Description
A collection of films showing the construction and operation of the 200-inch Hale Telescope at Palomar Observatory, Palomar
Mountain, California. This instrument was the world's largest effective telescope for 45 years (1948-1993). The collection
includes footage of the transportation, grinding and polishing of the 200-inch mirror on the campus of the California Institute
of Technology. A small portion of this material has been transferred to video tape and digitized from tape to DVD.
Background
Palomar Observatory is located in San Diego County, California, 90 miles (140 km) southeast of Pasadena's Mount Wilson Observatory,
in the Palomar Mountain Range. At approximately 5,570 feet (1,700 m) elevation, it is owned and operated by the California
Institute of Technology. Research time is granted to Caltech's faculty and staff members and to research partners, which include
the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Cornell University. The 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope is the principal instrument at
the Palomar Observatory. It was built by Caltech with a 6-million dollar grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. The historic
200-inch mirror was manufactured using a Pyrex blank by Corning Glass Works, in Corning, New York, and was shipped by rail
to Pasadena for grinding and polishing. It was the vision and effort of the astronomer George Ellery Hale that caused the
project to be funded and to go forward. The building of the 200-inch telescope was easily the most famous scientific undertaking
of the 1930s. From the beginning, everyone associated with the project realized that the work must be done right or not at
all. Every task associated with the Palomar project required a considerable extension of the technology of the day. In an
article in the April 1928 issue of Harper's Magazine, George Hale set forth the case for the building of what was to become
the 200-inch Palomar reflector. The purpose of this article was to inform the American public about his proposal to construct
the largest telescope in the world to answer questions relating to the fundamental nature of the universe. Hale hoped that
the American people would understand and support his project. George Ellery Hale died in 1938 and did not live to see the
completion of his last and biggest telescope. In June 1948 the 200-inch reflector was dedicated to his memory. The telescope
(the largest in the world at that time) saw first light on January 26, 1949, targeting NGC 2261. Russell W. Porter was primarily
responsible for the striking Art Deco architecture of the Observatory's buildings, most notably the dome of the 200-inch Hale
telescope. Porter was also responsible for much of the technical design of the telescope, producing a series of remarkable
cross-section engineering drawings that are considered among the finest examples of such work. Porter worked on the designs
in collaboration with many engineers and Caltech committee members. The iconic, gleaming white building on Palomar Mountain
that houses the 200-inch Hale telescope is considered by many to be "The Cathedral of Astronomy."
Extent
10 black and white 16mm film reels; 43 color 16mm film reels; 1 black and white 35mm reel; 19 video tapes and 1 DVD (VHS,
Beta SP, Beta PAL, DVD formats)
Restrictions
Copyright may not have been assigned to the California Institute of Technology Archives. All requests for permission to publish
or quote from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Caltech Archivist. Permission for publication is given on behalf
of the California Institute of Technology Archives as the owner of the physical items and, unless explicitly stated otherwise,
is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader.
Availability
The collection is open for research. Researchers must apply in writing for access.