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Guide to the Theodore Wores Papers, 1880-1999
Special Collections M0816
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Table of contents
Title: Theodore Wores Papers,
Date (inclusive): 1880-1999
Collection number: Special Collections M0816
Creator:
Wores, Theodore, 1859-1939.
Extent:
8 linear ft.
Repository:
Stanford University. Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.
Language:
English.
None.
Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights
reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To
obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the
Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.
Gift of Dr. A. Jess Shenson, 1996.
[Identification of item], Theodore Wores Papers, M0816, Dept. of Special
Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.
If the measure of a painter is the number of times that he or she has been shown, then Theodore Wores ranks higher today than
any of his critics would have imagined. From the time that he became an acknowledged professional in his art in the 1880s,
Wores' has been shown with relative frequency throughout the intervening years.
Born in 1859 in San Francisco, Wores was indulged in his talent by perceptive parents who enrolled him in the San Francisco
Art Association's School of Design so that he could study art under Virgil Williams, a well-known San Francisco artist of
the period. In 1874, the young Wores had advanced in his art so far that his parents sent the sixteen-year-old to study at
the Royal Academy in Munich. Munich in 1974 was the rival of Paris as the art capital of Europe, with young artistic aspirants
flocking to the German city owing to the shambles existing in the French capital as a result of the Franco-Prussian War. So
many Americans came to Munich to study art that they formed the American Art Students Club of Munich. Among the membership
of this club were William Keith, Toby Rosenthal, William Merritt
Chase, and Frank Duveneck. The courtly Wores, with his keen gray eyes, shortly fell under the spell of Duveneck and his theories.
A cadre of students, including Wores, Duveneck, Orrin Peck, John White Alexander, Frank Currier, Joseph Henry Sharp, and Julius
Rolshoven, lived in a small village outside the city, and, when not in class, ate together, traveled throughout Germany and
Italy on painting junkets, and shared their artistic discoveries.
Munich taught the young Wores "to paint with oil pigments-creating a neutral ground on which to record a basically realistic
formal interpretation of model, still life, or scene.By working up to light and down to dark, a schematic value relationship
was quickly established. " In Munich, this was the "virtual end of the painting.a monochromatic essay in technical virtuosity."
Hallmarks of the Munich style were realistic observation and alla prima painting.
But Wores broke away from this realism and its "unified color." He abandoned the brown, black, and white effects of the Munich
School for a "brilliatnt, high-keyed color technique, which, though they had never met is said to be often close to Van Gogh's
highly personal use of alla prima painting. Wores, under the influence of Frank Duveneck's enthusiasm for plein aire painting,
created his own personal and fresh version, using color to represent sunlight and shadow and, particularly, to adopt Duveneck's
theory that the genuine foundation for a painting was the brush work, and not the charcoal or pencil drawing of a draughtsman.
The painter, if necessary, could make rough outlines, "but preferably cover the canvas directly with paint, boldly blocking
in the large masses."
Wores returned to San Francisco after six years in Munich, and established his studio in the heart of downtown. Exhibitions
of his work followed and so did prizes, commission, and triumphant reviews. To his other subjects, he added a series of very
well-received renditions of scenes in San Francisco's Chinatown. His popularity led to his election to the Bohemian Club,
San Francisco's exclusive club for professional men.
With his reputation now firmly established, as well as his bank account, Wores, who had met James Whistler in Venice in 1879,
now took Whistler's advice and packed up his paint box, palette, and easel and sailed for Japan. The pictures that came out
of his sojourn in the Orient were among his most sought after. Back in San Francisco in 1894, Wores added commissioned portraits
to his other subjects. Before long, through exhibitions and sales, his coffers grew healthy. The habit of leaving the studio
for painting trips in the open had stuck with him from his Munich days, and now he added landscapes to his painting talents.
A painting trip to Hawaii and Samoa brought profitable shows in San Francisco, Boston, and New York. Next on his itinerary
was Spain, where he discovered "the sort of subject I have been searching for for years. I had thought I had found it in Japan
and Samoa. But these scenes all dwindle away in comparison with the beauty and picturesqueness of this place."
Again back in San Francisco, Wores was in line for three momentous events. He was in Los Angeles, having brought a number
of his paintings to that city for an exhibition, when he learned about the San Francisco earthquake of April 1906. Rushing
back to San Francisco, he found that his family's home as well as his studio and all it contained had been lost. This blow
was somewhat assuaged by his being appointed Dean of his old school, the San Francisco Art Association's School of Design,
which was now associated with the University of California. Wores remained dean for seven years, during which the third great
event in his life took place. In 1910, he married the attractive Miss Carolyn Bauer, whom he had met when she came to sit
for her portrait the year before their marriage.
Theodore and Carolyn, who remained childless, led an elegant and unfettered life, filled with travel and society activities.
For Theodore, it was a heady time, moving in the rarefied circles of the Bohemian Club in New York, being invited to exhibit
across the country, and hobnobbing with the elite from West to East.
The travel bug persisted, and Wores resigned his deanship in 1913, and was once more on the road with his brush and palette.
Sometimes Carolyn accompanied Theodore, other times he traveled alone. For several years in the mid-1900s, Wores painted in
the Canadian Rockies in spring, in the Indian lands of the Southwest in the fall, in Chicago and New York in winter, and in
California in summer, catching the lush valleys of northern California in full bloom. From 1918 on, these "blossom paintings"
dominated his work.
The couple left San Francisco in 1926, to move to remote Saratoga, some fifty miles outh, at the foot of California's Coastal
Range, in the heart of his beloved blossom land. The move occurred the day after Wores publicly announced his philosophic
aversion to what was termed "modern art" (Cubism and Futurism), which was causing a fundamental upheaval in artistic circles.
"It is a disease," he told reporters, "the weird grotesque daubs that a so called new school is trying to foist on the public
are anything but artistic." "I shall live," he said, "in recollection of the golden days when I roamed through art capitals
of the world. And I shall remember the hideous monstrosities of cubism and futurism only as fantastic nightmares of the past."
This outburst drew bad press for Wores, as the newspapers, ever ready to foment a scrap, published retorts by two art professors
at the University of California, and the dean of the San Francisco School of Fine Art. But Wores had said his piece. He was
now seventy years old, and his best work was behind him.
Theodore and Carolyn remained in Saratoga for thirteen years, until he could no longer paint because the sight in those once
keen gray eyes was failing. In early 1939, the couple returned to San Francisco, where Theodore died quietly at home on September
11,1939, in his eightieth year.
Today, art historians vary in their summation of Wores' contribution to art. It was true that he absorbed the dark, realistic
style of Munich, but it is also true that he attempted with some considerable success to break out of the unbroken somberness
to bring into his paintings, especially the landscapes, a brilliance fueled by vivid color. Some consider him merely a workaday
artistic craftsman, others regard Wores as a forerunner of painting directly on the canvas, in plein aire, and of bringing
the "dominant strategies of Impressionism into northern California," well before any other painters.
The Theodore Wores Collection contains material especially pertinent to the painter's career in art. A relatively small amount
of correspondence is organized by decade, from 1880 to 1939 (1880-1909, 1910-1919, 1920-1929, 1930-1939). The rest of the
Collection includes exhibit catalogs (1973-1999), a biography of Wores that accompanied an exhibit in 1968-1969, a few magazine
articles by Wores, two albums of photographs of the artist's oriental paintings, framed photographs of the painter's studio
in San Francisco, photographic portraits of Wores, a considerable collection of reviews and other publicity, including the
controversy over his pronouncements on Cubism and Futurism. In addition, a map case file (97-20l.1) contains photographs,
prints, and mounted news clippings, mainly relating to his residence (l926-1939) in Saratoga, California. The painter's palette
and paint box complete the Collection.
Beatty, J.W. (John William), 1869-1941.
Damrosch, Walter, 1862-1950.
Duveneck, Frank, 1848-1919.
Gray, Percy, 1869-1952.
Keith, William, 1938-1911.
Monroe, Harriet, 1860-1936.
Peck, Orrin.
Peters, Charles Rollo.
Phelan, James D. (James Duval), 1861-1937.
Root, Elihu, 1845-1937.
Russell, Ida.
Lewis, Agnes Smith, 1843-1950.
Trowbridge, Alexander Buell, 1868-1950.
Art, Modern--20th century--United States.