Between 1931 and 1936 UE formed independently of the American Federation of
Labor (AFL) and other established craft unions. The primary figures in UE's leadership were
General-President Albert J. Fitzgerald, Secretary-General Julis Emspak and the Director of
Organization James J. Matles. UE functioned under the new formed Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO). UE was the first union chartered in a mass production industry outside
the AFL. In 1937 UE changed it's name from United Electrical and Radio Workers of
America to United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America. By an act of the UE
International convention, Local 1412 was chartered on June 3, 1938 to "organize the
unorganized"
1 in the Bay Area. Local 1412 adopted its Constitution and By-laws on October
28, 1949. Headquartered in Oakland, California, Local 1412 "collectively persued an
aggressive struggle"
2 to protect its members and shops from the organized forces of the
employers.