Preliminary Inventory to the Sig Mickelson papers
Finding aid prepared by Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Hoover Institution Library and Archives
© 1999
434 Galvez Mall
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-6003
hoover-library-archives@stanford.edu
Title: Sig Mickelson papers
Date (inclusive): 1950-2000
Collection Number: 82074
Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Language of Material:
English
Physical Description:
33 manuscript boxes
(13.8 Linear Feet)
Abstract: Minutes of meetings, reports, memoranda, financial records, speeches and writings, correspondence, notes, interviews, conference
papers, press releases, printed matter, and phonotapes, relating to broadcasting activities of Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and to financing of American presidential election campaigns and media coverage
of presidential nominating conventions.
Creator:
Mickelson, Sig
Physical Location: Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Access
The collection is open for research; materials must be requested in advance via our reservation system. If there are audiovisual
or digital media material in the collection, they must be reformatted before providing access.
Use
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Aquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1982.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Sig Mickelson papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Scope and Content of Collection
Minutes of meetings, reports, memoranda, financial records, speeches and writings, correspondence, notes, interviews, conference
papers, press releases, printed matter, and phonotapes, relating to broadcasting activities of Radio Free Europe and Radio
Liberty in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and to financing of American presidential election campaigns and media coverage
of presidential nominating conventions.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Audiotapes
Radio broadcasting -- Soviet Union
Radio broadcasting -- Europe, Eastern
United States -- Politics and government -- 1945-1989
Presidents -- United States -- Election
Mass media -- United States
Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe
box 1
Board of Directors (BOD) meeting minutes, 1977-1980
box 3
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) fund
box 5
Program review conference
1976
box 6
Portugal, Rádio Retransmissão Sociedade Anónima de Radio-Retransmissão (RARET)
box 6
Communist Intelligence Services
box 6
Radio Liberty (RL) program and budget
1975
box 7
General accounting Office (GAO) report
1976
box 7
Corporate documents for a merged RFE/RL, Inc.
box 7
Audience research reports
box 8
RL Audience Research reports
box 9
Olympics
coverage study
1976
box 9
RFE/RL and the Olympic Games.
Scope and Contents note
Includes documentation that describes RFE covering all
Olympics
in an organized form since Helsinki in 1952, except for Tokyo in 1964 on cost grounds. RL was less focused on
Olympics
, and only covered them since 1960
box 9
Labor relations in Munich
1975
box 9
RL press releases
1951-1953
box 10
RL study, "Fifty Years of the Soviet Political Emigration, 1917-1967," by Oliver J. Frederickson
box 10
Congressional briefings
1976
box 10
U.S. Government Monies Provided to Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty by the Comptroller General of the United States. Includes
information on weekly program mix and budget data
box 11
Board for International Broadcasting (BIB) meeting
1976
box 11
RFE/RL Board
12 April 1976.
Scope and Contents note
Confidential Memorandum to the Files [SM] "relationships between BIB staff and this management of RFE and RL have been something
less than warm and friendly..."
box 11
Congressional hearings
1977
box 13
RFE president reports
1950-1952
box 14
Olympics
box 14
RFE Memos on technical facilities
1950
box 14
Early history files for Mickelson book
box 14
Wall Street Journal editorial on BIB and Radio's mess, 3 June 1980
box 14
Durkee, Hovey, Lester termination payments
1976
box 14
BIB Board meeting notes
1975
box 15
Miscellaneous subjects, late 1970s early 1980s
box 15
John Scott Reports. Includes a 5 June 1976 interview with Lang, a memo to Sig from John regarding April-May activities, and
a draft speech
box 18
Congressional briefing books
Sound recordings of people interviewed by Sig Mickelson
Scope and Contents note
A card file giving biographical information on each person connected in one way or the other with Radio Free Europe/Radio
Liberty is duplicated for each interview listing below. Card files are available in box 22
box 22
Abshire, David M., sound recording
1 May 1982
Scope and Contents note
Mickelson interviews Abshire concerning his activities with the federal government and foreign policy in the early 1970s.
Topics of the conversation include, but are not limited to: Senator Clifford Case, Senator Fulbright, the State Department,
Bill Rogers, the American Council, quasi-independent corporations within the government and congressional oversight, Radio
Free Europe and Radio Liberty, and the CIA's involvement with the radios. The sound quality indicates this interview took
place over the telephone. Abshire was assistant secretary of state for congressional relations, 1971-72; chairman of the U.S.
board of international broadcasting, 1974-77. Cassette 1. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003434
box 22
Arkus, Al, sound recording
13 May 1981
Scope and Contents note
Arkus talks about his time at Radio Free Europe, concentrating on the production side of broadcasting. The conversation begin
with how Arkus got his start at RFE. He moved over from Gotham recording, where he had been effectively producing for RFE
while working as a technician for Gotham, because RFE people were from newspapers. He notes that he was involved in radio
since high school. When describing the production of the broadcasts, he covers several topics. He describes the RFE offices
and studios in New York City. He details how the production needs drove what facilities they used and how they used them;
in the process, he describes his effort to get RFE to use cart tapes. The conversation touches on Arkus' direction of plays
for radio and other programming meant to catch the ear of the listeners. Arkus details covering three large events: the
Olympics
; elections, including concurrently interacting with four different services; and a Papal visit to America and live broadcast
to Poland. He describes the technical routing of signals. He also speaks about professionalism at RFE and the personal fulfillment
he's achieved working at the radios. Arkus joined RFE as a studio recording, technician in 1950, and was production manager
of the New York production center, 1975- . Cassette 2. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003435
box 22
Baker, John, sound recording
6-11 May 1981
Scope and Contents note
Baker was a member of the European Bureau, D.O.S. assigned to RFE and RL liaison, 1971-1974. Cassette 46. Use copy reference
number: 82074_a_0004648
box 22
Barrett, Edward W., sound recording
11-12 October 1982 February 1983
Scope and Contents note
In a wide ranging conversation, Mickelson interviews Barrett about various topics concerning Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty.
Among these are various people within the federal government, especially the executive branch, State Department, and Wisner;
the independence of the radios from politicians; and Voice of America, the Crusade for Freedom, and other related organizations.
The interview includes profanity. The sound quality indicates this interview took place over the telephone. Barrett was a
member, Free Europe corporation, 1949; director, RFE/RL, 1975-82. Cassette 56 consists of a sound recording of Sig Mickelson
summarizing interviews with Barrett and two others, February 1983. Cassette 3, 56. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003436
and 82074_a_0004741
box 22
Bellus, Samuel, sound recording
24 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Mickelson interviews Bellus about his life and work with the Czech-Slovak service of Radio Free Europe. Recounting his biography,
Bellus explains how he was a member of parliament who eventually escaped Czechoslovakia when the communists came to power.
After escaping to the American embassy in Vienna, Austria, he became involved in Radio Free Europe. He does not go into depth
about his escape because the people who helped him escape are still in Czechoslovakia. Instead of immediately going to Munich,
he wished to go to America, learn about the country, and become a citizen before working in Germany. The conversation then
turns to his work in the Czech-Slovak service. Bellus explains how he came to head the service, and talks about various aspects
of his work, for example, the relationship between offices in New York, London, and Munich. Bellus was a defector from the
CSSR, 1948; director, RFE Czecho-Slovak service, 1976- . Cassette 4. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003437
box 22
Bena, Kamiel, sound recording
June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Mickelson interviews Kamil Bena about the Czecho-Slovak service. The interview begins with Bena recounting how he got his
start at RFE. He then talks about the Munich site before and after he joined. Speaking about the service generally, he describes
his colleagues, comments on its method of operating as compared to the other services, and talks about the types of programming
(music, news, etc.). The interview concludes with Bena reflecting on his dedication to RFE and the idealism within the building.
Bena was senior editor, administrator, RFE Czecho-Slovak service, 1952- . Cassette 5. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003438
box 22
Bernard, Noel, sound recording
25 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
In a fast paced interview, Mickelson interviews Bernard about several topics. Bernard discusses his background, including
stints in Rome, at the BBC, and at RFE/RL; RFE listening posts; why he is not proud of some of his work at RFE in the 1950s;
establishing credibility and what attracts the Romanian people; acquiring documents via a dissident and the reaction of the
government; a staff member in Paris that was beaten up; and an earthquake in Bucharest. He spends some time discussing feedback
RFE gets from those in Romania. He says most of the letters ask how one gets out of the country, followed by letters concerning
the pop music they broadcast, explaining this is how they want to hook young listeners. He says they also get letters of denunciation.
Cassette 5. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003438
Bernard talks about an earthquake and the following events; he also talks about a controversial event in 1979 related to churches
and fascists. Following this, Bernard discusses Holtzman (sp?) and her actions. Bernard was director, RFE Romanian service
to 1982. Cassette 6. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003546
box 22
Bivar, Manuel, sound recording
30 May 1981
Scope and Contents note
Divar discusses broadcasting in Portugal, touching on various aspects. Much of the interview was recorded at a very low level
on the original cassette; this portion is unintelligible due to the low signal-to-noise ratio. On the second side of the cassette,
Mickelson repeats a story about the first transmission to Czechoslovakia. Bivar was chief engineer of RFP, 1950-51; liaison
with Free Europe Inc., 1951- . Cassette 7. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003547
box 22
Bobinsky, Bogdan, sound recording
October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Bobinsky speaks about leaving the Ukraine before recalling various aspects about working at RFE/RL. He also discusses his
family. Bobinsky was a Ukrainian technician in the Washington office, 1975- . Cassette 8. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003548
box 22
Bodin, Thomas, sound recording
15 October 1981 25 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Bodin describes many aspects of the news divisions of the radios with a special emphasis on the early 1960s transition of
RFE from a political organization with a military background to a journalism organization. The conversation begins with the
scope of RFE/RL news division, especially as it relates to the international news organizations. He says that RFE broadcasts
as local radio and focuses on local interest. Following, the men discuss the quality and professionalism of the news division.
Bodin says non-journalists originally set up the radios to further a political agenda and thus were not professional news
organizations. He credits increased travel between east and west by the 1960s in causing the radios to change their scope
and organization. The conversation then turns to a lengthy discussion of the content of the news broadcasts. Following, they
discuss the bureaus: the function, purpose, and number. Some time is spent on the relationship between the New York and Munich
offices. Other topics discussed include: plagiarism in the New York office; production values of broadcasts; news services
RFE subscribed to; Radio Liberty news operation before the merger (Bodin did not know much about it, but didn't like it);
Russ Hill and other individual correspondents; and top news stories memos to the various language services. Bodin was successively
a member of the news staff, RFE Munich, bureau chief in London, bureau chief in New York, and bureau chief in Washington,
D.C. Cassette 9, 10. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003552 and 82074_a_0003553
box 22
Braden, Thomas W., sound recording
5 May 1982
Scope and Contents note
The interview concerns the involvement of the CIA, Office of Policy Coordination, and Frank Wisner on the Radios. Braden was
the director of Intelligence Operations Division of the CIA, 1951-54, with responsibility for RFE liaison. Cassette 11, 56.
Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003878 and 82074_a_0004741
box 22
Brown, James F., sound recording
1-2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Brown describes RFE/RL following the Polish declaration of martial law in 1981, monitoring Warsaw television, what gets put
into stories, how RFE/RL's hard news differed from its soft news and other features, and states RFE/RL never got trapped in
stories. Brown was director of Radio Free Europe, 1977- . Other topics include: the biography of Brown; colleagues at the
radios, especially Novak; reforms at the radios, especially the beginning of RFE/RL-created research; Jozef Swiatlo's defection
and RFE interviews; flourishing of RFE; religious factors and generational differences at Radio Liberty; RFE as compared to
the Voice of America and the BBC; and the involvement of the CIA. When asked, Brown believes the aim of the Radios is to make
the public opinion of the countries informed and alert, with an emphasis on alertness. He says the key is to keep the view
of Eastern Europeans that RFE is on their side. He calls 1957-62 the most important years of RFE. Cassette 12, 13. Use copy
reference numbers: 82074_a_0003891 and 82074_a_0003892
box 22
Bush, Keith, sound recording
23 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
This interview covers a wide range of topics. It begins with Bush's biography--his educational background and how he came
to work at Radio Free Europe. It moves to changes he's seen in the organization over the years. He says the biggest is the
emphasis on nationalities, with another noticeable change being the types of programming moving away from the timeless to
the topical. The interview moves to the topic of RL employees' familiarity with the covered nations, which includes the scope
of RL's programming--with an emphasis on health news. Mickelson concludes by inquiring about the non-Russian Soviet republics,
where RL gets its researchers, and how Bush hopes to expand the research division. Bush was director of the research department
of Radio Liberty. Cassette 14. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003893
box 22
Campbell, Earnal, sound recording
17 June 1981 22 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns technical aspects of RFE/RL's broadcasts. Topics covered include: how Campbell joined RFE/RL, engineering
consultants RFE/RL used, installations, studio layout and design, antennas, transmitting frequencies, jamming by the Soviet
Union, transmitting angles and signal loss, monitoring, and personnel. The second interview concerns the 1981 bombing. Campbell
was at home, about a half kilometer from the building, yet felt the blast. He further mentions that his building suffered
a broken window. He goes through how he went to the RFE/RL building, got through security, and surveyed the damage. He explains
how they kept broadcasts going, that the bombing did not fulfill its goal of knocking RFE/RL off the air. He says the Czech
newsroom was the only production facility destroyed. Campbell was chief engineer, RFE/RL, 1975-82. Cassette 15, 16. Use copy
reference numbers: 82074_a_0003897 and 82074_a_0003898
box 22
Cline, Ray, sound recording
6 May 1982
Scope and Contents note
The interview concerns the involvement of the CIA, Office of Policy Coordination, and Frank Wisner on the Radios. Cline was
a long-time CIA officer familiar with RFE and RL stories. Cassette 11. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003878
box 22
Cook, Richard, sound recording
1 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Starting with the topic of Polish martial law, Cook explains the relationships between the various language services of RFE/RL.
He is 'astounded' by the isolation between language services and argues there would be no interaction were it not for a common
English-speaking management. Included in his remarks are how many services were reluctant to cover Polish news due to distance
without his pressure and about Soviet involvement in Afghanistan and central Asia. Cook was director, nationalities staff,
RL Munich. Cassette 17. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003899
box 22
Cummings, Richard, sound recording
22 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns security measures before, during, and after the 1981 bombing. Cummings was director of security for
RFE/RL, 1980- . Cassette 18. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004051
box 22
De Brauw, Pieter J. W., sound recording
14-19 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 19. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0000202
box 22
Dennis, George, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Dennis was the personal representative of the president of RLC in Spain, Cassette 20. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004060
box 22
De Weydenthal, Jan, sound recording
18 December 1980
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 21. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004063
box 22
Dunning, John, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns Senator Case's speech, employee morale, and the influence of politicians on the Radios. Dunning was
director of operations and planning, Free Europe Inc., 1955-75. Cassette 11. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003878
box 22
Eberl, Ingeborg, sound recording
June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Eberl describes being in wing B of the RFE building during the bombing. Her memory is vivid, recalling many details about
that night. The content of the interview gives the impression Mickelson conducted the interview at the RFE/RL site in Munich.
Eberl was a telephone operator, RFE/RL Munich, injured in bombing. Cassette 5. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003438
box 22
Edwards, James, sound recording
22 June 1981, 1 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns Edwards' actions during the very first days of martial law in Poland. This includes several parts
about the qualifications for running stories. Edwards was director of the central news division of RFE/RL. Cassette 12, 18.
Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003891 and 82074_a_0004051
box 22
Evdokimov, Evdokim, sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Evdokimov was a member, RFE Bulgarian service Munich; chairman, Munich unit of ANG. Cassette 22. Use copy reference number:
82074_a_0004074
box 22
Fallis, Hugh, sound recording
15 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Fallis discusses the transmitters the radios use. The conversation also touches on jamming and transmission paths. Fallis
was successively manager of the transmitter base at Radio Liberty Lampertheim, engineer at Radio Liberty in New York, engineer
for RFE/RL Inc., L&L, and engineer for RFE/RL Inc. in Munich. Cassette 9, 10. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003552
box 22
Federspiel, Per, sound recording
5 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Federspiel, a Danish lawyer, was a founding member [WEAC?] [Singe?], 1959; active in European and North Atlantic Internationa
organizations. Cassette 23. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004077
box 22
Fedoseyev, Victor, sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Fedoseyev (Feddseyev) was a member, Russian features staff, RL Munich, 1972- . Cassette 37. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004581
box 22
Griffith, William E., sound recording
24 November 1981
Scope and Contents note
Griffith was policy adviser to the director of RFE Munich, 1952-59. Cassette 24. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004080
box 22
Grover, Allen, sound recording
August 1982
Scope and Contents note
Grover was director of American Committee for freedom of people of USSR and successor organizations, 1975-76; called first
meeting of incorporators. Cassette 25. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004082
box 22
Hart, Henry, sound recording
18 December 1980
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns the audience, its reactions to RFE/RL, the amount of the population that listens to RFE/RL, and how
RFE/RL conducts audience research. Hart was director, Audience and OP research, RFE. Cassette 26. Use copy reference number:
82074_a_0004089
box 22
Henze, Paul, recounted in a Sig Mickelson sound recording
11 November 1981
Scope and Contents note
This is a sound recording of Sig Mickelson recounting his interview with Henze. Due to the phone recorder malfunctioning and
not recording, the actual interview of Henze was not recorded. Cassette 27. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004186
box 22
Houston, Lawrence, sound recording
11-12 October 1982
Scope and Contents note
The sound quality indicates this interview took place over the telephone. Houston was co-author, National Security Act of
1947; counsel to the Central Intelligence Agency. Cassette 3. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003436
box 22
Kingsley, Nathan, sound recording
15 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Kingsley discusses various aspects of RFE's programming. Kingsley was director of news, Munich, late 1960s; vice president
of public affairs and corporate secretary for RFE/RL, Inc. in Washington, D.C., 1976-82. Cassette 9. Use copy reference number:
82074_a_0003552
box 22
Kruzhin, Peter, sound recording
25 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Kruzhin speaks through an interpreter about Radio Liberty. Cassette 28. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004191
box 22
Lang, Robert E., sound recording
31 May 1981
Scope and Contents note
Lang was the first director of Radio Free Europe, 1949-53. Cassette 29. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004195
box 22
Lester, Jane, sound recording
5 May 1982
Scope and Contents note
This interview concerns a speech made by Senator Clifford Case in 1971 and legislation of that era. Lester was a Free Europe
employee since 1957, assistant to presidents, 1967-82, assistant secretary of RFE/RL Inc. Cassette 11. Use copy reference
number: 82074_a_0003878
box 22
Lindsay, Franklin A., sound recording
February 1983
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 56 consists of a sound recording of Sig Mickelson summarizing interviews with Franklin A. Lindsay and two others.
Cassette 56. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004741
box 22
Lodeesen, Jon, sound recording
22 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
The interview on Cassette 13 concerns Lodeesen's biography, CIA involvement, dealing with politicians in Washington, heading
the Russian service, the three waves of Russian émigrés (post-revolution, WWII-era, and modern-day), administrators at RL,
anti-Semitism, problems with a long-time employee, comparing the news broadcasts of then and now, and RL during the bombing.
In the interview on Cassette 16, Lodeesen discusses the differences between the Radios and how Radio Liberty functions. Topics
include the domination of RFE over RL, difficulty in obtaining information for the Asian services, the tone of the Russian
service, and what the listeners find pleasing and offensive. Lodeesen was a program policy executive at RL Russian Service.
Cassette 13, 16, 28. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003898 and 82074_a_0004051
box 22
Lyon, Samuel, sound recording
18 December 1980
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 21. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004063
box 22
Mahoney, William, sound recording
14-19 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 19. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0000202
box 22
Marrero, Ernesto, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Marrero was a senior executive, Ministry of Communications of Spain; assigned as liaison to RLC, 1957- . Cassette 20. Use
copy reference number: 82074_a_0004060
box 22
Matusevitch, Vladimir, sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
The interview on cassette 13 focuses on the Matusevitch's life story. He recalls how he 'escaped' from the Soviet Union into
Norway, was granted asylum in Denmark, and joined the radio, eventually moving to Munich from the Copenhagen office. On cassette
30 he discusses anti-Semitism in Russia and the Soviet Union, followed by several problems within the Russian service. Matusevitch,
a defector from the USSR, was Radio Liberty correspondent in Copenhagen, managing editor of the Radio Liberty Russian Service,
1973-76, and senior commentator. Cassette 13, 30. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003892 and 82074_a_0004199
box 22
Meyer, Cord, sound recording
13-14 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Meyer was the CIA executive in charge of oversight of Free Europe Inc. and RLC, 1954-71. Cassette 31. Use copy reference number:
82074_a_0004215
box 22
Michalowski, Zy'gmunt, sound recording
18 December 1980
Scope and Contents note
The content of this interview is similar to that covered with Bellus and Szabados, but focuses on Poland instead of Czechoslovakia
or Hungary. Among the topics covered are worker revolt over prices in Poland, process of confirming news validity, news sources,
autonomy of services to add to stories from the central news room, and the influence RFE has in Poland. Michalowski was director,
RFE Polish service, 1975-81. Cassette 4, 26. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003437 and 82074_a_0004089
box 22
Mitchell, John, F. B., Jr., sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Mitchel drafted the articles of incorporation for American committee, 1951; served as general counsel. Cassette 25. Use copy
reference number: 82074_a_0004082
box 22
Monditsch-Dreving, Victoria (Vicky Semenova) , sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Speaking through a male interpreter, Monditsch-Drevine describes her work at Radio Liberation/Liberty. She was Russian service
staff, Radio Liberty, 1952- . Cassette 32. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004325
box 22
Netto, Horacio, sound recording
2 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Netto was chief engineer, Gloria base. He joined RFE in 1951. Cassette 33. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004338
box 22
North, Paul, sound recording
2 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
North describes the work of the base in Portugal and how it worked with Munich and other offices. He was manager, RL base
Playa de Pals, ??-1980, and manager, Portuguese operations of RFE/RL, 1980- . Cassette 33. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004338
box 22
Nowak, Jan, sound recording
14 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
The interview is an in depth conversation about the actions of the Polish service, particularly in the 1950s. Topics covered
include, but are not limited to: a third party broadcasting code messages; the importance of having good employees; the possibility
of Polish liberation in the 1950s; controversial broadcasts by the Polish service and the service's criticism of Polish officials;
the role of RFE as dialog with peoples over public policy; the rivalry between the Munich and New York offices; the impact
of various, notable individuals on RFE; stages of RFE's history; unions; and jamming. Nowak was director of the Polish service,
RFE Munich, 1951-75. Cassette 10. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003553
box 22
Orshansky, Boris, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Orshansky speaks about several topics: life in Russia and experiences in the Russian army, defecting to the West through the
Brandenburg Gate because of what he saw and wanting to escape the dictatorship, joining Radio Liberty, divisions and internal
squabbling within Radio Liberty, religion, and an assassination attempt on his life. Orhansky was a Russian army officer to
1946; first employee of Radio Liberty Russia Service. Cassette 8. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003548
box 22
Ovadia, Susan, sound recording
11 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Ovadia was news service correspondent in Paris. Cassette 34. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004340
box 22
Perreira, Carmen Da Costa, sound recording
1-2 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Perreira was secretary to Raret, Lison, 1951; manager of the Lisbon office, 1975-1981. Comments on the interview are on cassette
39. Cassette 36, 39. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004570 and 82074_a_0004610
box 22
Petrouskienne, Lydia, sound recording
11 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Petrouskienna was administrative manager, Paris office, RFE/RL. Cassette 34. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004340
box 22
Petzall, Horst, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Petrall (Petzall) was [?]ew director, New York office of RFE to 1975. Cassette 38. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004595
box 22
Pforzheimer, Walter, sound recording
7 August 1982
Scope and Contents note
Pforlheimer was legislative counsel for the CIA during the founding of Free Europe Inc. and American Committee for Liberation.
Cassette 25. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004082
box 22
Pinto Basto, Tomas, sound recording
1-2 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Pinto, a Portuguese industrialist, was long time chairman of RARET. Cassette 39. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004610
box 22
Playa de Pals staff, sound recording
8 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Includes seven staff members: Martin Diumenge, manager, accounting staff; Fernando Friol, manager, administrative services;
Alberto Gay, manager, personnel; Francisco Gullon, manager, transmitter department; Andres Llorente, manager, technical support;
Rafael Moreno, chief engineer; and Antonio Reigosa, manager. Cassette 35. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004556
box 22
Poole, A. Russell, sound recording
14-19 June 1981 2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Poole was Director of Administration, RFE/RL Munich. Cassette 19, 37. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0000202 and 82074_a_0004581
box 22
Rahr, Gleb, sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Rahr recounts his biography, family background, Russian immigrants, and his work at the NTS and Radio Liberty. Rahr was a
producer of Russian historical programs at Radio Liberty Munich and a member of the NTS, 1975- . Cassette 30. Use copy reference
number: 82074_a_0004199
box 22
Ralis, Max, sound recording
10 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Ralis was organizer of RL audience research. Cassette 40. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004613
box 22
Rates, Nestor, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Rates was a member of the Romanian service (RFE) staff, Washington. Cassette 41. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004626
box 22
Redlich, Robert, sound recording
14-19 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Topics include: Redlich's biography, including how he joined Radio Liberty on April Fools Day 1957; his supervisors at RL;
the RL administration; transmitting bases; RL's relationship with the press; restrictions on RL; differences between RFE and
RL, including, but not limited to, American citizenry's awareness of RL and lack of labor union difficulties at RL as compared
to RFE; attitude of RL broadcasts over time; Redlich's public speaking about RFE/RL; and RFE/RL's relationship with the German
government. Cassette 15, 19. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0000202 and 82074_a_0003897
box 22
Rehman, Karl, sound recording
1 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Rehman was a defector from CSSR in 1948, and was on the RFE and RFE/RL staff since 1957, primarily in policy positions, including
policy executive, New York production center. Cassette 38, 42. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0004595 and 82074_a_0004627
box 22
Ronalds, Francis F., Jr., sound recording
October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Ronalds joined RL 1953, served successively as news director, correspondent, program director, vice president and executive
director, Munich. Cassette 43. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004635
box 22
Salkazanova, Fatima, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Cassette 34. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004340
box 22
Sargeant, Howland H., sound recording
13 May 1981 30 September 1981 6-11 May 1981 12 October 1982
Scope and Contents note
Sargeant was president, American Committee for Liberation (RLC), 1954-1975. Cassette 44, 45, 46, 47. Use copy reference numbers:
82074_a_0004641, 82074_a_0004643, 82074_a_0004648, and 82074_a_0004655
box 22
Schulz, Waldemar, sound recording
23 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
In this monologue, Schulz describes how he came to work at RFE and the union. He explains why he joined both, his duties in
the union, working conditions at RFE, and how the union advocated for needed insurance and higher pay. Schulz was the head
of RFE unit of German Employees Union, member of Works Council. Cassette 14. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003893
box 22
Sebesta, Ludovic, sound recording
30 September 1981
Scope and Contents note
Sebesta was an adm manager, RFE/RL Czechoslovak service; member, New York production staff; head, Czechoslovak service of
RFE NY. The interview begins on cassette 48 and continues on cassette 42. Cassette 42, 48. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004627
and 82074_a_0004658
box 22
Smith, C. Rodney, Major General, sound recording
13-14 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Smith was vice president of Free Europe, 1959-60, and director, Radio Free Europe, 1960-67. Cassette 31. Use copy reference
number: 82074_a_0004215
box 22
Sosin, Gene, sound recording
14 April 1981 30 September 1981 17 August 1982
Scope and Contents note
Sosin was a Radio Liberty staff member, 1961- ; Radio Liberty executive from American Committee for Liberation founding; senior
member, American Committee for Liberation (RLC) staff from 1961; previously a member of the Institute for Study of USSR. The
interview on cassette 49 concerns the beginning years of Radio Libertation/Liberty through the 1970s, and was recorded on
14 April 1981. Cassette 25, 48, 49. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0004082, 82074_a_0004658 and 82074_a_0004667
box 22
Sultan, Garip, sound recording
25 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Sultan talks about his work. Aspects of the conversation focused on are issues relating to Muslims in the central Asia area,
recruiting employees, and the other central Asian services of RFE/RL. The second side of the cassette is various recordings
of classical/church music. Sultan is a staff member of the Tatar-Bashkir service. Cassette 6. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003546
box 22
Szabados, Josef, sound recording
24 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Mickelson interviews Josef Szabados about his life and work with the Hungarian service of Radio Free Europe. On his biographical
information, Szabados explains how he left Hungary in 1949 and started working at Radio Free Europe in an economic role. He
talks a bit about the Free University. The conversation quickly turns to the Hungarian service. Szabados says he learned his
broadcasting skills while working at RFE, having worked in the general organization before joining a specific language service.
He talks about the challenges and successes of putting together an effective organization. He says the service modifies its
material to appeal to the Hungarian listeners. He describes the quality control process at the service. Szabados left Hungary,
1956; director, RFE Hungarian service, 1974- . Cassette 4. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003437
box 22
Taylor, David, sound recording
2 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Taylor was a member, Audience Research staff, RFE Munich; member, Works Council; executive of ANG unit. Cassette 22. Use copy
reference number: 82074_a_0004074
box 22
Thomas, H. Gregory, sound recording
12 May 1981 February 1983
Scope and Contents note
Thomas was charter director, Free Europe Inc. He negotiated the Portuguese lease and license. Cassette 56 consists of a sound
recording of Sig Mickelson summarizing interviews with Thomas and two others, February 1983. Cassette 50, 56. Use copy reference
number: 82074_a_0004682 and 82074_a_0004741
box 22
Tuck, Robert, sound recording
26 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
Tuck was a long-time member of the RL program staff; member, executive director, nationalities, Russian service, NY office,
etc. Cassette 51. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004689
box 22
Tyszkiewicz, Jansound recording
1 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
Tyszkiewicz was a member, RFE Polish Service; producer of "The Bridge," 1981-82. Cassette 22. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004074
box 22
Urban, George, sound recording
24 June 1981
Scope and Contents note
After recalling Urban's biography, this interview looks at how RFE's reaction to various forms of communism and various topics
informs the impact it has. The Hungarian Revolution, Czech events, what the listener heard, ecology as a broadcast topic,
and CIA involvement are among the topics covered. Urban was a member of RFE Program Service based in London. Cassette 14.
Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0003893
box 22
Van Duyk, Morton, sound recording
16 October 1981
Scope and Contents note
Van Duyk was successively a member RFE news service Munich, correspondent in Brussels, and correspondent in Washington, DC.
He describes the state of journalism at RFE, both when he began and during its growth into a professional news organization.
He also comments on how the American press views RFE journalists. The second side of the tape contains a few CBS news broadcasts.
Cassette 52. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004697
box 22
Walter, Ralph, sound recording
25 June 1981 1 June 1982
Scope and Contents note
The interview on Cassette 17 concerns martial law in Poland and RFE/RL's reaction and coverage thereof, accusations about
moving messages in code to organizations such as Solidarity, funding for RFE/RL (corporate funding, Fulbright, possible Western
European contributions), why people work at RFE and RFE/RL, Hazelhoff (sp?) case, Powell amendment. On cassette 28, Walter
discusses the independence of the radios from politicization and the staffing needs of Radio Liberty. The interview on cassette
53 concerns the change of RFE from an enthusiastic instrument for change into a professional news organization. Walter was
a member of Free Europe staff from 1951; director of RFE, 1967-75; vice president of RFE/RL programs and policy, 1975-78;
executive vice president, 1978-82. Cassette 17, 28, 53. Use copy reference numbers: 82074_a_0003899, 82074_a_0004191, and
82074_a_0004698
box 22
Washburn, Abbott, sound recording
undated
Scope and Contents note
Washburn was executive vice president of the Crusade for Freedom, 1950-1952, and charter member, BIB, 1974-1975. Cassette
54. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004725
box 22
Yurasov, Rudolf, sound recording
13 May 1981
Scope and Contents note
Yurasov was a defector from the USSR, 1946, and a member of the American Committee for Liberation (RLC) staff, 1952- . Cassette
55. Use copy reference number: 82074_a_0004740
box 19
Comptroller general study
1981
box 21
Embassy evaluations and state cables
1976
box 21
Panel review of Polish broadcasts, Z. Brzezinski, William E. Griffith, Korbonski, Montias, Pipes
13 April 1975
box 21
Draft chapter on news not in book
box 23
Box 23
Scope and Contents note
CBS News;
Election coverage, 1960s;
box 24
Box 24
Scope and Contents note
CBS News;
Election coverage, 1960s;
box 25
Box 25
Scope and Contents note
CBS News;
Election coverage, 1960s;
box 26
Box 26
Scope and Contents note
CBS News;
Election coverage, 1960s;
box 27
Box 27
Scope and Contents note
CBS News;
Election coverage, 1960s;
box 28
RFE/RL: Mickelson's retirement as president
box 28
Book project outline and interview notes for dictation
box 29
Ditchley Foundation Conference on Media and Politics
1973
box 30
RFE/RL correspondence
1975-1978
box 31
RFE/RL and BIB publications
box 31
Mickelson memorial service
box 32
Détente through Soviet Eyes, John Scott
1974
box 32
10 years in Soviet Union, Time, and other publications
box 32
RFE Audience Research Reports
box 33
RFE Audience Research Reports
box 33
"War of the Black Heavens," Michael Nelson's draft manuscript