Diocesan Heritage Series collection

Finding aid prepared by David Rios, Special Research Projects Director.

Special Collections & University Archives

The UCR Library

P.O. Box 5900

University of California

Riverside, California 92517-5900

Phone: 951-827-3233

Fax: 951-827-4673

Email: specialcollections@ucr.edu

URL: http://library.ucr.edu/libraries/special-collections-university-archives

Descriptive Summary

Title: Diocesan Heritage Series collection

Date (inclusive): 1984-2008, undated

Date (bulk): 1984-1992

Collection Number: MS 312

Creator: Harley, R. Bruce

Extent: 0.42 linear feet (1 box)

Repository: Rivera Library. Special Collections Department.

Riverside, CA 92517-5900

Abstract: This collection is primarily comprised of manuscripts, and some corresponding published articles/materials, written by Dr. R. Bruce Harley regarding Agua Mansa/La Placita and related New Mexican history, the Catholic Church in southern California, and March Air Force Base, focusing on the area that is now Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. Harley earned his PhD in history from the University of Iowa and spent his career teaching U.S. and world history, eventually becoming the historian for the U.S. Air Force and later the archivist for the Diocese of San Bernardino.

Languages: The collection is in English.

Access

This collection is open for research.

Publication Rights

Copyright Unknown: Some materials in these collections may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, the reproduction, and/or commercial use, of some materials may be restricted by gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing agreement(s), and/or trademark rights. Distribution or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. To the extent other restrictions apply, permission for distribution or reproduction from the applicable rights holder is also required. Responsibility for obtaining permissions, and for any use rests exclusively with the user

Preferred Citation

[identification of item], [date if possible]. Diocesan Heritage Series collection (MS 312). Special Collections & University Archives, University of California, Riverside.

Acquisition Information

Provenance unknown.

Processing History

Processed by David Rios, Special Research Projects Director, 2017.

Biographical Note

Robert Bruce Harley was born in 1918 in Minnesota. In 1940 he graduated with a bachelor's degree in history from William Penn University and a year later with a master's degree from Haverford College in Pennsylvania. He served in the U.S. Army from 1941-1945 in Great Britain, North Africa, and Italy as a combat engineer, landing craft engineer, and a heavy cargo truck driver. He resumed his graduate studies at the University of Iowa, graduating in 1948 with a doctorate, specializing in American colonial history. He taught at Western Illinois University for 11 years during which time he met and married Clara Horcasitas of New Mexico. In 1959 he was employed by the U.S. Air Force serving mostly at March Air Force Base in Riverside, California but also in Germany. In 1983 he transitioned from the Air Force to become the first archivist for the Catholic Diocese of San Bernardino until 1998. He died in Redlands, California in 2008 and was buried in the Riverside National Cemetery.

Many of his manuscripts were published as stand-alone articles in various publications and/or formed part of the twelve volume Readings in Diocesan Heritage or the single volume The Story of Agua Mansa: Its Settlement, Churches, and People.

Collection Scope and Contents

This collection is primarily comprised of manuscripts, and some corresponding published articles/materials, written by Dr. R. Bruce Harley regarding Agua Mansa/La Placita and related New Mexican history, the Catholic Church in southern California, and March Air Force Base, focusing on the area that is now Riverside and San Bernardino Counties.

Collection Arrangement

This collection is arranged into four series. Please note that initial articles (A, An, The) in English are ignored, but are kept in the alphabetization in Spanish (El Carmelo). Abbreviations are alphabetized as if spelled out (e.g., Msgr = Monsignor, Rev = Reverend, St = Saint). The series arrangement of this collection is as follows:

Series 1. Agua Mansa, 1985-1997, undated
Series 2. Catholic Church, 1985-1994, undated
Series 3. Junípero Serra, 1984-1986, undated
Series 4. Other, 1987-2008, undated

Related materials compiled by R. Bruce Harley or in which his articles appear:

Note: Copies of the following publications can be located in the UCR Library collection by searching the online catalog.

Readings in diocesan heritage, vols. 1-12
The story of Agua Mansa : its settlement, churches and people ; first community in San Bernardino Valley, 1842-1893
Beacon (March Air Force Base)
Crossroads (Colton Area Museum)
Heritage tales (City of San Bernardino Historical & Pioneer Society)
Odyssey (City of San Bernardino Historical & Pioneer Society)
Quarterly (San Bernardino County Museum Association)
Spanish Traces

Related Collections

Two related collections held at repositories outside UCR include:

Diocese of San Bernardino. Office of Archives. 1201 East Highland Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92402. Telephone: 909.475.5399
City of San Bernardino Norman F. Feldheym Library. Arda Haenszel California Room. 555 W 6th Street, San Bernardino, CA 92410. Telephone: 909.381.8208. Note: in addition to the regular files, the archive of the San Bernardino Valley Genealogical Society is housed at this location.

Indexing Terms

The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.

Subjects

Serra, Junípero, Saint, 1713-1784

Harley, R. Bruce

Agua Mansa (Calif.)

Catholic Church

Riverside County (Calif.)

San Bernardino County (Calif.)

Genres and Forms of Materials

Articles

Correspondence

Genealogies (histories)

Manuscripts

Series 1. Agua Mansa 1985-1997, undated

Series Scope and Contents

This series contains manuscripts, correspondence, a bibliography, and an historical tour proposal covering the settlements of Agua Mansa/La Placita as well as specific individuals who lived there and their New Mexican roots.

Series Arrangement

This series is arranged alphabetically within each folder number. Initial articles (A, An, The) in English are ignored. Example, "A bell…" is filed in the "b" section.

Box 1, Folder 1

"Abiquiu, New Mexico: ancestral home of the Agua Mansans" by R. Bruce Harley (39p., includes footnotes) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"The Agua Mansa Cemetery" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Agua Mansa history tour" by R. Bruce Harley (6p., includes map with attachments) 1996

Box 1, Folder 1

"Agua Mansa: the valley's first post-mission settlement, 1842-1893, Narrative" by R. Bruce Harley (15p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Agua Mansa writings" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) April 1990

Box 1, Folder 1

"Agua Mansa writings in conjunction with the 150th anniversary of the pioneers' arrival, 9 November 1842 – 9 November 1992" by R. Bruce Harley pages unnumbered) 1992

Box 1, Folder 1

"A bell for Agua Mansa" by R. Bruce Harley (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Diocese's first church survives flood, quicksand" by Bruce Harley and Kathleen Mitchell Inland Catholic (pages unnumbered) 1985 October 24

Box 1, Folder 1

"Fate overtakes Agua Mansa" by R. Bruce Harley (5p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"A flood nearly destroys the first San Salvador Parish" by R. Bruce Harley (7p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"From Abiquiu to California, 1842" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Letter to Ms. Gladys Murphy" by R. Bruce Harley (page unnumbered) 1990 October 24

Box 1, Folder 1

"Letter to Tom [Patterson?]" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered) 1997 January 3

Box 1, Folder 1

"Office memo to Bishop Phillip Straling about Agua Mansa Church" by R. Bruce Harley (2p.) 1990 March 29

Box 1, Folder 1

"Pablo Belarde, the last Agua Mansan" by R. Bruce Harley (13p., includes table) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Padre Pedro: bishop from Agua Mansa" by R. Bruce Harley (15 p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"The pastors at Agua Mansa's San Salvador Parish" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"The Peralta land fraud case" by R. Bruce Harley (18p., includes footnotes) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Proposal for a San Bernardino County Museum Quarterly Volume 43 (2), Spring 1996, entitled 'Historical tour of Agua Mansa, La Placita and San Salvador pioneer sites, 1842-1893'" by R. Bruce Harley (unnumbered pages, includes bibliography and attachments) 1995

Box 1, Folder 1

"Research sheds light on early Spanish-speaking communities" by Tom Patterson in The Press-Enterprise (p.B-2) 1986 June 15

Box 1, Folder 1

"Student's search for settler's past" by Floyd Rinehart in San Bernardino Sun (p.B-1) 1986 April 21

Box 1, Folder 1

"Vanished Spanish-speaking communities revisited in book" by Tom Patterson in The Press-Enterprise (p.B-7) 1992 April 19

Box 1, Folder 1

"When did the Agua Mansa chapel close?" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 1

"Where was Isaac Slover buried?" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Series 2. Catholic Church 1985-1994, undated

Series Scope and Contents

This series contains manuscripts and book lists related to the history of the Catholic Church, primarily in what is now Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. It excludes materials with relation to the Catholic Church that are found in Series 1 and 3 of this collection.

Series Arrangement

This series is arranged alphabetically within each folder. Initial articles (A, An, The) in English are ignored, but are kept in the alphabetization in Spanish (El Carmelo). Example, "The beginnings…" is filed in the "b" section whereas "El Carmelo…" is filed in the "e" section. Abbreviations are alphabetized as if spelled out (e.g., Msgr = Monsignor, Rev = Reverend, St = Saint). Folders 5 and 8 contain spiral bound material that has been separated from the manuscripts and appear at the end of the appropriate series.

Box 1, Folder 2

"Aeneas and Catherine Quinn: pioneer church patrons of San Bernardino" by R. Bruce Harley (6p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Area's asistencia history needs a bit of correction" by Tom Patterson in The Press-Enterprise (p. B2) 1988 January 10

Box 1, Folder 2

"The beginnings of St. Bernardine's Parish, 1862-1872" by R. Bruce Harley (7p., includes footnotes) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Benedict Castle: former home of Our Lady of Riverside Seminary, 1952-1971" by R. Bruce Harley (6p., includes table and bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Booklists, Office of Archives, San Bernardino Diocese" by R. Bruce Harley (most booklists pages unnumbered) April 1989-January 1990

Box 1, Folder 2

"Brief history of St. Mary's Parish, Redlands" by R. Bruce Harley (3p., includes bibliography and table) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"The Catholic Church in the Anza area" by R. Bruce Harley (5p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 5

"The Catholic Church in the County of San Bernardino, 1819-1987" by R. Bruce Harley (89p., includes tables and bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"The Catholic Church in the Highgrove area" by R. Bruce Harley (4p., includes tables and bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"The Catholic Church in the metropolitan San Bernardino area" by R. Bruce Harley (44p., includes footnotes and tables) undated

Box 1, Folder 5

"The Catholic Church in the Redlands area, 1830-1988" by R. Bruce Harley (23p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"The Catholic Churches in the San Jacinto area" by R. Bruce Harley (4p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Centennial history of the Roman Catholic Church in Riverside County, 1886-1986" by R. Bruce Harley (60p., includes tables and bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"A Christmas Eve birth in Riverside County" by R. Bruce Harley (5p., includes sidebar) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Chronology of Catholic parish formation, Diocese of San Bernardino, Riverside County" by R. Bruce Harley (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Critique of two San Bernardino historical traditions" by R. Bruce Harley (3p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Diocese of San Bernardino, California" by R. Bruce Harley (5p.) [Parish list by city] undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"Early pioneers help establish St. Bernardine Church" by R. Bruce Harley in Inland Catholic, (p.7) [Aeneas and Catherine Quinn] 1987 May 14

Box 1, Folder 2

"El Carmelo retreat house" by R. Bruce Harley (2p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 2

"El Carmelo retreat house" by R. Bruce Harley in Odyssey (Quarterly of the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 10(3):43-44) July-September 1988

Box 1, Folder 3

"Father Brady and the 1910 St. Bernardine's Church" by R. Bruce Harley (11p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Father Dave: founder of Black parishes in Riverside and San Diego" by R. Bruce Harley (4p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Father George L. Willard: Indian educator" by R. Bruce Harley (2p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Father Kerfs and high desert 'railroad parishes'" by R. Bruce Harley (11p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Franciscan mission and Mexican ranchos in the Inland Empire" by R. Bruce Harley (8p., includes bibliography and map) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Fray Francisco Garces" by R. Bruce Harley in Odyssey (Quarterly of the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 8(4):58-61) [no bibliography] October-December 1986

Box 1, Folder 3

"Fray Francisco Garces: explorer and martyr" by R. Bruce Harley (7p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"History of St. Bernardine Parish, San Bernardino, California, 1862-1987" by R. Bruce Harley (14p., includes bibliography and table) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"History of St. Francis de Sales Church, Riverside, California" (5p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Indian mission chapels of Riverside County" by R. Bruce Harley (15p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"A journey over the Mojave and Bradshaw Trails" by R. Bruce Harley (11p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"The life and times of a pioneer merchant: Aeneas Quinn, 1800-1870" by R. Bruce Harley (18, 5p., includes footnotes) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"List of Catholic names, burials at San Bernardino Cemetery (Seccombe Lake State Park)" by R. Bruce Harley (4p.) May 1990

Box 1, Folder 3

"Monsignor Bradley: preservation pastor" by R. Bruce Harley (12p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Msgr. Peter Lynch: Vicar of Riverside" by R. Bruce Harley (4p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 3

"Monsignor Thomas J. Fitzgerald: Vicar of Redlands" by R. Bruce Harley (13p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Padre Francisco Dumetz: first missionary to San Bernardino?" by R. Bruce Harley (11p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Padre of Route 66" by R. Bruce Harley (8p, include bibliography) [Father Leo Hanley] undated

Box 1, Folder 4

Padre of Route 66 by R. Bruce Harley in Route 66 magazine (page unnumbered) 1994

Box 1, Folder 4

"Padre Tomas Estenga: last missionary to San Bernardino" by R. Bruce Harley (6p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"The parish schools of St. Bernardine's, 1921-1971" by R. Bruce Harley (10p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Pioneer priest established diocese's first black parish" by R. Bruce Harley in Inland Catholic 8(10):1,6 1987 March 12

Box 1, Folder 4

"A pioneer teacher" by R. Bruce Harley in Odyssey (Quarterly of the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 10(4):52-53,57-58) [Sister Anna Francis at St. Boniface Industrial School for Indians] October – December 1988

Box 1, Folder 4

"Premier missionary to the Indians" by R. Bruce Harley (5p.) [Father B. Florian Hahn] undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Publications and writings " by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered) January 1990

Box 1, Folder 4

"Ramona play sparks interest in area lore" by Bill Jennings in The Riverside Press-Enterprise (p.B-2) 1986 April 22

Box 1, Folder 4

"Rev. Juan Caballeria: historian or storyteller? Rethinking the 1810 Dumetz expedition" by R. Bruce Harley (23p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Rev. Nicholas Conneally: master builder" by R. Bruce Harley (5p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Rev. P. J. Stockman: pastor, missionary, educator, and church founder, 1874-1895" by R. Bruce Harley (7, 2p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"St. Boniface Indian School Cemetery" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered., includes bibliography and list of burials) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"St. Boniface Indian School Cemetery" by R. Bruce Harley (2p., includes bibliography and list of burials) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"St. Catherine's School: San Bernardino's first Catholic school" by R. Bruce Harley (13p., includes footnotes) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"St. Francis de Sales one of earliest southland churches" by R. Bruce Harley in Inland Catholic, 8(2):1, 6 1987 January 15

Box 1, Folder 4

"St. Mary's roots go back beyond founding of parish in 1937" by R. Bruce Harley in Inland Catholic, (p.11) 1987 April 30

Box 1, Folder 4

"San Bernardino's Guadalupe School, 1919-1989" by R. Bruce Harley (4p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"San Timoteo Chapel" by R. Bruce Harley (2p., includes bibliography) [Same text as Odyssey article] undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"San Timoteo Church" by R. Bruce Harley in Odyssey (Quarterly of the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 9(4):60) [no bibliography] October-December 1987

Box 1, Folder 4

"Second annual report, fiscal year 1984-85, for the Diocesan Office of Archives" by R. Bruce Harley (2, 6p., includes table) 1985 August 30

Box 1, Folder 5

"Selections from the Diocesan Heritage Series: a Christmas Eve birth in Riverside County; tales out of an 1880s school; a pioneer teacher at St. Boniface Indian School" by R. Bruce Harley (5, 5, 6p.) ["a compilation of those articles which, by the interest shown, have been particularly popular with women readers'] undated

Box 1, Folder 4

"Tales out of school" by R. Bruce Harley in Odyssey (Quarterly of the City of San Bernardino Historical and Pioneer Society, 9(1): 9-10) [St. Catherine's convent school] January-March 1987

Box 1, Folder 4

"Who was buried in San Bernardino's first cemetery?" by R. Bruce Harley (pages unnumbered, includes bibliography) undated

Series 3. Junípero Serra 1984-1986, undated

Series Scope and Contents

This series contains copies of interviews and articles related to the beatification process of Junípero Serra.

Series Arrangement

This series is arranged alphabetically within each folder. Initial articles (A, An, The) in English are ignored. Example, "The cause…" is filed in the "c" section.

Box 1, Folder 6

"The cause of Junipero Serra" by Francis F. Guest, Fr, O.F.M, Ph.D., archivist Santa Barbara Mission Archive-Library (16p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

"Copies of original testimony for the cause of Father Serra (Processus ordinarius montereyensis-fresnensis in causa beatificationis et canonizationis servi Dei, Juniperi Serra)" by unknown interviewer with Emma Butler Ambrosia (p.35-40) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

"Father Junipero Serra: biography" by unknown author (pages unnumbered) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

"Father Junipero Serra, the man" by unknown author (4p.) [quotes from interviewees Michael Mathis, Harry Kelsey, David Hornbeck, Iris Engstrand, Gloria Miranda, Fr. Francis F. Guest] undated

Box 1, Folder 6

"He was short in stature, big in will" by unknown author (1p) Reprint from: Escondido Times-Advocate 1986 October 5

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. David Hornbeck, Cal State Northridge: "What would have happened if the mission system had not come to California?" (8p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. Doyce B. Nunis, Jr., USC: " Was Father Serra a brutal man who enslaved the Indians and completely destroyed their culture? If the mission system had not come to California, who would have?" (9p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. Gloria E. Miranda, Los Angeles Valley College: "What is your area, your specialty, in terms of history?" (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. Harry Kelsey, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History: "I understand that one of your areas of expertise is the California mission era" (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. Iris Engstrand, Univ. of San Diego: "What is your area of expertise in terms of the California mission system?" (5p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Dr. Michael Mathes, Univ. of San Francisco: "Some people seem to think the indian population of California would still be living here in their natural state if the Franciscans had not arrived. Is that possible?" (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with John Johnson, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History: "What is your special area of expertise anthropologically in relation to the mission system in California?" (8p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Interview with Norman Neuerburg, Cal State Dominguez Hills: "Why do you think that now, after all this time, people are coming out against Father Serra?" (4p.) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

"List of Serra report interviewees" by unknown author (pages unnumbered) undated

Box 1, Folder 6

Monterey bishop releases report countering criticism of Serra: Bishop Shubsda invites detractors to produce proof (8p.) 1986 November 24

Box 1, Folder 6

"San Fernando Velicatá: Serra's first California mission (1769-1773)" by W. Michael Mathes (pages unnumbered) [Special reprint from The Californians September/October 1984

Box 1, Folder 6

"Serra and the founding of San Diego—birthplace of American California" by Iris H. W. Engstrand (pages unnumbered) [Special reprint from The Californians September/October 1984

Box 1, Folder 6

"The Serra report: executive summary" by Most Reverend Thaddeus Shubsda, Bishop, Diocese of Monterey (2p.) undated

Series 4. Other 1987-2008, undated

Series Scope and Contents

This series includes manuscripts, published articles, and other material pertaining to the history and genealogy of the Jacob L. Harley family, the town of Alessandro, March Air Force Base, the Bradshaw Trail, and Senator William A. Conn.

Series Arrangement

This series is arranged alphabetically within each folder. Folder 8 contains spiral bound material and has been separated from the manuscripts and appears at the end of this series.

Box 1, Folder 7

"Alessandro: a "lost" town of San Bernardino County" by R. Bruce Harley (6p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 7

"Bradshaw Trail is retraced" by Terri Hardy in The Press-Enterprise (p.B-3) 1990 March 30

Box 1, Folder 7

"Father of San Bernardino Valley: Senator William A. Conn" by R. Bruce Harley (10p. includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 7

Map title: "March A. F. B., Cal. 92508" undated

Box 1, Folder 7

"March Field: bastion of airpower" by R. Bruce Harley (5p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 7

"March Field's first training era, 1918-1921" by R. Bruce Harley (21p., includes footnotes and bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 7

"Now is the time for exploring the Bradshaw Trail" by Tom Patterson in The Press-Enterprise (p.B-2) 1987 October 25

Box 1, Folder 7

Obituary: "Robert Bruce Harley" by unknown author in The Press-Enterprise? (p.D-3) 2008 July 29

Box 1, Folder 7

"On the trail of discovery" by Tom Patterson in The Press-Enterprise (p.B-2) 1992 June 07

Box 1, Folder 7

"The San Jacinto Rancho" by R. Bruce Harley (5p., includes bibliography) undated

Box 1, Folder 8

"History and genealogy of the Jacob Leonidas Harley family, Elwood, Illinois, 1830-1997" by Robert Bruce Harley, Sr. (63 p., includes bibliography, maps, photos) March 1997

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