Inventory of the Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. Records
Processed by Genevieve Troka and California State Archives staff; Inventory prepared by Genevieve Troka
California State Archives
1020 "O" Street
Sacramento, California 95814
Phone: (916) 653-2246
Fax: (916) 653-7363
Email: archivesweb@sos.ca.gov
URL: http://www.sos.ca.gov/archives/
© 2009
California Secretary of State. All rights reserved.
Inventory of the Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. Records
Collection number: C134
California State Archives
Office of the Secretary of State
Sacramento, California
- Processed by:
- Genevieve Troka and the California State Archives staff; Inventory prepared by Genevieve Troka
- Date Completed:
- December 2009
- Encoded by:
- Genevieve Troka
© 2009 California Secretary of State. All rights reserved.
Descriptive Summary
Title: Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. Records
Dates: 1933-1974
Collection number: C134
Creator:
Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc.
Collection Size:
178 cubic feet
Repository:
California State Archives
Abstract: Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. was the country's first political campaign management firm. The company's records document
their state, local and national political campaigns as well as work for various public relations clients spanning the 1933
to 1974 time period. Also included are records of the company's wire service, the California Feature Service, 1944-1974.
Physical location: California State Archives
Languages:
Languages represented in the collection:
English
Administrative Information
Access
Collection is open for research.
Publication Rights
For permission to reproduce or publish, please contact the California State Archives. Permission for reproduction or publication
is given on behalf of the California State Archives as the owner of the physical items. The researcher assumes all responsibility
for possible infringement which may arise from reproduction or publication of materials from the California State Archives
collections.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. Records, C134.[series number], [box and folder number], California
State Archives, Office of the Secretary of State, Sacramento, California.
Acquisition and Custodial History
The California State Archives acquired the Records of Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. through a donation.
Administrative History
Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns Inc., the country's first political campaign management firm, was founded in 1933 by business
partners (later husband and wife) Clem Whitaker, Sr. and Leone Baxter. Although operating under the name Campaigns Inc., the
company was not actually incorporated until 1950. Corporate filings at that time show Clem Whitaker, Sr., Leone Baxter and
Howard Hassard (the firm's attorney) as Directors of the company. The company's principal office was located in San Francisco
but temporary offices were opened in other cities as required including Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington, D.C.
While the company's primary activity was managing campaigns for candidates and ballot measures, they also handled public relations
for various corporate clients such as Pacific Gas and Electric Co., Western Pacific Railroad, and Utah Construction Co. among
others. Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns Inc. also included under its umbrella the California Feature Service and the Whitaker
& Baxter Advertising Agency. The Feature Service was a newspaper wire service and public relations vehicle providing articles,
editorials and cartoons to about 300 California newspapers.
With Clem Whitaker, Sr. in failing health, he and Leone Baxter sold the firm to son Clem Whitaker, Jr. and partners James
Dorais and Newton Stearns in 1958. The elder Whitaker and his wife then founded Whitaker & Baxter International, a public
relations consulting firm headquartered in the Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco. Leone Baxter continued to run this company
after her husband's death in 1961.
Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns Inc. was most closely associated with Republican candidates and conservative political issues.
A few measures like their very first campaign against P.G.& E. (Prop. 1, 1933), a ballot measure to establish the civil service
system (Prop. 1, 1936), and a measure to increase teacher salaries (Prop. 3, 1946) are among the few exceptions.
The firm handled many ballot measure campaigns (most of them initiatives) including the well-known Ham and Eggs pension plans
from the 1930s through the 1950s, efforts to redraw State Senate district boundaries on the basis of population, anti-labor
union measures such as those prohibiting picketing and "featherbedding", and several propositions favoring large oil companies.
Among the candidates whose political campaigns were managed by Whitaker & Baxter, Earl Warren, Goodwin Knight and Richard
Nixon are probably the most significant. The firm helped elect Earl Warren to his first term as Governor but had a falling
out with him late in the campaign and never worked with him again. They ran Goodwin Knight's successful campaigns for Lieutenant
Governor and Governor, and were involved in his failed run for the U.S. Senate. Whitaker & Baxter were also in charge of Richard
Nixon's presidential campaign in his home state of California where he prevailed despite losing the overall election to Kennedy.
Whitaker & Baxter were well established and successful at the state level when they were tapped in 1949 for their first national
campaign representing the American Medical Association in their fight against President Harry Truman's national health insurance
plan. Later in 1965, the firm again became involved in a campaign at the national level, this one in support of efforts to
pass an amendment to the U.S. Constitution in response to a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision requiring that state legislative
districts be based on population ("one man, one vote").
Throughout all this, the firm was continuously involved with local politics in San Francisco - both candidates and ballot
measures. Mayoral campaigns included those of Roger Lapham, Elmer Robinson, and Harold Dobbs. Their ballot measure work included
an anti-picketing ordinance (for), efforts by the city to create a public power system (against), a bond measure to fund expansion
of the de Young Museum (for), and numerous measures relating to city garbage collection (for). They also represented the interests
of local developers - in particular, the Utah Construction Company in their campaigns to develop tideland areas of the San
Francisco Bay.
Clem Whitaker, Sr.
Born in Tempe, Arizona on May 1, 1899, Clement Sherman Whitaker was the son of a Baptist minister. His uncle, Robert Whitaker,
was also a Baptist minister as well as a well-known socialist who was active in the American Civil Liberties Union and a friend
of Upton Sinclair.
Clem Whitaker's career as a journalist began with a brief stint at the Willits
News at age 13. Later he moved to Sacramento and began writing for the Sacramento
Union before he reached 18. He spent a short period serving in the Army during World War I and returned to journalism at the Sacramento
Union where at 19 he became city editor. By age 21 he was a political writer for the San Francisco
Examiner. In 1921, he founded the Capitol News Bureau providing political news to about 80 newspapers statewide. By 1930, he had sold
this business to United Press.
His experience as a political reporter led to his involvement in lobbying activities; he lobbied successfully for legislation
to establish the State Board of Barber Examiners and unsuccessfully to pass legislation banning capital punishment. His lobbying
efforts brought him to the attention of lawyer Sheridan Downey (later U.S. Senator from California) who was organizing a campaign
to defeat a referendum concerning the Central Valley Project. Downey invited both Whitaker and Leone Baxter to take part,
which led to the creation of their campaign management firm in 1933.
Clem Whitaker was married twice - first to Harriet Reynolds in Sacramento with whom he had three children, Clem, Jr., Milton
and Patricia. He was separated from his first wife in 1935 and married his second wife, Leone Baxter, in 1938. In 1961, he
died in San Francisco of a respiratory ailment at age 62.
Leone Baxter
Much less is known about Leone Baxter. She was born November 20, 1906, in Kelso, Washington according to her Social Security
application. She wrote for the Portland
Oregonian and was married and widowed before the age of 28. At some point, she moved to Redding, California, where she got a job promoting
a water carnival for the Chamber of Commerce. She became manager of the Chamber in 1929, and it was in this capacity that
she became involved in the Central Valley Project referendum campaign. Because of its proximity and potential economic impact,
the CVP (including the Shasta Dam) was of particular interest to the City of Redding and its Chamber of Commerce. Baxter was
co-founder of Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns Inc. in 1933; she and Clem Whitaker were married in 1938. She died near San Francisco
in 2001 at the age of 95.
Clem Whitaker, Jr.
Clem Whitaker, Jr. was born Aug. 30, 1922, in Sacramento. He was Clem Whitaker, Sr.'s oldest son by his first wife, Harriet
Reynolds Whitaker and grew up in Sacramento attending local public schools. His parents separated when he was 13. While still
in high school, he worked for both the Sacramento
Union and Sacramento
Bee.
He attended the University of California, Berkeley majoring in Economics but did not graduate. In 1943, his education was
interrupted by service in the U.S. Army Air Corp as a fighter pilot. He joined his father's firm in 1946 after he was discharged
becoming a partner in the business by 1950. He purchased the company from his father in 1958.
Later he was chairman of the board of the Wye Energy Group, president of the San Francisco Opera Foundation, a wine connoisseur,
and active in many charitable causes. He was married twice and had a daughter and stepdaughter. He died at age 77 in 1999.
Scope and Content
The Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns, Inc. records span the years 1933 to 1974 and contain approximately 165 cubic feet of textual
records, as well as 13 cubic feet of audiovisual materials, such as audiotapes, motion picture film, and videotapes. Boxes
1-36 are fully processed while boxes 51-198 are partially processed. The collection is organized into six series, the largest
and most significant of which is Series 1 Campaign Files containing project files for both political campaigns and public
relations work.
Whitaker & Baxter are often described as the inventors of modern political campaign management or "government by public relations"
as Carey McWilliams wrote (1). A California State Federation of Labor leaflet from 1956 aptly described Whitaker & Baxter's
specialty as "piloting a politician or an idea into the snug harbor of public acceptance" (2). The firm's extensive records
trace the development and evolution of political campaign management and provide a window into the inner workings of the firm.
The records also span a time period during which the role of the media in political campaigns greatly expanded, and tools
such as polling and mass mailing came into broader use.
By far the most voluminous files belong to the costly campaign against government health insurance funded by the American
Medical Association from 1949-1952, and at the state level by the California Medical Association. Some of these files are
included in the Campaign Files series, but the bulk are financial records and are part of the Accounting Files series. Another
significant part of the firm's records document the Whitaker & Baxter's involvement in a campaign at the national level to
amend the U.S. Constitution in response to a U.S. Supreme Court decision requiring the reapportionment of state legislatures
on the basis of population.
Of particular interest are the campaign files relating to various ballot measures including the Central Valley Project referendum
(Prop. 1, 1933), numerous Ham and Eggs government pension measures (Prop. 1, 1939, Prop. 2, 1949, Prop. 10-11, 1952, Prop.
4, 1954), a measure to prohibit "featherbedding" (railroad staffing levels, Prop. 3, 1948), State Senate reapportionment (Prop.
13, 1948, Prop. 15, 1960, Prop. 23, 1962), an oil conservation measure proposed by oil companies (Prop. 4, 1956), and a constitutional
revision resulting in a full-time legislature (Prop. 1A, 1966).
The firm's largest and most significant campaigns for political candidates are well documented and include several for Goodwin
Knight (Lt. Governor, 1946; Governor, 1954; Governor and U.S. Senate 1958), Earl Warren's first gubernatorial campaign in
1942, and the California portion of Richard Nixon's 1960 presidential campaign.
On the local level, records of the San Francisco mayoral campaigns of Roger Lapham (1946 recall attempt), Elmer Robinson (1947,
1951), and Harold Dobbs (1963) can be found. Also, the records of numerous local ballot measure campaigns in San Francisco
(and a few other Bay Area communities) are spread throughout the collection and include such issues as garbage collection,
electric utilities, museum expansion, and an early attempt to establish regional government. Their work on behalf of local
developers - particularly, the Utah Construction Co. and its development of Bay Farm Island in the 1950's - is well represented.
Also included are records of Whitaker & Baxter's public relations work for such corporate clients as Pacific Gas & Electric,
various railroads, local developers, the 1956 Republican National Convention in San Francisco, Trojan Powder Co., San Francisco
Bar Pilots, Westborough Homes, and others.
Notes: (1) Carey McWilliams, "Government by Whitaker & Baxter",
The Nation (April 14 and 21, 1951). (2) Oil Conservation Measure, Yes on Proposition 4, 1956. Records of Whitaker & Baxter Campaigns,
Inc., C134.1.66.
Related Material
Clement Sherman Whitaker, Jr., Oral History Interview, conducted 1988-1989 by Gabrielle Morris, Regional Oral History Office,
University of California, Berkeley. State Government Oral History Program, California State Archives, OH 90-9.
Whitaker & Baxter International Records, c.1958-1992, BANC MSS 93/103, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
Indexing Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in
the library's online public access catalog.
Whitaker, Clem, Sr.
Baxter, Leone
Whitaker, Clem, Jr.
Whitaker, Clement Sherman, 1922-1999
Knight, Goodwin, 1896-1970
Campaign management
C134.1, Box 1-36, 51-66, 72-90, 95B-109, 113, 184-198
Series 1
Campaign Files
1933-1972
Physical Description: 102 cubic feet
Arrangement
Files are arranged chronologically by date of campaign.
Scope and Content Note
The campaign files include records of actual political campaigns and records of the firm's public relations work. At times
their projects were a blend of both aimed at influencing legislation or elected officials such as their campaigns at the state
and national levels regarding government health insurance and their work on the behalf of developers.
A plan of campaign file is often found which describes the overall strategy, themes, and organization of the campaign. Organization
files reveal the firm's tightly controlled use of support groups to convey the campaign's message through scripted presentations
or distribution of campaign literature. Media or press department files demonstrate the roll of radio, television, and newspapers,
in particular. Also included are numerous examples of campaign advertising such as brochures, leaflets, signs, photographs
of billboards and other campaign advertising, buttons, theater slides, and bumper stickers. Polls and surveys are present
for most campaigns as well. Budget and fundraising records seem to be largely absent.
A detailed list of folders is available in Appendix A in Additional Series Information.
Additional Series Information
C134.1.1, Box 1/1-Box 1/4
Subseries 1
Central Valley Project Association, Yes on Proposition 1 Files
1933-1938
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter were retained to help defeat Proposition 1, of the Dec. 19, 1933 special election, a PG&E sponsored referendum
aimed at striking down recent legislation which would establish Central Valley Project. This was the firm's first campaign.
Measure passed.
Records include finance reports of campaign receipts and expenditures, background information regarding the Central Valley
Project, Central Valley Project Association, and California Water Project Authority.
C134.1.2, Box 1/5-Box 1/8
Subseries 2
George Hatfield for Lieutenant Governor Files
1934
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This was the firm's first campaign on behalf of a candidate. George Hatfield, a prominent Republican, defeated Sheridan Downey,
a Democrat.
Records include speeches, campaign receipts and expenditures, newspaper advertising, and a poll.
C134.1.3, Box 1/9
Subseries 3
Civil Service Amendment, Yes on Proposition 1 File
1936
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Initiative sought to establish a system of civil service in state government with employment based on merit. It also proposed
the creation of a State Personnel Board and was sponsored by the California State Employees Association. Measure passed.
Records include newspaper advertising, financial reports, background data, theater slides, and press releases.
C134.1.4, Box 1/10
Subseries 4
Fred Stewart for Board of Equalization File
1934
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented Fred Stewart, the Republican incumbent, who defeated Pete Garcia, a Communist, in a landslide victory.
Records include correspondence and campaign advertising.
C134.1.5, Box 1/11-Box 1/13
Subseries 5
No on Single Tax, No on Proposition 1 Files
1936
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Short-lived initiative that was removed from the ballot by the California Supreme Court for using a misleading title. The
measure would have abolished sales tax and substituted certain property taxes. Measure failed.
Records include county committee lists (officers and members of county units of the California Association Against the "Single
Tax"), financial information, and newspaper advertising.
C134.1.6, Box 1/14-Box 1/21
Subseries 6
Diesel Tax, No on Proposition 10 Files
1936
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative sought to prevent the diversion of gas tax monies for non-highway purposes and would have effectively reduced
taxes on diesel fuels. Measure failed.
Records include campaign organization, endorsements, newspaper clippings, editorials, press releases, background data, campaign
literature, and opposition statements.
C134.1.7, Box 1/22
Subseries 7
Anti-Picketing Ordinance, Yes on Proposition 8 File
1937
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Proposed local measure in San Francisco would have prohibited picketing by union members. Measure failed.
Records include sample pamphlets.
C134.1.8, Box 1/23-Box 1/26
Subseries 8
George Hatfield for Governor Files
1938
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm again represented George Hatfield, Republican Lt. Governor, in his bid for higher office. Unfortunately, this time
Hatfield lost in the primary to incumbent Governor Frank Merriam who eventually was defeated in the general election by Democrat
Culbert Olson.
Records include campaign receipts and expenditures, press releases, leaflets, form letters, and speeches.
C134.1.9, Box 1/27-Box 1/31
Subseries 9
Walter Scott Franklin for Lieutenant Governor Files
1938
Physical Description: 5 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter candidates continued to perform poorly in 1938 with Republican Walter Scott Franklin losing in the general
election to Democrat Ellis E. Patterson.
Records include campaign letters and leaflets, newspaper advertising, speeches, press releases, and opposition information.
C134.1.10, Box 1/32-Box 1/38
Subseries 10
Garrison Bond Act, No on Proposition 13 Files
1938
Physical Description: 7 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This ballot measure was a referendum on an act passed by the Legislature which provided for financing of public improvement
projects using project revenues rather than taxes. Major contributors to this campaign were private utility companies Southern
California Edison and Pacific Gas & Electric. Measure failed.
Records include organizational information, background data, campaign literature, newspaper advertising, speeches, and theater
advertising.
C134.1.11, Box 1/39-Box 1/40
Subseries 11
No on Single Tax, No on Proposition 20 Files
1938
Physical Description: 2 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative, similar to Proposition 1, 1936 (see subseries C134.1.5), would have abolished sales tax and most other types
of taxes in favor of taxes on land value. Measure failed.
Records include campaign budget, newspaper clippings, campaign literature and a photograph of a display.
C134.1.12, Box 1/41-Box 1/44
Subseries 12
Atkinson Oil Bill, Yes on Proposition 5 Files
1939
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Another referendum on a legislative act which would have created a commission to control oil production in California. Measure
failed.
Records include financial information, suggested editorials and materials for editors, and newspaper clippings.
C134.1.13, Box 1/45-Box 1/51
Subseries 13
Ham and Eggs, No on Proposition 1 Files
1938-1940
Physical Description: 7 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative on the 1939 special elections ballot was the second attempt at establishing a pension plan for elderly Californians.
It would have supported $30.00/week payments with a 3% income tax. The earlier measure was Proposition 25 on the November
1938 ballot. Measure failed.
Records include campaign literature, publicity files, background information, and opposition campaign literature (including
Ham and Eggs newspapers).
C134.1.14, Box 1/52-Box 2/5
Subseries 14
Wendell Willkie-Charles McNary (Presidential Campaign) Files
1940
Physical Description: 7 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter appeared to have coordinated advertising for the Northern California Willkie-McNary Campaign Committee but
otherwise played a limited role in this campaign. These candidates lost to the Democratic ticket of Franklin Roosevelt and
Henry Wallace.
Records include anti-New Deal publications, speaker's manual, speeches by and for Willkie, press releases, newspaper advertising,
campaign literature, and billboard advertising.
C134.1.15, Box 2/6-Box 2/8
Subseries 15
Citizens Economy Bloc Files
1940
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented this group that was formed to oppose any and all increases in State taxes. Members included George Hatfield,
Assemblyman Sam Yorty, Senator John Phillips, Assemblyman Hubert Scudder, and others.
Records include press releases and radio speeches.
C134.1.16, Box 2/9
Subseries 16
William Menzel for State Senate File
1940
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter conducted an unsuccessful write-in campaign for Menzel, a candidate for the State Senate in the 5th Senate
District located in Northern California.
Records include campaign materials.
C134.1.17, Box 2/10-Box 2/14
Subseries 17
Dry Wine Campaign Files
1941
Physical Description: 5 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm conducted this public relations and marketing campaign, an example of their ongoing advertising agency activities.
Their client was the California Central Coast Counties Dry Wine Association, a dry wine grower-vintner cooperative.
Records include press releases, background materials, and financial data.
C134.1.18, Box 2/15-Box 2/16
Subseries 18
Fusion Candidates Files
1941
Physical Description: 2 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented a multi-partisan group of five candidates for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.
Records include campaign materials.
C134.1.19, Box 2/17-Box 2/28
Subseries 19
Hetch Hetchy, No on Charter Amendment 1 Files
1940-1941
Physical Description: 12 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm campaigned in opposition to a San Francisco local ballot measure that would permit issuance of bonds to purchase
the Pacific Gas & Electric Company's local power distribution system or create a new public system. Measure failed.
Records include petitions, endorsements, campaign literature, radio spots, opposition speeches (including those by Harold
Ickes), and background information.
C134.1.20, Box 2/29-Box 2/35
Subseries 20
Income Tax Repeal, Yes on Proposition 4 Files
1942
Physical Description: 7 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative would have repealed the state income tax. Measure failed.
Records include petitions, correspondence, background information, press releases, form letters, and campaign literature.
C134.1.21, Box 3/1-Box 3/28
Subseries 21
Earl Warren for Governor Files
1942
Physical Description: 28 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter handled publicity and promotion for Earl Warren's first gubernatorial campaign. Warren ran a largely non-partisan
campaign defeating incumbent Democratic Governor Culbert Olson. The firm had a falling out with Warren late in the campaign
and was not tapped to run his later campaigns.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, files concerning various organizations (women, veterans, Democrats), photographs,
billboard advertising, radio broadcast schedules, press releases, form letters, polls, background information, campaign issue
files, and speeches.
C134.1.22, Box 3/29-Box 3/31
Subseries 22
George Reilly for Mayor Files
1943
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented Democrat George Reilly, a member of the State Board of Equalization, in his unsuccessful race for Mayor
of San Francisco. Republican Roger Lapham was the victor.
Records include campaign organization and labor support.
C134.1.23, Box 3/32-Box 3/38
Subseries 23
Justus Craemer for U.S. Senate Files
1944
Physical Description: 7 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Justus Craemer, a Republican member of the California Public Utilities Commission, lost his bid for the U.S. Senate in the
primary. Fred Howser won the Republican nomination but eventually lost to Democrat Sheridan Downey in the general election.
Records include radio speeches, campaign pamphlets, newspaper advertising, and files on opponents Downey and Howser.
C134.1.24, Box 3/39-Box 3/40
Subseries 24
Dewey-Bricker Taskforce Files
1944
Physical Description: 2 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm handled some state-level advertising for the Thomas Dewey and John Bricker Republican presidential ticket. Dewey-Bricker
lost to Democrats Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman.
Records include files on Dewey and Bricker.
C134.1.25, Box 3/41-Box 3/43
Subseries 25
Better Schools, Yes on Proposition 9 Files
1944
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative increased state financial support for schools. Measure passed.
Records include campaign bulletins, plan of campaign, and newspaper advertising schedule.
C134.1.26, Box 3/44-Box 3/47
Subseries 26
Earl Lee Kelly for Governor Files
1945
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Earl Lee Kelly, a Republican investment banker and former Director of the California Dept. of Public Works, was an early challenger
to incumbent Governor Earl Warren. His candidacy was short-lived, however. Republican Party officials pressured him to withdraw
in favor of uniting behind Warren's re-election bid.
Records include cartoons, speeches, and press releases.
C134.1.27, Box 3/48
Subseries 27
Hartley Peart for U.S. Senate File
1946
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter assisted San Francisco attorney Hartley Peart in his unsuccessful write-in campaign against incumbent William
Knowland.
C134.1.28, Box 3/49-Box 4/5
Subseries 28
Goodwin Knight for Lieutenant Governor Files
1946
Physical Description: 6 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Goodwin Knight, a Los Angeles Superior Court judge, made his first bid for statewide office in 1946, defeating Democratic
State Senator Jack Shelley. Whitaker & Baxter would later run his campaign for Governor and the U.S. Senate (see below).
Records include form letters, newspaper ads, press releases, photographs, and opposition files.
C134.1.29, Box 4/6-Box 4/13
Subseries 29
Greyhound Racing, Yes on Proposition 2 Files
1946
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative would have allowed greyhound racing and taxed wagers for the benefit of veterans. Measure failed.
Records include petition, ballot arguments, endorsements, billboard advertising, form letters, newspaper ads, pamphlets and
literature, photographs (including celebrities Fred Astaire and Nina Warren with greyhounds), and opposition information.
C134.1.30, Box 4/14-Box 4/18
Subseries 30
Against (San Francisco Mayor) Roger Lapham Recall Files
1946
Physical Description: 5 file folders
Scope and Content Note
San Francisco Mayor Roger Lapham was subject to a recall attempt partly due to his approval of a trolley fare increase. Recall
failed.
Records include form letters, press and radio files, speeches, polls, and correspondence.
C134.1.31, Box 4/19-Box 4/21
Subseries 31
Tax Court, Yes on Proposition 5 Files
1946
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
A constitutional amendment originating in the Legislature, this measure would have established a tax court to handle appellate
cases concerning taxation issues. Measure failed.
Records include campaign pamphlets, ballot arguments, and newspaper ads.
C134.1.32, Box 4/22-Box 4/30
Subseries 32
Scavengers, Yes on Proposition 16 Files
1946
Physical Description: 9 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This was a San Francisco local measure that would have allowed the city to regulate garbage collection companies and raise
collection fees. Measure failed.
Records include campaign media, correspondence, thank-you letters, background data, surveys, and newspaper clippings.
C134.1.33, Box 4/31-Box 4/37
Subseries 33
School Initiative, Yes on Proposition 3 Files
1946
Physical Description: 9 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative increased teacher salaries and education funding. Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, ballot argument, endorsements, form letters, campaign pamphlets, billboard advertising,
and newspaper ads.
C134.1.34, Box 4/38-Box 6/8
Subseries 34
California Medical Association Files
1945-1949
Physical Description: 50 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter were hired by the California Medical Association to help defeat several proposals made by Governor Earl
Warren to create state health insurance plans. They convinced the CMA that they couldn't "beat something with nothing" and
that they needed to offer a positive alternative. This lead to a significant expansion of the CMA's California Physicians
Service, a private health insurance plan, which later became Blue Shield. As a result of their success in this campaign, they
were later hired by the American Medical Association to use their proven techniques against President Harry Truman's health
insurance plans on the federal level.
Records include CMA organization files and minutes, legislative bills, speeches, correspondence, surveys, background information
on other health insurance plans, campaign materials, press releases, newspaper advertising, and newsletters. Files also
include general public relations work for the CMA on other medical issues such as medical rebating.
C134.1.35, Box 6/9-Box 6/19
Subseries 35
Elmer Robinson for Mayor of San Francisco Files
1947
Physical Description: 11 file folders
Scope and Content Note
A San Francisco attorney and judge, Republican Elmer Robinson defeated local politicians Franck Havenner and Chester MacPhee
in his race for mayor. See below for records relating to his successful 1951 re-election campaign.
Records include correspondence, background material, photographs, newspaper ads, polls, statements, and opposition literature.
C134.1.36, Box 6/20-Box 6/36
Subseries 36
Senate Reapportionment, No on Proposition 13 Files
1948
Physical Description: 17 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative measure would have redrawn State Senate districts on the basis of population many years ahead of the Supreme
Court's related decision in Reynolds v. Sims (1964). Measure failed. As with their work to defeat universal health insurance,
this effort served as a springboard leading to firm's role in a similar campaign at the national level.
Records include endorsements, speeches, newspaper advertising, polls, flyers and press releases.
C134.1.37, Box 6/37-Box 7/8
Subseries 37
Full Crew (Featherbedding), Yes on Proposition 3 Files
1948
Physical Description: 31 file folders
Scope and Content Note
"Featherbedding" was a term referring to the labor union practice of requiring more workers than the job required. This initiative
measure allowed the Public Utilities Commission to prescribe the number of brakemen to be used on railroad trains. Measure
passed.
Records include campaign plan, opposition files, endorsements, campaign handbook, form letters, direct mailings, campaign
literature, news releases, billboards, newspaper advertising, polls, and radio scripts.
C134.1.38, Box 7/9-Box 7/39
Subseries 38
Sound Pension Plan, Yes on Proposition 2 Files
1949
Physical Description: 31 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative measure would set maximum state aid payments for aged and blind persons and effectively repeal Proposition 4 passed
in November 1948. Prop. 4 was sponsored by George McLain (see also McLain Pensions, Propositions 10 and 11, 1952 subseries
C134.1.45). Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, correspondence, polls, campaign materials, form letters, radio ads and speeches,
bills paid, opposition files, news releases, and speeches.
C134.1.39, Box 7/40-Box 7/49
Subseries 39
Personal Property Tax, No on Proposition 1 Files
1950
Physical Description: 10 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative measure would have prohibited taxes on personal property. Measure failed.
Records include finance data, paid bills, endorsements, newspaper advertising, campaign literature, and opposition files.
C134.1.40, Box 7/50-Box 7/57
Subseries 40
Against Gambling, No on Proposition 6 Files
1950
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative measure would have legalized gambling in California. Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, church group file, campaign literature, newspaper advertising, and opposition
file.
C134.1.41, Box 8/1-Box 8/8
Subseries 41
Public Housing, Yes on Proposition 10 Files
1950
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative measure would require voter approval for low-rent housing projects. Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, campaign literature, newspaper and billboard advertising, opposition file,
and congratulatory letters.
C134.1.42, Box 8/9-Box 9/24
Subseries 42
Re-election Elmer Robinson for Mayor of San Francisco Files
1951
Physical Description: 59 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Mayor Robinson's principal opponents were George Christopher, a Democrat and president of the Board of Supervisors, and Joseph
Sullivan, a Republican and a member of the Board of Supervisors. Robinson won the election.
Records include plan of campaign and strategy, committee files, endorsements, schedule, newspaper and billboard advertising,
photographs, radio ads and speeches, campaign pamphlets, direct mailings, manual for speakers, television ads, files on opponents,
issue files (harbor, housing, labor, transportation, tidelands), press releases and news clippings.
C134.1.43, Box 9/25-Box 11/4, Box 184
Subseries 43
American Medical Association Files
1949-1952
Physical Description: 64 file folders, 1 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
After their success at the state level in California stopping several health care bills pushed by Governor Earl Warren, Whitaker
& Baxter were hired by the American Medical Association to help defeat President Harry Truman's proposal for a national health
care system in 1949. Clem Whitaker, Sr. and Leone Baxter moved to Chicago (where the AMA was headquartered) and opened a branch
office.
The firm's efforts were officially described as a "national education campaign to defeat compulsory health insurance". Their
campaign plan stated that "first, this is an affirmative campaign. Defeating compulsory health insurance is the immediate
job, but stopping agitation for compulsory health insurance by enrolling the people in sound voluntary health insurance systems
is our most important objective." One of the dominant themes of the WB education campaign was that national health care was
socialized medicine and a threat to freedom. Their biggest campaign to date both in scale and budget, the cost of this 4-year
effort came close to $5 million with the firm taking a $400,000 fee. The campaign was a success.
Records include an index file, campaign blueprint, campaign procedures, reports, photographs, opposition files, and mass mailings.
See also Series 4 Accounting Files below for extensive financial records.
C134.1.44, Box 11/5-Box 11/22
Subseries 44
California Medical Association Files
1949-1953
Physical Description: 18 file folders
Scope and Content Note
A continuation of an earlier group of records pertaining to Whitaker & Baxter's representation of the California Medical Association's
interests and coordination with the national education campaign the firm was conducting on behalf of the American Medical
Association at this time.
Records include speeches, vivisection issue files, correspondence, literature and news clippings, and radio programs.
C134.1.45, Box 11/23-Box 12/19
Subseries 45
McLain Pensions, No on Proposition 10 and 11 Files
1952
Physical Description: 25 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Another in a series of attempts by political activist George McLain to change existing pension plans for California's aged
and blind. (See also Proposition 2, 1949, subseries C134.1.38.) Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, campaign literature, opposition letters and information, research data, surveys,
billboards, radio spots, press releases, and news clippings.
C134.1.46, Box 12/20-Box 12/34
Subseries 46
Cross Filing, No on Proposition 13 Files
1952
Physical Description: 15 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Initiative measure would have abolished cross-filing whereby a candidate could seek the nomination of more than one political
party. Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, budget and finance, speeches, surveys, research, opposition files, advertising,
press releases, and news clippings.
C134.1.47, Box 12/35-Box 13/27
Subseries 47
Public School Funds, Yes on Proposition 2 Files
1952
Physical Description: 37 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative proposed an increase in State support for public schools. Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, school bonds data, campaign bulletins, speeches, surveys, campaign literature,
newspaper and billboard advertising, radio releases, streetcar advertising, theater slides, and press releases.
C134.1.48, Box 13/28
Subseries 48
Advertising Metropolitan Display (Eisenhower) File
1952
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter were involved in the nationwide advertising campaign for the Eisenhower presidential campaign.
C134.1.49, Box 14/1-Box 14/12
Subseries 49
Preparedness Dinners Files
1951-1953
Physical Description: 12 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter were in charge of arrangements for annual Republican fundraisers in San Francisco.
Records include press releases, news clippings, photographs, program, and fundraising plan.
C134.1.50, Box 14/13
Subseries 50
Building Owners and Managers Association File
1953
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented the interests of the association in response to a strike by elevator operators and janitors in San Francisco.
C134.1.51, Box 14/14-Box 15/2
Subseries 51
Scavengers, Yes on Proposition I Files
1953
Physical Description: 23 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Local measure would have allowed an increase in rates for garbage collection by private companies in San Francisco. Measure
failed.
Records include plan of campaign, endorsements, campaign literature, newspaper advertising, radio and television releases,
background information, photographs, opposition files, and surveys.
C134.1.52, Box 15/3-Box 15/22
Subseries 52
Scavengers, Yes on Proposition C Files
1954
Physical Description: 20 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Local measure was another attempt at raising rates for garbage collection by private companies in San Francisco. Measure passed.
Records include plan of action/strategy, endorsements, newspaper, billboard and television advertising, campaign literature,
photographs, health and safety data, and press releases.
C134.1.53, Box 15/23-Box 16/18
Subseries 53
McLain Pension, No on Proposition 4 Files
1954
Physical Description: 41 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Another attempt by political activist George McLain to change existing pension plans for California's aged and blind. (See
also Proposition 2, 1949 and Propositions 10-11, 1952, above.). Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, Los Angeles office file, campaign handbook, speeches, campaign literature, direct mailings,
newspaper ads, radio and television broadcasts, "news hooks" (file includes chemical analysis of vitamins sold by McLain),
and press releases.
C134.1.54, Box 16/19-Box 17/32
Subseries 54
Shipping, Yes on Proposition 5 Files
1954
Physical Description: 51 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Constitutional amendment (measure originating in the Legislature) would continue soon-to-expire benefits exempting freight
and passenger ships from local property taxes. Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, company campaign kits (efforts to enlist shipping company employees in the campaign), organization
lists, thank-you letters, advertising (newspaper, television, radio, billboards, special publications), correspondence, data,
speeches, surveys, campaign materials, endorsements, opposition files, suggested editorials, and press releases.
C134.1.55, Box 18/1-Box 23/14
Subseries 55
Goodwin Knight for Governor Files
1954
Physical Description: 246 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Goodwin Knight was the political candidate with whom Whitaker & Baxter were most closely linked. The firm ran his successful
campaign for Lt. Governor and then Governor as well as his unsuccessful campaigns for re-election to the Governor's Office
and for U.S. Senate. His opponent in the gubernatorial campaign was Democrat Richard Graves, former executive director of
the League of California Cities.
The extensive files reveal a broad-based, well-financed and organized campaign.
Records include index to files, campaign literature distribution reports, plan of campaign, form letters, Knight biographical
sketch, speaker's manual, campaign literature, radio and television files, speeches, files pertaining to target groups (religious,
negro, women's, labor, foreign, youth), issue files (smog control, tidelands, water, schools, highways), opposition files,
polls, itineraries, endorsements, press releases, a large news clipping file by topic, and 285 photographs.
C134.1.56, Box 23/15-Box 23/35
Subseries 56
Utah-Alameda Campaign Files
1954-1955
Physical Description: 21 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented the Utah Construction Company in their efforts to develop tideland area on Bay Farm Island in
the City of Alameda. The firm's work was primarily public relations aimed at influencing elected officials but resulted in
a local referendum campaign. See subseries C134.1.57 for records of this related campaign.
Records include plan of campaign, form letters, petitions, campaign materials, background data, advertising (newspaper, radio,
outdoor), opposition files, news clippings, and press releases.
C134.1.57, Box 23/36-Box 24/5
Subseries 57
South Shore Campaign Files
1955
Physical Description: 22 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter again represented the Utah Construction Company - this time in a campaign in favor of a local referendum
allowing the company to develop the South Shore of Alameda County. Measure passed.
Records include plan of campaign, budget, petitions, data, opposition file, press releases, news clippings, and campaign literature.
C134.1.58, Box 24/6-Box 24/13
Subseries 58
American Percussion Tool Company Files
1954-1955
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm conducted a campaign to publicize a new product from the American Percussion Tool Company, the "Mighty Midget" Drill.
Records include product information, press releases, and correspondence.
C134.1.59, Box 24/14
Subseries 59
Fialers (Gray Line) File
1954-1957
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented the Gray Line Company (a transportation company) in their disputes concerning car rental and
limousine services at the San Francisco Airport.
C134.1.60, Box 24/15-Box 24/27
Subseries 60
Harbor Plywood Files
1955-1956
Physical Description: 13 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented the interests of Harbor Plywood Company while they were involved in a lawsuit against Long-Bell Lumber
Co. regarding trade restraint. Well-known industrialist and philanthropist Norton Simon was Harbor's chairman of the board.
Records include company annual reports, correspondence, press releases, and news clippings.
C134.1.61, Box 24/28-Box 24/33
Subseries 61
Leslie Salt Company Files
1955-1956
Physical Description: 6 file folders
Scope and Content Note
On behalf of the Leslie Salt Company, Whitaker & Baxter conducted a campaign against efforts to incorporate the City of Fremont
and/or exclude the company's lands from this city. The company had salt ponds and processing facilities located in Alameda
County near the San Francisco Bay. The successful incorporation election took place on January 10, 1956.
Records include financial files, campaign materials, correspondence, polls, and news clippings.
C134.1.62, Box 24/34-Box 24/36
Subseries 62
Southern Nevada Power Company Files
1955-1956
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm conducted a general public relations campaign for the Southern Nevada Power Company to lay the groundwork for a future
rate increase.
Records include financial files and correspondence.
C134.1.63, Box 24/37-Box 25/16
Subseries 63
Calectric (Riverside), Yes on Proposition A Files
1955
Physical Description: 19 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This local measure would allow the California Electric Power Company to purchase the City of Riverside's electric distribution
system. Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, petitions, employee campaign files, speeches, surveys, advertising (newspaper, outdoor,
radio and television), campaign literature, special mailings, opposition files, and news clippings.
C134.1.64, Box 25/17-Box 26/11
Subseries 64
GOP National Convention Files
1956
Physical Description: 57 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter handled public relations and local arrangements for the Republican National Convention that was held in
San Francisco in 1956. Clem Whitaker, Sr., was also a Republican delegate to the Convention. See also California State Host
Committee files below.
Records include index to files, correspondence (Eisenhower delegation, Knight-Nixon-Knowland coalition, Republican campaign
data, etc.), news clippings by topic, arrangements, and press coverage.
C134.1.65, Box 26/12-Box 26/52
Subseries 65
California State Host Committee Files
1956
Physical Description: 41 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The California State Host Committee was charged with entertaining delegates to the 1956 Republican National Convention in
San Francisco. Whitaker & Baxter were executive directors of the Host Committee with responsibilities including event planning,
arrangements, and fundraising.
Records include index to files, current and past GOP convention delegates, donor files, Governor's Reception Ball files, lists
of individuals and organizations, publicity files, and Leonard Hall Luncheon files.
C134.1.66, Box 27/1-Box 32/16
Subseries 66
Oil Conservation Measure, Yes on Proposition 4 Files
1956
Physical Description: 277 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented the oil industry in support of this complex initiative to make unit operation of oil fields
compulsory in effect curtailing California oil production in favor of cheaper foreign oil reserves. The proposition was marketed
as a conservation measure, but was strongly opposed by independent oil companies who spent heavily against the measure. The
result was record-breaking campaign expenditures for a ballot measure - probably between $3 and 5 million statewide.
Records include index to files, advertising (outdoor, newspaper, radio, television), Baus and Ross Co. (subcontracting political
consulting firm), extensive endorsement files arranged by organization, campaign literature and distribution, extensive files
on the opposition, speaker's bureau and manual, campaign bulletins and fact sheets, form letters, legal opinions, photographs,
polls and surveys, press releases, and speeches.
C134.1.67, Box 32/17-Box 32/36
Subseries 67
P.G.& E. Trinity River Project Files
1957
Physical Description: 20 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company was a longtime public relations client of Whitaker & Baxter dating back to the 1930s.
These records pertain to the firm's work in support of the company's efforts to construct power facilities at Trinity Dam
in a cooperative arrangement with the federal government.
Records include index to files, data, newspaper advertising, news clippings, editorials, and press releases.
C134.1.68, Box 32/37-Box 33/10
Subseries 68
Foster & Kleiser Files
1957-1958
Physical Description: 14 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented Foster & Kleiser, an outdoor advertising company, against efforts to control, tax, and/or ban
billboards.
Records include correspondence, data, legislation, opposition files, and newspaper clippings.
C134.1.69, Box 33/11-Box 33/57
Subseries 69
Board of Equalization Files
1955-1959
Physical Description: 47 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm represented Pacific Gas & Electric as well as other utilities in their efforts to lower the assessments of their
properties by the Board of Equalization directly or via legislation.
Records include index to files, budget, background information on utility assessments, plan of campaign, news clippings, editorials,
legislation, and reports.
C134.1.70, Box 34/1-Box 34/47
Subseries 70
Golden Gate Authority Files
1959
Physical Description: 47 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The Bay Area Council, a civic organization headed by industrialist Edgar Kaiser, backed legislation to establish the Golden
Gate Authority, a self-supporting public corporation that would assume management and operation of the San Francisco Bay Area's
publicly-owned bridges, harbors, and airports. Whitaker & Baxter provided public relations services in support of these efforts
that were ultimately unsuccessful due in part to stiff opposition from area local governments.
Records include index to files, legislation, background information, endorsements, editorials, speeches, and files pertaining
to various affected organizations and local governments.
C134.1.71, Box 35/1-Box 36/2
Subseries 71
Governor Goodwin Knight for U.S. Senate Files (Primary)
1957-1958
Physical Description: 60 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Governor Goodwin Knight announced in August 1957, that he would run for re-election as Governor. When U.S. Senator William
Knowland announced his intention to leave the Senate and also run for Governor of California challenging Knight in the Republican
Primary, Governor Knight decided to abandon his re-election campaign and run for Knowland's U.S. Senate seat instead. Whitaker
& Baxter again teamed with Knight for this campaign. Knight won in the primary but lost to Democratic Congressman Clair Engle
in the general election.
Records include index to files, finance and budget files, polls, issue files (right-to-work, shipping tax, and water), advertising
(outdoor, radio and television), campaign materials, endorsements, press releases, editorials.
C134.1.72, Box 36/3-Box 36/12
Subseries 72
Goodwin Knight for Governor Files
1957
Physical Description: 10 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter ran Governor Goodwin Knight's short-lived campaign for re-election as Governor. Knight soon withdrew from
this race in favor of running for the U.S. Senate.
Records include re-election announcement, news releases, endorsements, "operation switch-over" file, and photographs.
C134.1.73, Box 36/13-Box 36/60
Subseries 73
Tax Measure, No on Proposition 17 Files
1958
Physical Description: 48 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative measure would have lowered state sales, use and income taxes. Measure failed.
Records include plan of campaign, interest group files (AFL, agriculture, business, chamber of commerce, education, PTA, and
women), endorsements, polls, victory statement, opposition files, advertising (billboards, newspaper, radio, and television),
campaign materials, and press releases.
C134.1.74, Box 51/14-Box 52/46
Subseries 74
Harbor Bond, Yes on Proposition 4 Files
1958
Physical Description: 76 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Bond measure proposed by the State Legislature authorized the sale of bonds to develop state harbor facilities in San Francisco.
Measure passed.
Records include index to files, correspondence, background information, polls, media files, opposition files, plan of campaign,
endorsements, press releases, and speeches.
C134.1.75, Box 52/47-Box 52/59
Subseries 75
A. Ronald Button for State Treasurer Files
1957-1958
Physical Description: 13 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Incumbent State Treasurer Ronald Button narrowly lost his re-election bid to Democrat Bert Betts.
Records include budget, strategy file, press releases, correspondence, and speeches.
C134.1.76, Box 112
Subseries 76
Golden Gateway Files
1957-1960
Physical Description: 0.5 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter continued their public relations work for the Utah Construction Company this time focusing on a metropolitan
redevelopment project in San Francisco.
Records include background information, correspondence, speeches, proposals, and brochures.
C134.1.77, Box 53/1-Box 53/4
Subseries 77
Boys Towns of Italy Files
1959
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter undertook a fundraising campaign for this charity organization.
Records include mailing lists and correspondence.
C134.1.78, Box 53/5-Box 53/8
Subseries 78
Cyril Magnin Trip Files
1959
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm did public relations for the San Francisco 1959 Senior Executives Delegation to the USSR. Per Cyril Magnin, leader
of the trip, "we are going to Russia as salesmen for America."
Records include press releases, correspondence, and news clippings.
C134.1.79, Box 53/9-Box 53/22
Subseries 79
Stanford Land Files
1960
Physical Description: 14 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The "Yes on Stanford Lands Zoning Proposal" campaign was conducted by Whitaker & Baxter on behalf of Stanford University.
The University planned on rezoning property they owned to allow for the development of the Stanford Industrial Park. Measure
passed.
Records include background information, correspondence, financial files, newspaper and radio advertising, opposition files,
and surveys.
C134.1.80, Box 113
Subseries 80
San Francisco Bar Pilots Files
1959-1963
Physical Description: 0.5 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter performed general public relations work for the San Francisco Bar Pilots Association covering such issues
as legislation and rates. Bar Pilots are state-licensed mariners who guide ships in and out of the San Francisco Bay.
Records include correspondence and background information.
C134.1.81, Box 53/23-Box 55/11
Subseries 81
Fred Dupuis for Congress Files
1960
Physical Description: 65 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Republican Fred Dupuis lost to Democrat Clement Miller in a close race in this north coast district.
ecords include advertising files (radio and television), background information, issue files (education, economics, foreign
policy, labor), opposition files, photographs, television debate file, mailings, county files, campaign materials, speeches,
press releases, and news clippings.
C134.1.82, Box 55/12-Box 56/29
Subseries 82
Brundage Art Collection, Yes on Proposition A Files
1960
Physical Description: 61 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter worked in support of this local San Francisco bond measure to finance an addition to the de Young Museum
(now the Asian Art Museum) to house a collection of Asian art donated by Avery Brundage. Measure passed.
Records include background information, legal opinions, plan of campaign, surveys, photographs, filmstrip script, campaign
materials, radio and television advertising, press releases, mailings, endorsements, and news clippings.
C134.1.83, Box 56/30-Box 57/9
Subseries 83
Disposal Control, Yes on Proposition F Files
1960
Physical Description: 26 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Continuing their longtime involvement in San Francisco garbage collection issues, Whitaker & Baxter campaigned in favor of
this local measure to make refuse disposal rates subject to the control of a city rate board. Measure passed.
Records include background information, mailing lists, plan of campaign, press releases, news clippings, and advertising.
C134.1.84, Box 57/10-Box 57/23
Subseries 84
Project Hope Files
1960-1961
Physical Description: 14 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter handled fundraising and public relations for the international hospital ship, the SS Hope.
Records include correspondence, press releases, news clippings, background information, photographs, and audiotapes of Richard
Nixon speaking at dedication ceremonies.
C134.1.85, Box 57/24-Box 57/27
Subseries 85
Water Program Files
1960
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Correspondence and background information regarding the State Water Bond Act of 1960.
C134.1.86, Box 58/1-Box 59/19, Box 59/25-Box 59/27
Subseries 86
Senate Reapportionment, No on Proposition 15 Files
1960
Physical Description: 83 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative would have created a new constitutional formula for dividing the State into senate districts. Although not
strictly population based, the new method would have given more populous counties greater representation than they had at
that time. Measure failed. (See also Senate Reapportionment, No on 13, 1948.)
Records include subcontractor files (Baus & Ross and Robinson & Co.), polls, finance and contributor files, endorsements,
speaker's bureau, advertising files (outdoor, newspaper, direct mail, radio, television), press releases, editorials, and
news clippings.
C134.1.87, Box 59/20-Box 59/24
Subseries 87
Host Committee Files
1960
Physical Description: 5 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Bank statements, bills, and correspondence pertaining to host activities for the Democratic Convention in Los Angeles.
C134.1.88, Box 59/28-Box 64/2, Box 66/1-Box 66/16
Subseries 88
Richard M. Nixon for President Files
1960
Physical Description: 146 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter led Nixon's campaign in Northern California while competing political consulting firm Baus and Ross managed
the Southern California campaign. Nixon won his home state but lost the election to Democratic opponent John F. Kennedy.
Records include correspondence, media files (radio, television, newspapers), plan of campaign, mailings, support group files,
editorials, photographs, press releases, speech kits, summaries of campaign, polls and final reports.
C134.1.89, Box 64/3-Box 64/7
Subseries 89
Building Service Corporation Files
1961
Physical Description: 5 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Press releases and correspondence pertain to the firm's general public relations work for this San Francisco building maintenance
company.
C134.1.90, Box 64/8-Box 64/11
Subseries 90
American Smelting and Refining Co. Files
1961
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Press releases, correspondence, news clippings and final report pertain to the firm's public relations campaign regarding
unfair Japanese trade policies.
C134.1.91, Box 64/12-Box 64/15
Subseries 91
Family Rosary Crusade Files
1961
Physical Description: 4 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Press releases, news clippings, correspondence, and press kit pertain to the firm's general public relations work for this
Catholic organization.
C134.1.92, Box 64/16-Box 65/15
Subseries 92
Sunrise Hospital Files
1961
Physical Description: 31 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Correspondence, plan of campaign, reports, brochures, and surveys pertain to the firm's public relations campaign on behalf
of this Las Vegas hospital receiving unfavorable attention in area newspapers.
C134.1.93, Box 65/16-Box 65/26
Subseries 93
Brisbane Incorporation Files
1961
Physical Description: 11 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter campaigned against a local San Mateo County measure to incorporate the City of Brisbane. Measure passed.
Records include media and publicity files, maps and petitions.
C134.1.94, Box 73/1-Box 74/10
Subseries 94
Thomas O'Connor for City Attorney Files
1961
Physical Description: 75 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm ran the campaign of Deputy City Attorney Thomas O'Connor for San Francisco City Attorney against another attorney
J. Joseph Sullivan. The campaign was successful and O'Connor served in this office until his retirement in 1977.
Records include plan of campaign, mailings advertising files (outdoor, radio and television), speeches, endorsements, interest
group files (lawyers, labor, minorities), news clippings, photographs, press releases, opposition files, and polls.
C134.1.95, Box 74/11-Box 75/56, Box 76/25-Box 80/6
Subseries 95
George Christopher for Lieutenant Governor Files
1961-1962
Physical Description: 237 file folders
Scope and Content Note
While still Mayor of San Francisco, Republican George Christopher ran unsuccessfully for the office of Lt. Governor in 1962.
Christopher lost to Democrat Glenn Anderson in a relatively close race by about the same margin as Richard Nixon lost to incumbent
Governor Pat Brown in the race for Governor.
Records include index to files, contributions, speeches, issue files, biography, itineraries, news clippings, opposition files,
photographs, surveys, Robinson & Co. file, mailings, advertising files (radio and television), interest group files (minorities,
Chinese, Mexican-Americans, dentists, Negro, Democrats, Young Republicans), county files, Southern California files, statements
by topic (irresponsible liberalism, Jesse Unruh, etc.), and excerpts of remarks by date.
C134.1.96, Box 76/1-Box 76/24
Subseries 96
Pacific Maritime Association Files
1962
Physical Description: 24 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter handled public relations on behalf of the Pacific Maritime Association during the West Coast Maritime Strike.
Records include plan of campaign, press releases, news clippings, union opposition file, and fact sheets.
C134.1.97, Box 80/7-Box 80/43
Subseries 97
Housing Bond Measure, No on Proposition 4 Files
1962
Physical Description: 33 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This bond measure on the primary ballot originating in the Legislature would have funded housing for the elderly and handicapped.
Measure failed.
Records include correspondence, media files, advertising (radio, television newspaper), press releases, mailings, editorials,
and campaign materials.
C134.1.98, Box 81/1-Box 82/5
Subseries 98
Reapportionment, No on Proposition 23 Files
1962
Physical Description: 23 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Another attempt at reapportioning the State Senate, this initiative measure would have increased the total number of seats
while allowing population to play a greater role in the apportionment process. Measure failed.
Records include background information, campaign materials, opposition files, news clippings, advertising (radio, television,
newspaper, outdoor), direct mail, and polls.
C134.1.99, Box 82/6-Box 83/39
Subseries 99
Judge Tom Coakley for Attorney General Files
1962
Physical Description: 74 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented Mariposa Superior Court Judge Tom Coakley, a Republican, in this unsuccessful campaign for the
office of Attorney General. Coakley lost to Democrat Stanley Mosk. Coakley went on to be appointed to the Court of Appeal
by Governor Ronald Reagan.
Records include mailings lists, form letters, Stanley Most files, plan of campaign, polls, support group files (automobile
dealers, doctors, etc.), endorsements, speeches, speakers manual, photographs, and press releases.
C134.1.100, Box 83/40-Box 86/18
Subseries 100
Ben Dillingham for U.S. Senate Files
1962
Physical Description: 108 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm ran the campaign of Republican businessman Ben Dillingham who ran to represent Hawaii in the U.S. Senate. The campaign
was one of the few out-of-state projects handled by Whitaker & Baxter. Dillingham lost to Medal of Honor winner Daniel Inouye
who still holds this office.
Records include campaign materials, advertising, television files (debates, spots, scripts), biography, support group files,
polls, speeches, press releases, and photographs.
C134.1.101, Box 86/19-Box 86/26
Subseries 101
Palo Alto, Yes on Measures A and B Files
1962-1963
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Local measures for the City of Palo Alto both concerned zoning issues. Measure A related to rezoning to allow for commercial
development and Measure B would rezone to allow P.G.&E. to build an electrical transmission line.
Records include mailings, correspondence, and surveys.
C134.1.102, Box 86/27-Box 86/38
Subseries 102
San Francisco, Yes on Measure F Files
1963
Physical Description: 12 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Local measure related to parity pay in the San Francisco Police and Fire Departments. Measure passed.
Records include advertising (radio and television), correspondence, and background information.
C134.1.103, Box 114
Subseries 103
Arizona Public Service Company Files
1963
Physical Description: 0.5 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented the interests of the Arizona Public Service Company in a dispute with another electric utility,
the Salt River Project.
Records include plan of campaign, advertising, correspondence, and background information.
C134.1.104, Box 114
Subseries 104
Sunday Selling Files
1963
Physical Description: 8 file folders
Scope and Content Note
The firm was working against Senate Bill 845 (1963), which sought to prohibit certain retail operations on Sundays.
Records include correspondence and legislation.
C134.1.105, Box 86/39-Box 90/23
Subseries 105
Harold Dobbs for Mayor of San Francisco Files
1963
Physical Description: 132 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter continued their active role in San Francisco politics by running the campaign of Harold Dobbs for Mayor.
Longtime Democratic Congressmen John Shelley defeated Dobbs, a Republican and member of the Board of Supervisors.
Records include mailings, special events, biography, photographs, polls, television scripts, speeches, advertising (outdoor,
radio, television), statements, opposition files, endorsements, issues (race relations, port problems, youth problems, freeways,
railroads, etc.), press releases, and press conferences.
C134.1.106, Box 95B
Subseries 106
Railroad Files
1953-1960
Physical Description: 40 file folders
Scope and Content Note
These files represent general public relations work by Whitaker & Baxter on behalf of various railroad companies. Issues include
rates, mergers, right-to-work, and the Public Utilities Commission.
Records include legislation, background information, publications, news clippings, and press releases.
C134.1.107, Box 96
Subseries 107
State Lottery, No on Proposition 16 Files
1964
Physical Description: 9 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative measure would have established a state lottery but also would have granted a ten-year, no-bid contract to
a private company to run the lottery. Measure failed.
Records include brochures, correspondence, polls and Baus & Ross file.
C134.1.108, Box 96-Box 102/11
Subseries 108
Committee for Government of the People, Reapportionment Files
1965-1968
Physical Description: 20 cubic feet, 11 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Experience in a related state-level campaign again worked in favor of Whitaker & Baxter when they were hired to lead a national
campaign concerning the reapportionment of state legislatures. The U.S. Supreme Court had recently ruled in Reynolds v. Sims
(377 US 533, 1964) that state legislative districts had to be roughly equal in population ("one man, one vote"). Dating back
to 1948, the firm had handled a number of successful campaigns against efforts to change how the California State Senate districts
were drawn. This particular national campaign was in support of SJR 103 authored by U.S. Senator Everett Dirksen which sought
to amend the U.S. Constitution to allow state legislatures to maintain the status quo. Also included are records relating
to Citizens Committee for Balanced Legislative Representation. Campaign failed.
Records include background information, information regarding activities in other states, correspondence, legislation, speeches,
form letters, mass mailings, letter writing campaign files, contributions, opposition files, campaign brochures, and final
report.
C134.1.109, Box 102
Subseries 109
Pacific Building Survey File
1965
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
The firm conducted a tenant survey concerning addition of a restaurant to this building.
C134.1.110, Box 102-Box 103
Subseries 110
Western Pacific Railroad Files
1966
Physical Description: 27 file folders
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter did public relations work for Western Pacific Railroad regarding their plan to discontinue passenger service
on the California Zephyr.
Records include brochures, correspondence, news clippings, reports, and background information.
C134.1.111, Box 103-Box 105
Subseries 111
Constitutional Revision, Yes on Proposition 1A Files
1965-1966
Physical Description: 2 cubic feet
Scope and Content Note
Democrat Jesse Unruh, then the powerful Speaker of the Assembly, worked actively for the passage of this legislative measure
which, among other things, allowed the Legislature to set its own salaries, meet full-time, and hire expert staff. Seeking
broad, bi-partisan support, Unruh hired Whitaker & Baxter for the very reason that the firm had long been associated with
conservative causes and candidates. Measure passed.
Records include campaign materials, support group files (state employees, California Teachers Association, AFL/CIO, etc.),
legislation, meetings, advertising (television, radio, billboards), mailings lists, speeches, and press releases.
C134.1.112, Box 105
Subseries 112
Shirley Temple Black for Congress Files
1967
Physical Description: 0.75 cubic feet
Scope and Content Note
Child actress Shirley Temple Black ran as a Republican candidate in the special election to fill the seat in Congress vacated
by the death of J. Arthur Younger. She ran a distant third to Democratic rival Roy Archibald and Republican Pete McCloskey
who won the contest.
Records include photographs, correspondence, schedule, statements, press releases, speeches, opposition files, debate file,
and biography.
C134.1.113, Box 106
Subseries 113
Trojan Powder Company Files
1964-1965
Physical Description: 1 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter represented the Trojan Powder Company in its effort to re-zone company owned lands located in the City of
San Leandro for the development of a waterfront community to be known as Roberts Landing. Campaign was not successful.
Records include photographs, brochures, news clippings, background information, and financial analyses.
C134.1.114, Box 107-Box 108
Subseries 114
Westborough Homes Files
1963-1969
Physical Description: 2 cubic feet
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter provided public relations and interfaced with local government on behalf of this South San Francisco developer.
Issues included zoning, annexation, and traffic problems.
Records include correspondence, plans, photographs, advertising, press releases, and news clippings.
C134.1.115, Box 72
Subseries 115
Landlord's Tax Trap Bill, No on Proposition 9 Files
1968
Physical Description: 3 file folders
Scope and Content Note
This initiative measure would have limited property taxes to 1% of market value, similar to a famous later measure, Proposition
13, 1978. Measure failed.
Records include printed campaign materials (campaign report, fact sheets, and brochures), press releases, statements, speeches,
and Senate Finance Committee hearing transcript (9/10-11/1968).
C134.1.116, Box 72
Subseries 116
Return Our Port to San Francisco, Yes on Measures B and C File
1968
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Local measures related to transferring control of the Port of San Francisco from the state to the city/county and assuming
associated bonded indebtedness. Measures passed.
Records include printed campaign materials only: brochure and fact sheets.
C134.1.117, Box 72
Subseries 117
Protect Your Health, Yes on Proposition 5 File
1968
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
Statewide measure originating in the Legislature would allow the state to guarantee loans to non-profit hospitals. Measure
passed.
Records include printed campaign materials only: brochures, bumper stickers, fact sheets, form letters, and suggested article
and speech.
C134.1.118, Box 113
Subseries 118
Shoup Voting Machine Files
1961-1972
Physical Description: 0.5 cubic foot
Scope and Content Note
Whitaker & Baxter did general public relations work regarding the Shoup Voting Machine focusing on legislative issues and
promoting use of this automatic voting equipment by county governments.
Records include background information, press releases, correspondence, and Secretary of State Frank Jordan file.
C134.1.119, Box 113
Subseries 119
Californians Against the Pollution Initiative, No on Proposition 9 Files
1972
Physical Description: 1 file folder
Scope and Content Note
This initiative on the primary ballot was a broad environmental measure that would have impacted the oil and gas industries,
nuclear power plant construction, pesticide use, and air pollution regulation. Measure failed.
Records include press releases only.
C134.2, Box 118-Box 130
Series 2
Library Files
1935-1966
Physical Description: 13 cubic feet
Arrangement
Files are arranged alphabetically by subject heading.
Scope and Content Note
These records are more a group of subject files comprised of background information on topics of interest to the firm including
publications, news clippings, correspondence, and press releases. Sample topics include crime, human rights, immigration,
liberals, oil, right-to-work, schools, and water.
C134.3, Box 131-Box 138B, Box 140-Box 141A
Series 3
Audiovisual Materials
1952-1972
Selected digitized film and audio recordings from this series.
Physical Description: 13 cubic feet
Arrangement
Materials are arranged into two groups by type of material: motion picture film (491 films, 6 videotapes, 17 film strips in
Box 131-Box 138B) and audiotapes (163 tapes, 1CD copy in Box 140-Box 141A). These two groups are then arranged by specific
campaign and date.
Scope and Content Note
Contains primarily film clips of campaign ads and audiotapes of radio spots relating to Whitaker & Baxter's various campaigns
including Proposition 4, 1956, various Goodwin Knight campaigns, 1954-1958, and Nixon for President and Governor, 1960-1962.
Some materials relate to campaigns not represented in Campaign Files series such as Propositions 9 and 20, 1972.
A detailed list of folders is available in Appendix A in Additional Series Information.
Additional Series Information
C134.4, Box 145-Box 149, Box 153, Box 153A-Box 183
Series 4
Accounting Files
1946-1973
Physical Description: 37 cubic feet
Arrangement
Files are arranged roughly into two groups: San Francisco office files and Chicago office files.
Scope and Content Note
Contains bank statements, receipts, invoices, cancelled checks, and check stubs the largest potion of which relate to the
Whitaker & Baxter campaigns against compulsory health insurance on behalf of the American Medical Association and to a lesser
degree the California Medical Association. Individual files, while they can seem routine, contain some interesting materials
including correspondence, financial summaries for clients, reports, and campaign materials.
C134.5, Box 143-Box 144, Box 150-Box 152A
Series 5
California Feature Service Files
1944-1974
Physical Description: 5 cubic feet
Arrangement
Files are arranged chronologically by date.
Scope and Content Note
Founded in 1936, the California Feature Service was a wire service operated by Whitaker & Baxter. The Service was an outgrowth
of an earlier venture run by Clem Whitaker, Sr. from 1921 to 1930 - the Capitol News Bureau - providing political news to
about 80 California newspapers. The California Feature Service offered articles, editorials, and cartoons to about 300 newspapers
(of approximately 700 newspapers in California at that time) that regularly subscribed to and used this free service. For
Whitaker & Baxter, the Feature Service was a useful way to get out their message and receive broad exposure in the press without
using paid advertising.
Records include copies of the clipsheets containing editorials, articles, etc. that were sent out weekly to newspapers around
the state. Also included are a number of large scrapbooks of newspapers that published California Feature Service materials.
C134.6, Box 68-Box 70, Box 112, Box 114-Box 116, Box 139
Series 6
Miscellaneous Files
1945-1973
Physical Description: 8 cubic feet
Arrangement
Files are unarranged.
Scope and Content Note
This series consists of a variety of records. Some relate to political campaigns and public relations clients whose files
appear in Series 1 - Campaign Files, while other files are more general in nature. The following groups are represented:
a)
Clem Whitaker, Jr. Files. 1945-1960. 1 cubic foot. Box 68. - Correspondence, memoranda regarding campaign activities; also California Politics files
containing news clippings, party platforms, central committee information grouped by year.
b)
Knight Campaign Contributions. 1950-1958. 2 cubic feet. Boxes 69-70 - Files relating to contributors to various Republican campaigns including the Goodwin
Knight campaign.
c)
Miscellaneous Materials. 1960-1966. 1 cubic foot. Box 112. - Nixon Portraits (1961), Table Grape Display Materials (1960's), Refuse Disposal Study
for Sanitary Fill Co. (1966), and, Site Selection Study for South County Junior College District, San Leandro (1964).
d)
Arizona News Service. 1960-1961. 1 cubic foot. Box 114. - Concerns Whitaker & Baxter investigation into starting a legislative news service in
Hawaii using the Arizona News Service as a model.
e)
Miscellaneous Campaign Data. 1942-1955. 2 cubic feet. Boxes 115-116. - Subject files including such topics as Sheridan Downey, California Teachers Association,
Goodwin Knight, Earl Warren, 25% Tax Limit, Lobby Law, Mellorine, Central Valley Project, Tenney Report, Robert Condon, GOP
Presidential Delegation Survey, Richard Graves Hoax Data, and Tidelands.
f)
Computer Mailings Lists. 1971-1973. 1 cubic foot. Box 139. - Lists relating to fundraising and press contacts.
