index XXVa, folder 2w
New Haven Conference of the Unions of Russian Workers in the
United States and Canada
1916
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVa, folder 2x
Oberuchev in New York to raise funds to aid Russian prisoners
of war
1916
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVa, folder 2y
New York meeting of the Society to Aid Political Exiles in
Siberia
1917
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVa, folder 2z
Correspondence between Russian revolutionaries abroad
(France, Belgium, England) with Russian immigrants in the United
States
1895
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
box 215
b. Russian domestic and foreign sources to aid the
revolutionaries
Scope and Contents note
Folder 1 contains a general collection of documents on the activities of
the revolutionaries at home and abroad to secure funds for their cause.
In Folders 2 and 3, the dispatches (titled individually in the inventory
to each folder) refer to the results of the constant campaigns for
funds. Money was collected from all and any sources available -- wealthy
individuals, legacies, collections and meetings, lectures, sale of
literature, membership dues, etc. Money was needed to maintain the
revolutionary leaders and fighting terrorist unit for the purpose of
arms and explosives, publications, and operational expenses of all
sorts.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 1
Dispatches pertaining to Russian domestic and foreign sources
to aid the revolutionaries
1895-1917
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2a
Account of a committee to help political prisoners in
Russia
1893
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2b
A Czech offering information on revolutionaries
counterfeiting money
1906
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2c
Revolutionaries attempting to get a share of a large estate
left by Nikolai Schmidt
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2
Appeal of the International Committes to Aid Unemployed
Workers in Russia
1908
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2e
Fiscal support of the Paris Group for Collaboration with the
Socialist Revolutionaries
1908
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2
Intercepted letter giving the financial statement of a
revolutionary organization
1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2g
Appeal of the Central Committee to a number of lecturers in
order to raise funds; Burtsev's financial difficulties
1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2h
Concerts and plays of the London anarchist club to aid the
revolutionaries
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2i
Rich merchant Michael Treitner giving large sums to Socialist
Revolutionaries
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2j
Vera Figner's Paris Committee to Aid Political Prisoners in
Russia
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2k
Rumors that the Japanese government offered Russian
revolutionaries large sums of money in 1905 for sabotage work in
Russia
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2l
Organization of a Treasury to Aid Political Convicts and
Prisoners in Liege
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2m
Financial report of the Paris Group for Collaboration wit the
Socialist Revolutionary Party
1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2n
Rich merchant Semigradova in Kiev contributing large sums to
revolutionaries
1911
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2o
Financial reports of the Oblast' Committee of Socialist
Revolutionary organizations abroad and of the Brussels Socialist
Revolutionary group
1910-1911
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2p
Son of rich merchant Fedotov giving financial help to the
revolutionaries
1911
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2q
Financial statement of the Sazonov Library of the Paris
Socialist Revolutionary Group
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2r
Lausanne meeting of the Committee to Aid Convicts; funds to
be sent to Vera Figner
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2s
Offer of 150,000 francs made to Savinkov for terrorist
acts
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2t
Lecture by Aleksinskii to raise funds for the Vpered
group
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2u
Committee of the Zurich émigré Treasury
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 2v
Report on an alleged offer of funds made to Savinkov for
terrorist purposes
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3a
Funds received by Boris Savinkov for terrorist
purposes
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3b
Financial report of the Paris Socialist Revolutionary
Group
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3c
Arrival of Moscow millionaire Shakhov in Paris to help
revolutionaries
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3
Rich woman Sharzhinskaia and the interest of the
revolutionaries in her money
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3e
Financial aid from Moscow tea merchants, the Vysotskii
family
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3
Indications that Nathanson received 30,000 rubles for
terrorist purposes
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3g
Antwerp Union of Russian Sailors headed by
Anichkin
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3h
Coupons to raise money for the Latvian Social Democratic
Party
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3i
Fund-raising activities of the Latvian Social Democratic
Party
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3j
Berlin students raising money to help political prisoners in
Russia
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3k
Memo requesting identification of individual who donated
30,000 rubles to the Fighting Unit
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3l
Irregularities in the funds of the revolutionary
treasury
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3m
Barthold to get a sum of money for terrorist
purposes
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3n
Zurich and Basel societies to aid political prisoners in
Russia
1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3o
Basel meeting of the "Locan Union to Aid Exiles,"
1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3p
Fundraising lecture in Zurich
1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3q
Appeal for funds of the "Union of Russian Seaman" in
London
1915
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3r
Vera Figner's Geneva "Group to Aid Political Exiles and
Prisoners,"
1915
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3s
Donations by Moscow millionaires, the Morozovs
1915
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3t
Bern Conference of émigré Treasuries in
Switzerland
1916
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 3u
Appeal of the Central Secretariat of émigré Treasuries in
Switzerland
1916
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVb, folder 5
Reference: See intelligence summary no. 133, April 14, 1905,
on the organization of a mutual insurance fund for members of
Socialist Revolutionary and Social Democratic groups, in XIIIc(2),
folder 6
box 215
c. Expropriation, counterfeiting, and banditries
Scope and Contents note
"Expropriations," after the uprisings of 1905, became the policy,
strategy, and tactics of the revolutionaries in general, particularly of
the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. As a proletarian party, the
latter was always in greater need of funds than the Socialist
Revolutionaries, who had in their ranks a larger proportion of
well-to-do members than Lenin's group. In essence, "expropriations" were
nothing more than banditries serving as a source of funding the
revolution and at the same time hurting the regime, creating chaos, and,
with propaganda, serving as another slogan against capitalist
oppression.
Folder 1 contains a number of dispatches exchanged between Headquarters
and the Paris Office and pertaining to acts of expropriation and
banditry committed by the Russian revolutionaries from 1893 to 1915. The
documents in Folder 2 refer to specific banditries on a large scale,
such as the Tiflis robbery (April 1907), Tashkent (1906) and Odessa
(1907). There is also a brief (in German) prepared by the Munich police
on Kamo-Mirskii's efforts to exchange Russian bank notes stolen at
Tiflis (see XXVIIc), reports on the counterfeiting of bank notes
(Leventhal), etc. A set of clippings from London newspapers on the
attempted robbery at Houndsditch completes the file.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 1
Miscellaneous documents pertaining to expropriations by the
revolutionaries
1893-1915
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2a
Popov affair and description of a swindle with Russian
stocks
1893
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2b
Aleksandr Belentsov, participant of a Moscow bank holdup, in
Zurich
1906
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2c
Brothers Kereselidze and Nestor Magalov, who stole 315,000
rubles from a state treasury in Tiflis
1906
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2
Extradition of participants in the Tiflis holdup from
Switzerland
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2e
Circular announcing rewards for the apprehension of
individuals involved in stealing 544,000 rubles from Tashkent and
Aulieatinsk finance offices
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2
Revolutionary plans to commit a large-scale robbery in a
Caucasian city
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2g
Bank robberies in Odessa
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2h
Attack on a train en route from Tiflis to Batumi
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2i
Kamo's role in the Tiflis holdup; his plans for other
expropriations
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2j
Brief on the Tiflis robbery prepared in German by the Munich
police
1908
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2k
Disposition of the money stolen in the Verkhnedneprovsk
holdup
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2l
Litvinov's and Krassin's talks on counterfeiting bank notes
following the Tiflis holdup
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2m
Disposition of the money from the Tiflis holdup
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2n
Agent Tsetlin and her suit against the revolutionaries for
stealing her money
1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2o
Robert Leventhal engaged in counterfeiting Russian currency
in Paris
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2p
Dispatch of revolutionaries for an expropriation
job
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2q
Reports on the suspected participants of the Tiflis
holdup
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 2r
Eight clippings referring to the attempted Houndsditch
robbery
Access
Available on microfilm reel 400
index XXVc, folder 4
Reference: For a letter from Munich on the Tiflis robbery,
see Vd, folder 1
index XXVc, folder 5
Reference: See outgoing telegram no. 145, 1910, regarding the
proposed plan of the revolutionaries to destroy money from the
Tiflis holdup, in XIIIb(2), folder 8
box 216
d. Extortion and blackmail
Scope and Contents note
Contains various documents referring to acts of blackmail and extortion,
perpetrated by the revolutionaries, or in their name. There is also a
list of Russians arrested in Lausanne (April 1908) in connection with
extortion letters sent to S. Shiro. Folder 2 has documents pertaining to
various cases of blackmail and extortion, such as Persitz, Prince
Trubetskoi, Ganeshin, Troitskii, Kokovashin, and Fontaine, and also
samples of threatening letters (1902-1912).
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 1
Dispatches pertaining to extortion and blackmail
1906-1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2a
Report on Agent Persitz, engaged in extortion from
diplomats
1902
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2b
Revolutionary posing as Prince Trubetskoi
1904
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2c
The Ganeshin case (attempts of the revolutionaries to swindle
him)
1906
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2
Attempts of revolutionaries to swindle Aleksandra Chuksina in
Moscow
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2e
Attempts of swindler Kokovashin to extort 350,000 rubles from
the Russian government
1907
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2
Blackmail in connection with former agent Paul
Fontaine
1911
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2g
Sample extortion letters sent by revolutionaries
1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
index XXVd, folder 2h
Documents pertaining to former agent Louis Feuger
1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
Scope and Contents note
Includes his letter to the MVD minister requesting re-employment.
index XXVd, folder 4
Reference: See notes on double agent Julieta, in
XIa
XXVI. Communications of the revolutionaries
a. Code systems
Scope and Contents note
The use of codes was not well developed by the revolutionaries.
Intercepted mail often illustrates the use of code words and
expressions, but full use of codes in digits was obviously rare. As some
examples in the folders illustrate, they were of a simple, easily
deciphered variety.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
box 216, index XVIa, folder 1a
Codes used in correspondence by the
revolutionaries
1895-1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
box 216, index XXVIa, folder 1b
Decoded letters
1903-1904
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
box 216, index XXVIa, folder 2
box 216, index XXVIa, folder 3
Reference: See intelligence summary no. 57, 1903, for a list
of the codes of different revolutionary organizations not yet broken
by the Okhrana, in XIIIc(2), folder 2
box 216, index XXVIa, folder 4
Reference: For the code system used by early Polish
revolutionaries, see the papers on Rapoport and Savitski, in
XIX
b. Secret writing
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
box 216, index XXVIb, folder 1
Intercepted letters of the revolutionaries, written with
invisible chemicals, which were later developed
1904-1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 401
box 216, index XXVIb, folder 2
c. Couriers
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIc, folder 1
Couriers of the revolutionaries
1903,
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
d. General
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVId, folder 1
Dispatch informing that the address of a Paris restaurant is
being used by the revolutionaries for mail
1911
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
XXVII. Methods of black propaganda, threats, poison pen
letters
a. Burtsev's exploitation of the case of Francisco
Leone
Scope and Contents note
The year 1913 was a turning point in the history of the Paris Okhrana
Office. Burtsev succeeded in completely exposing the Russian secret
police network in that city, thereby forcing the Paris Okhrana to change
its organizational structure and operational methods. One of the cases
used by Burtsev in his anti-Okhrana campaign was that involving
Francesco Leone, who was fired by the Paris Okhrana and went over to
Burtsev, giving him the information he acquired as an agent. The
documents in this file clearly reflect the great concern of Krasilnikov
for the security of his organization against the Burtsev-Leone
conspiracy.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIa, folder 1
Dispatches discussing the repercussions of Leone's turning to
Burtsev
1913-1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIa, folder 2
Notes on the dismissal of postmaster Christiani of Fezzano,
Italy, for aiding the Okhrana with mail interceptions
1914
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIa, folder 3
Agents' reports on Leone's turning to Burtsev
1912-1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIa, folder 4
Newspaper clippings on the Russian police in Paris and Italy
based on Leone's revelations
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIa, folder 5
b. Burtsev's campaign against Garting
Scope and Contents note
In early 1909 the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Burtsev succeeded in
exposing the Chief of the Paris Okhrana Office, Baron Arkadii
Mikhailovich Garting, as one Heckelman-Landesen who, in 1890, was
convicted by a French court to five years imprisonment for illegal
possession of explosives. The documents in this file cover the period
from November 26, 1908, to February 10, 1910, and consist primarily of
frantic dispatches from Garting to the home office in St. Petersburg
about Burtsev's persecution.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIb, folder 1
Dispatches concerning Burtsev's campaign against Garting of
the Paris Okhrana
1908-1910
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIb, folder 2
box 216, index XXVIIb, folder 3
Reference: See outgoing telegram, 1909, on the effect of
Burtsev's exposure of Garting's position, in XIIIb(2), folder
7
box 216, index XXVIIb, folder 4
Reference: See outgoing telegram, 1909, with Garting's pleas
for help against Burtsev's campaign against him, in XIIIb(2), folder
7
box 216, index XXVIIb, folder 5
Reference: See outgoing telegram, 1909, asking Headquarters
to direct the Paris Embassy to advise the French press that Garting
and Landesen are not the same person, in XIIIb(2), folder
7
c. Exploitation of Kamo's case against Russian and German
security organs
Scope and Contents note
The earliest document in this file on Semen Ter-Petrosian ("Kamo,"
"Dmitrii Mirskii") is an outgoing dispatch dated October 12, 1907,
referring to "Kamo" as a young but highly active and daring
revolutionary terrorist greatly valued by all Bolsheviks, including
Lenin and "Nikitich." The report points out that "Kamo" was a key figure
in the purchase of arms for revolutionaries in collaboration with
Litvinov. Another report gives brief biographical sketch of that
individual along with his career as a holdup artist of major proportions
and a description of his great friendship with Lenin. When "Kamo" was
arrested in Berlin in an apartment stocked with bombs and explosives,
which he shared with a secret Okhrana agent, the Social Democratic
circles succeeded in initiating a campaign accusing the Okhrana agent of
planting the explosives in the apartment as an act of provocation,
thereby causing considerable embarrassment to the Okhrana. "Kamo"
successfully feigned insanity and was committed to a German asylum. The
documents in this file also indicate that "Kamo" organized and
participated in two holdups in Georgia, in Tiflis and on the Georgian
Military Road. (See Index Numbers XXVb and XXVc for further information
concerning the Georgian holdups. )
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIIc, folder 1
Headquarters circular, dispatches, and other materials on
Simon Ter-Petrosian (Kamo, Dmitrii Mirskii)
1907-1908
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
Scope and Contents note
Includes documents on his activities as a terrorist, his arrest in
Berlin, and his commitment to a mental institution in Germany.
d. Threats upon the lives of security personnel, communist
intimidation
Scope and Contents note
The Russian revolutionaries abroad utilized intimidation and threats to
extort funds and to control the activities or to do away with certain
government leaders and police officials. (See XXIVi, XXVc, and XXVd for
additional information.) The documents in this file pertain to the
murder of agent "Iost"- Chizhikov, the alleged suicide of agent
Lisovskii, Burtsev's action against Garting and the Paris Okhrana, the
terrorist Emma, accounts of the attempted assassination of Okhrana
Colonel von Kotten by Rips, and the assassination of Colonel Karpov.
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 1
Dispatches concerning the murder of Agent Chizhikov ("Yost,"
"Est")
1908-1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 2
Reports on the alleged suicide of Agent Lisovskii
1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 3
Burtsev's action against Garting and against the Paris
Okhrana in general
1909-1912
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 4
Terrorist Emma and her access to a Riga prison
1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 5
Accounts of the attempt on the life of staff agent von Kotten
by Rips
1909-1913
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 6
Notes and telegrams referring to the assassination of Colonel
Karpov
1909
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 7
Dispatches, notes, and reports on various matters
1905-1916
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 216, index XXVIId, folder 8
XXVIII. Miscellaneous
Access
This portion of the collection was not microfilmed.
Scope and Contents note
An assembly of various items preserved as found in the shipment by Ambassador
Maklakov. They remain with the collection as part of the original archive.
Items include unused stationery, papers, pencils, and erasers, and other
items found in the desk drawers of Okhrana Chief Krasil'nikov; stamps for
office use and sealing wax, folders of maps and European city plans;
telephone book, dictionaries, and a collection of calling cards.
index XXVIII, box 217
Office stamps for classifying, dating, serializing of documents,
etc.
index XXVIII, box 217
Pencils, pens, and sealing wax
index XXVIII, box 218
Personal telephone directory (some entries), alphabetized
portfolio (empty)
index XXVIII, box 218
Three printers' cuts of unidentified photographs
index XXVIII, box 218,
238
Unused stationary of the Russian Embassy in Paris and the M.V.D.
(Okhrana) office; official envelopes, one with the seal A.N.; unused
scrap paper pad; loose paper
index XXVIII, box 218
Assortment of medical prescriptions for Chief
Krasil'nikov
index XXVIII, box 219
Empty portfolio for Russian bank notes
index XXVIII, box 219
Four empty folders for filing incoming and outgoing
dispatches
index XXVIII, box 220
Erasers, tape, thread, items from writing desk drawer
index XXVIII, box 220
Collection of calling cards
index XXVIII, box 220
Three desk blotters and a ruler
index XXVIII, box 221-225, drawer O07
Miscellaneous papers, pamphlets and publications
Scope and Contents note
Includes letters of credit from the Crédit Lyonnais, post card albums,
travel guidebooks to various countries and cities, and foreign language
grammar books.
index XXVIII, box 225, drawer O07
Assorted maps and city plans of Europe
index XXVIII, box 226
Panoramic photographs of Switzerland, Russian Red Cross in
Stockholm pamphlet, and
Monitore
Italo-Russo,
no. 6, 1917
box 237
"Source Materials from the Okhrana Archives Pertaining to
Political Intervention of the Central Powers in the Russian
Revolutionary Movement," by Arsene G. Yourieff
circa 1916
box 238
French manuscript on Socialist Revolution
1908
box 238
Annotated piece of wood
undated
XXIX. Inventories
Access
Available on microfilm reel 402
box 228, index XXIX, folder 1
Packing list for the contents of 17 boxes prepared for shipping
on August 31, 1920