties of his office on the first Monday after the first day of January next succeeding his election.

Amended November 8, 1960

Amended November 5, 1974

Amended November 6, 1990 (Initiative measure)

Section 2.1

New section adopted November 5, 1946

This section shall not be construed as prohibiting the appointment, in accordance with the law, of additional Associate Superintendents of Public Instruction subject to State civil service.

Section 3

Original Section

A Superintendent of Schools for each county shall be elected by the qualified electors thereof at each gubernatorial election; provided, that the Legislature may authorize two or more counties to unite and elect one superintendent for the counties so uniting.

Amended November 2, 1976

Section 3.1

New section adopted November 5, 1946

Amended November 2, 1976

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary, the Legislature shall prescribe the qualifications required of county superintendents of schools, and for these purposes shall classify the several counties in the state.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of the Constitution to the contrary, the county board of education or joint county board of education, as the case may be, shall fix the salary of the county superintendent of schools or the joint county superintendent of schools, respectively.

Section 3.2

New section adopted November 2, 1976

Section 3.3

New section adopted November 5, 1946

Amended November 2, 1976

Section 4

Original section

The proceeds of all lands that have been or may be granted by the United States to this state for the support of common schools which may be, or may have been, sold or disposed of, and the five hundred thousand acres of land granted to the new states under an act of congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several states of the Union, approved A.D. one thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and all estates of deceased persons who may have died without leaving a will or heir, and also such per cent as may be granted, or may have been granted, by congress on the sale of lands in this state, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, together with all the rents of the unsold lands, and such other means as the Legislature may provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools throughout the state.

Repealed November 3, 1964

Section 6

Original Section

The public school system shall include primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority; but the entire revenue derived from the state school fund, and the state school tax, shall be applied exclusively to the support of primary and grammar schools.

Amended November 4, 1902

The public school system shall include primary and grammar schools, and such high schools, evening schools, normal schools, and technical schools as may be established by the Legislature, or by municipal or district authority. The entire revenue derived from the State school fund and from the general state school tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of primary and grammar schools; but the legislature may authorize and cause to be levied a special State school tax for the support of high schools and technical schools, or either of such schools included in the public school system, and all revenue derived from such special tax shall be applied exclusively to the support of the schools for which such special tax shall be levied.

Amended November 3, 1908

Amended November 2, 1920

The revenues provided for the public school system for the school year ending June 30, 1921, shall not be affected by this amendment except as the Legislature may provide.

Amended November 5, 1946

The provisions of this section as they read on April 1, 1946, shall remain operative to and including June 30, 1947, and no longer, notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary.

Amended November 5, 1952

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred and eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

The provisions of this section as they read on April 1, 1952, shall remain operative to and including June 30, 1954, and no longer, notwithstanding any provision of this Constitution to the contrary.

Amended November 6, 1962

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred and eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

Amended November 5, 1974

The Legislature shall add to the State School Fund such other means from the revenues of the State as shall provide in said fund for apportionment in each fiscal year, an amount not less than one hundred eighty dollars ($180) per pupil in average daily attendance in the kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools in the Public School System during the next preceding fiscal year.

The entire State School Fund shall be apportioned in each fiscal year in such manner as the Legislature may provide, through the school districts and other agencies maintaining such schools, for the support of, and aid to, kindergarten schools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and technical schools except that there shall be apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year not less than one hundred twenty dollars ($120) per pupil in average daily attendance in the district during the next preceding fiscal year and except that the amount apportioned to each school district in each fiscal year shall be not less than twenty-four hundred dollars ($2,400).

Section 6 1/2

New section adopted November 7, 1922

Section 7

Original Section

The local Boards of Education, and the Boards of Supervisors, and the County Superintendents of the several counties which may not have County Boards of Education, shall adopt a series of text books for the use of the common schools within their respective jurisdictions; the text books so adopted shall continue in use for not less than four years; they shall also have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their several jurisdictions.

Amended November 4, 1884

Amended November 6, 1894

Amended October 10, 1911

The Governor, Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president of the University of California, and the professor of pedagogy therein, and the principals of State normal schools, shall constitute the State Board of Education, and shall compile, or cause to be compiled and adopt a uniform series of textbooks for use in the common schools throughout the State. The State board may cause such textbooks, when adopted, to be printed and published by the Superintendent of State Printing at the State Printing Office, and when so printed and published, to the distributed and sold at the cost price of printing, publishing, and distributing the same. The textbooks so adopted shall continue in use not less than four years, without any change or alteration whatsoever which will require or necessitate the purchase of new books by such pupils; and said State board shall perform such other duties as my be prescribed by law. The Legislature shall provide for a Board of Education in each county in the State. The County Superintendents and the County Boards of Education shall have control of the examination of teachers and the granting of teachers' certificates within their respective jurisdictions.

Amended November 5, 1912

Amended June 2, 1970

The Legislature shall provide for the appointment or election of the State Board of Education and a board of education in each county.

Amended June 2, 1976

Section 7.5

New section adopted June 2, 1970

The State Board of Education shall adopt textbooks for use in grades one through eight throughout the State, to be furnished without cost as provided by the statute.

Section 9

Original Section

November 5, 1918

Amended November 3, 1970

(b) Meetings of the regents shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

June 6, 1972

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as The Regents of the University of California, with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and the security of its funds. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of eight ex officio members, to wit: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the President of the State Board of Agriculture, the President of the Mechanics Institute of San Francisco, the President of the Alumni Association of the University and the Acting President of the University, and 16 appointive members appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring; provided, however, that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms. The terms of the appointive members shall be 16 years; the terms of two appointive members to expire as heretofore on March 1st of every even-numbered calendar year, and in case of any vacancy the term of office of the appointee to fill such vacancy, who shall be appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring, to be for the balance of the term as to which such vacancy exists. Said corporation shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise; provided, that all moneys derived from the sale of public lands donated to this State by act of Congress approved July 2, 1862 (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of Congress and the income from said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of Congress; and the Legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency, any portion of the funds so set apart shall be diminished or lost, the State shall replace such portion so lost or misappropriated, so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of sex.

(b) Meetings of the regents shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

November 5, 1974

(g) Meetings of the Regents of the University of California shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

November 2, 1976

(a) The University of California shall constitute a public trust, to be administered by the existing corporation known as "The Regents of the University of California," with full powers of organization and government, subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure the security of it funds and compliance with the terms of the endowments of the university and such competitive bidding procedures as my be made applicable to the university by statute for the letting of construction contracts, sales of real property, and purchasing of materials, goods, and services. Said corporation shall be in form a board composed of seven ex officio members, which shall be: the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Superintendent of Public Instruction, the president and the vice president of the alumni association of the university and the acting president of the university, and 18 appointive members appointed by the Governor and approved by the Senate, a majority of the membership concurring; provided, however that the present appointive members shall hold office until the expiration of their present terms.

(f) The regents of the University of California shall be vested with the legal title and the management and disposition of the property of the university and of property held for its benefit and shall have the power to take and hold, either by purchase or by donation, or gift, testamentary or otherwise, or in any other manner, without restriction, all real and personal property for the benefit of the university or incidentally to its conduct; provided, however, that sales of university real property shall be subject to such competitive bidding procedures as may be provided by statute. Said corporation shall also have all the powers necessary or convenient for the effective administration of its trust, including the power to sue and to be sued, to use a seal, and to delegate to its committees or to the faculty of the university, or to others, such authority or functions as it may deem wise. The Regents shall receive all funds derived from the sale of lands pursuant to the act of Congress of July 2, 1862, and any subsequent acts amendatory thereof. The university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs, and no person shall be debarred admission to any department of the university on account of race, religion, ethnic heritage, or sex.

(g) Meetings of the Regents of the University of California shall be public, with exceptions and notice requirements as may be provided by statute.

Section 10

New section adopted November 6, 1900

Repealed November 5, 1974

Section 11

New section adopted November 6, 1900

Repealed November 5, 1974

Section 12

New section November 8, 1904

Repealed November 5, 1974

Section 13

New section adopted November 6, 1906

Repealed November 5, 1974

Section 14

New section adopted November 2, 1926

Amended November 7, 1972 (Operative July 1, 1973)

The Legislature may authorize the governing boards of all school districts to initiate and carry on any programs, activities or to otherwise act in any manner which is not in conflict with the laws and purposes for which school districts are established.

Section 15

New section adopted November 4, 1930

Repealed November 5, 1974

Section 16

New section adopted June 6, 1972

Amended June 6, 1978

About this text
Courtesy of University Archives, The Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-6000; http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/info
http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=hb409nb2hr&brand=calisphere
Title: 1879 California State Constitution: Article IX (including amendments)
By: California (State), Author
Date: 1879
Contributing Institution: University Archives, The Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-6000; http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/info
Copyright Note:

Material in public domain. No restrictions on use