Finding aid for the Max Raphael papers, 1931-1990

Finding aid prepared by Rose Lachman.


Descriptive Summary

Title: Max Raphael papers
Date (inclusive): 1931-1990
Number: 920050
Creator/Collector: Raphael, Max, 1889-1952
Physical Description: 9.5 linear feet (18 boxes)
Repository:
The Getty Research Institute
Special Collections
1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 1100
Los Angeles, California, 90049-1688
(310) 440-7390
Abstract: Modernist art historian, born in Poland (1889), died in the United States (1952). Papers contain approximately 6 linear feet of manuscripts (many unpublished) on philosophy, artists and art (ancient, medieval and modern), the sociology of art, architects and architecture, as well as the natural sciences, literature and Marxism. Correspondence among his disciple Ilse Hirschfeld, his wife, Emma Raphael, Claude Schaefer, his literary executor and disciple, and publishers, editors, students, and scholars documents the efforts to translate, interpret, and publish his writings after his death. These letters, many of which are copies transcribed by Hirschfeld, primarily date between 1952-1989 and number over 2,000. In addition there are ca. 50 postcards, telegrams and letters from Max Raphael to Ilse Hirschfeld, 1932 and 1952. Forty-four reels of microfilm contain copies of the Raphael papers in the Germanishes Nationalmuseum, Nuremburg.
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Language: Collection material is in German

Biographical/Historical Note

Max Raphael, art historian and philosopher, was born August 27, 1889 in Schönlanke (West Prussia), Germany. Beginning in 1900 he studied jurisprudence and political economy with Gustav von Schmoller in Berlin and with Lujo Brentano in Münich. Against his father's wishes he changed his course of study to philosophy (with Georg Simmel) and the history of art (with Heinrich Wölfflin).
In 1911 he met Picasso, studied the works of the Impressionists and Matisse and Cezanne. He became friendly with Max Pechstein and artists of the Blaue Reiter school. Then in 1913 he published his first book, Von Monet zu Picasso which, as a dissertation, was turned down by Wölfflin. During 1912-1913 he lived in Paris and primarily worked on French medieval art, especially the stained glass of Chartres. Raphael moved to Lake Constance where he studied and wrote on such diverse topics as geology, biology, botany, medieval history and Shakespeare. He was inducted into the German army in 1915, deserted in 1917 and subsequently moved to Switzerland where he published a war diary, Geist wider Macht.
Raphael returned to Berlin in 1920 and published his second book, Idee and Gestalt, which he later rejected. He published articles in various art newspapers aligning himself with the Secessionist and Expressionist movements. Between 1925-1932 he taught at the Berlin Volkshochschule and it was here that he first confronted the Socialist movement. During this period he published Der dorische Tempel and Zur Kunsttheorie des dialektischen Materialismus.
In 1932 Raphael left Germany, resigning from the Volkshochschule after his course on dialectical materialism in Greece was rejected. Until 1939 he lived in Paris in very poor circumstances. With the help of friends he was able to publish Proudhon Marx Picasso in 1933 and Zur Erkenntnistheorie der konkreten Dialektik in 1934, with a French edition in 1938. During this time he studied the French Romanesque period, wrote on Flaubert, and wrote Arbeiter, Kunst und Künstler, not published until 1978. He also worked with the architect André Lurçat, in whose studio he gave lectures on modern architecture.
During World War II, Raphael was interned twice in France at Gurs and Les Milles but was able to immigrate to the United States in 1941. Until his death in 1952 he lived and worked in New York and was engaged with the problem of art history as a science. He wrote on the development of national socialism in Germany and began essays for his book, Kunstgeschichte als Wissenschaft. His essays on Egyptian and prehistoric art were based on his lectures at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and were meant to prove his theories of "empirischen Kunstwissenschaft". He published two books from this material, Prehistoric Cave Pottery in 1945 and Prehistoric Pottery and Civilization in Egypt in 1947. The compilation of his analysis of works by artists such as El Greco, Hals, Tintoretto, Giotto, Picasso and Cézanne, became the manuscript for Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein?. Two further volumes were planned, one on architecture and one on sculpture, as well as a three volume work, Zur Ikonographie der quaternären Kunst.
His works reflect his attempt to forge a scientific methodology, on material foundations, for the analysis of artistic creation and the sociology of art.
Raphael committed suicide on July 14, 1952. Through the efforts of his wife, Emma Raphael, and a disciple, Ilse Hirschfeld, many of Max Raphael's works have been translated and published.

Administrative Information

Access

Open for use by qualified researchers.

Publication Rights

Preferred Citation

Max Raphael papers, 1931-1989, Research Library, The Getty Research Institute, Accession no. 920050
http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifa920050

Acquisition Information

The Getty purchased the collection in 1992.

Processing History

After the 1992 purchase, some of the collection became disorganized when boxes fell in an earthquake. It was organized, arranged and described by Rose Lachman in late 1994.

Scope and Content of Collection

Max Raphael's manuscripts comprise the bulk of this collection. In his exploration of Marxist art theory and his attempt to establish a scientific methodology for art history he ranged widely in subject matter from prehistoric art to modernism, architecture and natural science, and this is reflected in these manuscripts which date from ca. 1931-1976. Of particular interest are his writings on philosophy, art, architecture, the sociology of art, Marxist theory of art and history as reflected through art. Many of the manuscripts are unpublished and undated, several contain Raphael's annotations and are filed with his notes and assorted printed ephemera. A number of the manuscripts were transcribed by others.
An extensive correspondence, 1941-1990 (bulk 1950-88), between disciples, publishers, scholars and students documents the attempts to interpret, translate and publish Raphael's work after his death in 1952. Significant correspondents include Raphael's disciple Ilse Hirschfeld, his wife Emma Raphael, Claude Schaffer, Raphael's executor and disciple, and Robert Cohen, editor of Raphael texts. Letters also concern the formation of the International Max Raphael Society. Many of the letters are copies transcribed by Ilse Hirschfeld. Also included are original letters, telegrams and postcards from Raphael to Ilse Hirschfeld, ca. 1932-1951, about his work and personal matters.
A disciple of Max Raphael, Ilse Hirschfeld sought his acquaintance after reading Von Monet zu Picasso. Beginning in 1928 she attended his guided tours at the Berlin Museum and his lectures at the Berlin, Volkshochschule. After Raphael immigrated she remained in constant touch with him until his death in New York. He made all his works available to her in manuscript form and after his death she committed herself to preparing his works for publication.
Manuscripts and correspondence includes Raphael's manuscripts, notes and printed ephemera (ca. 5 lin. ft.), as well as his letters to Ilse Hirschfeld (ca. 50 items). Correspondence about Raphael concerns the effort to promote and publish his writings after his death and comprises more than 2,000 letters. Also included are 4 notebooks by Hirschfeld documenting these efforts. Raphael papers on microfilm consists of 44 microfilm reels of the Raphael papers that were deposited with the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, ca. 1970. Included are partial photocopies from the reels and an inventory to the microfilm.

Arrangement note

Organized in three series: Series I. Manuscripts and correspondence, 1931-1990; Series II. Correspondence about Raphael, ca. 1945-1990; Series III. Raphael papers on microfilm, ca. 1931-1952

Indexing Terms

Subjects - Names

Cézanne, Paul, 1839-1906
Greco, 1541?-1614
Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
Matisse, Henri, 1869-1954
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973
Raphael, Max, 1889-1952

Subjects - Topics

Aesthetics
Aesthetics and the philosophy of art
Aesthetics, Modern--19th century
Aesthetics, Modern--20th century
Architecture
Architecture, Romanesque
Architecture, Romanesque--France
Art and society
Art, Prehistoric
Art--Philosophy
Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.)
Creation in art
Knowledge, Theory of
Painting, Modern
Painting, Modern--19th century
Painting, Modern--20th century
Philosophy, Marxist
Sculpture
Sculpture, Egyptian
Sculpture, Greek

Subjects - Titles

Arbeiter, kunst und künstler Demands of art Prehistoric cave paintings Proudhon, Marx, Picasso Theorie des geistigen Schaffens auf marxistischer Grundlage Von Monet zu Picasso

Contributors

Cohen, R. S. (Robert Sonné)
Hirschfeld, Ilse
Perret, Auguste, 1874-1954
Raphael, Emma
Schaefer, Claude


 

Series I. Manuscripts and Correspondence, 1931-1990

Physical Description: ca. 6 lin. ft. 10 boxes
Box 1, Folder 1

"Ethos - Ein Dialog über die sittlichen Grundlagen des Völkerrechts," 1915?

Scope and Content Note

Typescript in three parts with annotations at end and note to Ilse Hirschfeld about name changes in part 3; unpublished manuscript on Raphael's philosophy on moral foundations of the rights of man.
Box 1, Folder 2

Typescript, 1941

Scope and Content Note

Script on various topics of Raphael's philosophy, ethics and theory of art begun 3/41 while in French concentration camp at Les Milles; duplicate with addition of folder copy in Greek.
Box 1, Folder 3

Three typescript philosophical essays, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Essays on reasoning, physics and mathematics, "Der absolute Raum Newtons," "Das Trägheitsprinzip Newtons," "Über Newtons Prinzip actio-reactio."
Box 1, Folder 4

"Die pyrrhoneische Skepsis" and "Die neuromantische Auferstehung des Mittelalters und der kulturkämpferische Neuthomismus," 1931,

Scope and Content Note

Publications by R. "Die pyrrhoneische Skepsis" in "Philosophische Hefte" III Jahrg., Heft 1/2, (1931), addressing mysticism and skepticism. "Die neuromantische Auferstehung des Mittelalters und der kulturkämpferische Neuthomismus" appears in Neue Schweizer Rundschau (1931) pp. 261-264, addressing social philosophy and the church.
Box 1, Folder 5

"Natural sciences and historical science (Naturwissenschaft u. Geschichtswissenschaft)," "Economics and Ideologies," and "Philosophy of History." n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript notes for essays and lectures on the philosophy of history, partially in English.
Box 1, Folder 6

Manuscript and Typescripts, 1935, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Handwritten manuscript on Conques west portal with pen illustration. Typescript for unpublished book, Zur Aesthetik der romanischen Kirchen in Frankreich, part I in quadruple; typescripts in French, "Etudes sur les façades romanes en France," "Les sculpteurs du portail royal à Chartres," with two pages in manuscript, "Les fouilles de Lefêfvre-Fontalis;" manuscript annotations for, "Zur aesthetik der romanischen Kirchen in Frankreich;" typescript on visit to Chartres, in duplicate. Typescript photocopy of untitled essay, "Reise in Frankreich 1935?".
Box 1, Folder 7

Proofsheet, photographs, brochure, and postcards, 1935?

Scope and Content Note

Proofsheet, photographs and brochure of Vézelay. Set of postcards primarily depicting cathedrals in Senlis and Beauvais and Paris, Notre Dame.
Box 1, Folder 8

Typescripts, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript on sculpture, "Easter Island Statues" in English, followed by incomplete typescript in German.
Box 1, Folder 9

Typescript and manuscript essays, 1946

Scope and Content Note

Typescript and manuscript essays on sculpture, primarily Egyptian, "Buddha von Boro Budur," "Vergleich zwischen Ägypt., Sumerischer und Griechischer Plastik," in duplicate, "Sitzender in ägyptischer und sumerischer Kunst," "Stèle du roi serpent," "Statuen stehenden Figuren," "Vergleich Ägypten...," "Ägypten," "History of Egyptian sculpture and painting in the Old Kingdom" (1946), "The Scribe, Fifth Dynasty Egypt" in English;" copy illustrations of seated king scribe with pages of article, "Old Kingdom Courtiers...," and manuscript page with illustration; 2 copy photos from New York, Metropolitan Museum; publication by Henry G. Fischer, "Quelques Prétendues Antiquités de l'Ancien Empire."
Box 2, Folder 1

Essays, 1945

Scope and Content Note

Typescript compilation of essays with illustrations, "L'Art Parietal Prehistorique" in 3 chapters with an introduction by C. Schaefer about Raphael's methods of analyzing paleolithic art, in French; includes "Les Foundements de l'Art Parietal," "La Magie de la Main" and "La Composition de la bataille magique d'Altamira" which were published as Prehistoric Cave Paintings 1945, Bollingen Series IV.
Box 2, Folder 2

Typescript, 1943-1944

Scope and Content Note

Typescript for book on prehistoric art, Vorgeschichtliche Höhlenmalerei, in three chapters, "Die Grundlagen der paläolithischen Malerei," "Die Magie der Hand" and "Die Komposition der Zauberschlacht in Altamira" with manuscript annotations (later published in English by Bollingen Series IV as Prehistoric Cave Paintings); photocopy duplicate of book; manuscript for book with correspondence on reverse regarding deportation from concentration camp at Gurs.
Box 2, Folder 3

"Die Wiedergeburtsmagie in der Altsteinzeit," 1979

Scope and Content Note

Typescript essay with manuscript annotations in margins and at end, "Die Wiedergeburtsmagie in der Altsteinzeit," part I in 4 chapters (table of contents for parts I & II in duplicate and in English) published 1979 by Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main; includes partial publications, as a note, "The Seven Books of Arnobius Adversus Gentes, book 1" and "Heilige Handlung: Wasserweihe" by H. Usener; includes typescript partial definition of `Gnosticism' from Oxford Classical Dictionary.
Box 2, Folder 4

"Die Wiedergeburtsmagie in der Altsteinzeit," 1979

Scope and Content Note

Typescript with manuscript annotations for "Die Wiedergeburtsmagie in der Altsteinzeit," part II, published 1979 by Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main; duplicate preceded by manuscript annotations.
Box 3, Folder 1

"Jäger-Kultur des Paleolithikums." 1945

Scope and Content Note

Typescript essay with annotations in margin and introduction.
Box 3, Folder 2

Typescript essays, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Incomplete typescript essay with annotations in margin, "Kann die quaternäre Kunst interpretiert werden?" from "Ikonographie der quaternären Kunst," interpreting iconography of paleolithic art. Typescript essay, "Methodische Bemärkungen zur Interpretation der quaternären Kunst," interpreting paleolithic art.
Box 3, Folder 3

"Die altsteinzeit Jagdkultur" n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript essay with manuscript annotations in margin.
Box 3, Folder 4

"Der Begriff des geschichtlichen Fortschritts. Ein Beitrag zur Lösung des Problems der paleolithischen Kunst," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

(In English, "On the Concept of Progress in History. A Contribution to the Understanding of Quaternary Art.") Manuscript annotations.
Box 4, Folder 1

Typescript, photocopies, 1951-1952

Scope and Content Note

Typescript of first chapter, "Peirithoos (am Westgiebel des Zeustempel) in Olympia," for Der Klassische Mensch with annotations, analyzing content and methodology of classical Greek art; photocopy with Introduction; illustration of pediment; English summary of book; photocopy of article by Ludger Alscher, "Kompositionsgesetze der Olympiameister;" photocopy of incomplete article, "Description by Pausanias, Book V (Elis), 10."
Box 4, Folder 2

"Pre-Classical Art in the Cyclades," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Duplicate typescript photocopies of chapter, "Pre-Classical Art in the Cyclades," for Der Klassische Mensch in English and German with annotations in the margin, illustrations and study photo; incomplete duplicate pages; typescript and manuscript annotations. Duplicates of above chapter in English and German; two typescript letters about the second chapter.
Box 4, Folder 3

"Two grave stelae of the 6th century BC," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript in English with photocopies in English and German, comparing preclassic and classic stelae from the same century; photocopy illustrations followed by annotations; duplicate typescript in German, "Zwei Grabstelen des VI Jahrhunderts," with photocopy illustrations. Manuscript annotations for Der Klassische Mensch.
Box 4, Folder 4

"Two grave stelae of the 6th century BC." n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Duplicate typescript photocopy.
Box 4, Folder 5

"Vom unbekannten Plato" 10/9/32

Scope and Content Note

Newspaper clipping of Raphael's article, an essay on Plato, which appeared in "Neue Zürcher Zeitung."
Box 5, Folder 1

The Classical Man in Greek Art, 1948-1952

Scope and Content Note

Typescript photocopy of book, The Classical Man in Greek Art, with illustrations; typescript letter to Claude Schaefer regarding the book and response by Schaefer; annotations on the book; photocopy of manuscript annotations for above book; bibliographic references and notations for book; manuscript annotations for "Kouros;" two reprints, "Peirithoos oder Apollon?" by F. Dornseiff and "Über Giebelgruppen" by H. von Brunn.
Box 5, Folder 2

"Der Weg zum klassischen Menschen in der monumentalen Skulptur," 1960

Scope and Content Note

Transcript photocopy, in duplicate; incomplete duplicate in German; incomplete duplicate in English; typescript photocopy of essay on Greek sculpture (untitled). Duplicate typescript photocopy of "Nikandre u. Hera und Zwischenstatuen," with annotations and copy photos.
Box 5, Folder 3

"Katakomben." 1930-1934

Scope and Content Note

Typescript captions for a book of illustrations by Josef Wilpert.
Box 5, Folder 4

Typescript essays on architecture and architects, March 9-April 17, 1976

Scope and Content Note

Includes: "Lurçats Schulbau in Villejuif" with annotations, "Auguste Perrets Architekturtheorie," "La Conception architecturale d'Auguste Perret" with annotations, "Die Geometrie des Architekten," "Le soixantième anniversaire d'Auguste Perret," "Das Fenster von Auguste Perret;" Auguste Perret exhibition catalog dated March 9-April 17, 1976 including clipping about exhibition; "Programm für ein Museum der Künste," in English and German with manuscript annotations.
Box 6, Folder 1

Index, outline, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Manuscript index of works photocopied from folder describing contents for art history writings; manuscript outline for various essays entitled, "Führungen in Berliner Museen," copied by Emma Raphael from Max Raphael's notes.
Box 6, Folder 2

"Cézanne Stimulated by Breughel," 1960?

Scope and Content Note

Typescript, published in German in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart, a compilation of essays on art and artists of the 20th century.
Box 6, Folder 3

"Cézanne. Mt. St. Victoire," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript, published in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart and Demands of Art; notes from the catalog to the Metropolitan Museum's Cézanne show.
Box 6, Folder 4

"Das Erlebnis Matisse," 1951

Scope and Content Note

Manuscript, "Das Erlebnis Matisse," published in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart and Das Kunstblatt I:5 (May), pp.145-154.
Box 6, Folder 5

Typescript letter, 1951

Scope and Content Note

From R to C. Schaefer critiquing Raphael's first draft of the essay, "Guernica."
Box 6, Folder 6

Kurt Seligman, 1944, 3 Jan 1962

Scope and Content Note

Newspaper clipping on death of Surrealist artist Kurt Seligmann, dated 1/3/62; typescript on Kurt Seligmann painting exhibition (1944).
Box 6, Folder 7

"Quatre dessins de Henri Laurens," 1937

Scope and Content Note

Typescript, published in German in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart.
Box 6, Folder 8

Newspaper clipping, manuscript, essay 6 December 1932

Scope and Content Note

Newspaper clipping, "Erinnerungen um Picasso" and manuscript, "C.G. Jung vergreift sich an Picasso," both published in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart and Jung essay also in Information (Zurich) 6 December 1932, pp.4-7. Typescript essay, "Picasso als Graphiker."
Box 6, Folder 9

Typescript essays, 5 May 1933

Scope and Content Note

"Anmerkungen zum Barock," "Programm für ein Museum der Künste" and "Ein Jahrhundert französischer Karikatur," the latter in photocopy duplicate and published in Aufbruch in der Gegenwart and Deutsch-Französische Rundschau, VI:5 May 1933 pp.291-303. Partial, untitled typescript essay about museums.
Box 6, Folder 10

Typescripts, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript, unpublished photocopy in English, "Did Leonardo decipher a hieroglyph?"; typescript, unpublished essay, in duplicate, "Eine Anmerkung zum Abendmahl Leonardo's."
Box 6, Folder 11

Braques Raumgestaltungen, 1950

Scope and Content Note

Typescript of unpublished book, Braques Raumgestaltungen; index in French to Cahier de Georges Braques; two clippings; incomplete English transcript including synopsis of book, George Braque. His formations of space and their traditions.
Box 6, Folder 12

"Courbet Enterrement." n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Manuscript photocopy.
Box 6, Folder 13

Sculptures by Houdin, 1930-1938

Scope and Content Note

Postcards and study photos.
Box 6, Folder 14

Typescript essays on works of art, 1926

Scope and Content Note

Mostly from Raphael's studies in New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. 9 essays.
Box 6, Folder 15

From Altamira to Guernica, 1948

Scope and Content Note

Typescript outline for book on art history through illustrations; correspondence with Harper Bros. (publishers) regarding book.
Box 6, Folder 16

Typescript essays, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

2 essays: "Geschichte und Geschichtsbilder," on how art reflects history, "Young Artists Interviewed," and "Die Krisis in der Kunst," with manuscript annotations.
Box 18

Photo negatives

Scope and Content Note

(In cold storage)From Ilse Hirschfeld's collection, three sets of photo negatives of Max Raphael's writings with attached annotation, "additional film of ms. in I. Hirschfeld's material copied by Mrs. Raphael: Corot, Emp. Kunstw., Theorie..."
Box 7, Folder 1

Marx Picasso, 1932

Scope and Content Note

Incomplete photocopy from published book, with introduction, Marx Picasso (published in English as Proudhon Marx Picasso), study on Marxist theory of art; manuscript outline for book.
Box 7, Folder 2

Essays on Marxist art theory, Dezember 1937

Scope and Content Note

Typescripts include "Bildersintflut über Paris," "Die Ausstellung der Unabhängigen," "Die Bedeutung der Oktoberrevolution für die Entwicklung der Kultur," "Der Funke - Blätter für schweizerische und internationale Arbeiterkpolitik," published in Marxistische Arbeiterschaft der Schweiz, Dezember 1937, and "Marxismus und Geisteswissenschaft" in duplicate with manuscript annotations.
Box 7, Folder 3

Typescript essays, n.d. 1960

Scope and Content Note

Typescript published essay, "Das Sowjetpalais: eine marxistischer Kritik an einer reaktionären Architektur," planned as part 1 of "Studies on the Sociology of Art"; typescript essay, "Kritische Bemerkungen zum Sowjetpalais" with photocopy of the project; typescript essay, "Marxismus und Geistwissenschaft" in duplicate with manuscript annotations (translated as "Marxism and Humanities - A Critique of Leo Balet") was planned as part 2 of "Studies on the Sociology of Art."
Box 7, Folder 4

"Critical Studies of Toynbee, Gordon Childe, Hoernes, Heichelheim, Eduard Meyer," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript, series of essays on history and philosophy, some in duplicate. This was planned as part 3 for "Studies of the Sociology of Art".
Box 7, Folder 5

Zur Erkenntnistheorie der konkreten Dialektik, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript for revised book, now entitled, Theorie des geistigen Schaffens auf marxistischer Grundlage.
Box 7, Folder 6

Proudhon Marx Picasso; essay, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript preface and chapters one and three of the book on the sociology of art; chapter three in duplicate with annotations; includes single sheets with bibliographic material, correspondence and annotations. Partial typescript essay, "Thesen zur Erkenntnistheorie des dialektischen Materialismus," a German version of chapter two.
Box 7, Folder 7

"Die dialektische Methode bei Hegel, Marx und Lenin," n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Photocopy, in triplicate, of typescript introduction, followed by annotations.
Box 7, Folder 8

Arbeiter, Kunst und Künstler,, 1975

Scope and Content Note

Typescript photocopy of introduction by Norbert Schneider to book Arbeiter, Kunst und Künstler, S. Fischer Verlag, Frankfurt-am-Main 1975 and includes bibliography of Raphael's works; typescript in English of definitions of basic terms in the book; typescript of book with manuscript annotations; copy photos, postcards and annotations for illustrations in the book; typescript part II of book (not published in above edition), "Ist der Kapitalismus der Kunst günstig?"; two typescript pages from English translation of the book.
Box 8, Folder 1

Typescript essays, 1931, 1939

Scope and Content Note

Essays on literature, poets and writers include: "Anmerkungen über den Prosastil von Valéry," published in Deutsch-Französische Rundschau, IV, 7 July, pp. 553-563; "Ein Fragment über den lyrischen Stil Valérys;" "Flauberts künstlerische und sociologische Anschauungen in seinen Briefen, part I" in duplicate and manuscript of complete work; "Flaubert auf dem Rigi;" "Die drei Einheiten;" manuscript, "Racine. Bemärkungen zur Prosodie des Alexandriners."
Box 8, Folder 2

Geschichte des deutschen Industriekapitalismus, 1944, 1984

Scope and Content Note

Typescript of unpublished book on social history of Germany; two typescript duplicates in English with appendix, Portrait of Germany. The History of German Industrial Capitalism.
Box 8, Folder 3

Five clippings, 18/25 Sept. 1911 30 September 1932, 14/28 Okt. 1932,

Scope and Content Note

"Davoser Impressionen. I Anfänge," Davoser Blätter, 30 September 1932, "Davoser Impressionen. II Blick ins Dischmatal," Davoser Blätter, 14 Okt. 1932 and "Davoser Impressionen. III Gang durch Hochwald," Davoser Blätter, 28 Okt. 1932; two clippings by M.R. Schönlant, "Goethes Geburtstag in Weimar," Die Aktion, no. 32, 25 Sept. 1911 and "Malerei u. Persönlichkeit," Die Aktion, no. 37, 18 Sept. 1911.
Box 8, Folder 4

"Geist wider Macht" 1985

Scope and Content Note

Publisher's proof of title pages, Introduction, annotations to Introduction, letter facsimile and several pages from "Geist wider Macht" from the book, Lebens-Erinnerungen, Qumran, Frankfurt-am-Main 1985.
Box 8, Folder 5

"Geist wider Macht. Kriegstagebuch. 1915", 1985

Scope and Content Note

Typescript entries, in duplicate, from Raphael's war diary, published as "Geist wider Macht. Kriegstagebuch. 1915" in Lebens-Erinnerungen, Qumran, Frankfurt-am-Main 1985.
Box 9, Folder 1

Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein? 1947 1986

Scope and Content Note

(English title: The Demands of Art.) Typescript with annotations, including: Preface from the 1930 edition in duplicate; "Corot: Römische Landschaft" with Preface, the first chapter from the 1930 edition; "Die Arbeit der künstlerischen Phantasie (Degas: Beim Verlassen des Bades)" the original essay for the second chapter; "Kunstwerk und Naturvorlage (Cézanne: Provence Landschaft)" now titled "Kunstwerk und Naturvorlage (Cézanne: Mont Sainte-Victoire)" in triplicate (third copy has additional annotations in German and French and footnotes in French) and became the first chapter of 1986 edition; "Die Entwicklung des Künstlers (Giotto: Totenklage)" now titled "Die Entwicklung des Künstlers (Giotto: Beweinung Christi Feststellung der Wundmale)" third chapter in duplicate; "Literarische Vorlage und Kunstwerk (Rembrandt: Joseph deutet den Traum Pharaos)" fourth chapter; "Zwiespalt zwischen Inhalt and Form (Picasso: Guernica)" fifth chapter; "Der Kampf um das Kunstverständnis" sixth chapter (not included in 1986 German edition), and incomplete duplicate.
Box 9, Folder 2

Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein? 1947

Scope and Content Note

Typescript and manuscript annotations.
Box 9, Folder 3

Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein? n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript appendix, "Empirische Kunstwissenschaft" ("Towards an Empirical Theory of Art") from book, with typescript and manuscript annotations, as well as an explanation of terms for the appendix.
Box 10, Folder 1

Critical material, 1963-1989

Scope and Content Note

Critiques, book reviews, exhibition material, talks and articles about R and his wife; includes typescripts and clippings in German and English; includes clippings on topics relating to works by R.
Box 10, Folder 2

Poems, photographs, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Typescript poems by R; photos of Raphael, his study? and Hirschfeld; manuscript photocopy and annotations of Raphael's biography.
Box 10, Folder 3

Manuscript notebooks, n.d.

Scope and Content Note

Nine notebooks on various topics, including: "Zur Erkenntnistheorie des Marxismus" (4 books), "Die dialektische Methode," "Louvre Wien Chartres," two on "Heidegger," and two on classical art theory.
Box 10, Folder 4

Typescript and manuscript autobiography, 1934, 1965-1982

Scope and Content Note

Includes summary of internment in France, curriculum vitae and lists of publications; also includes correspondence and list of books Raphael wanted to have published; clipping and two photocopies by Rilke on El Greco's "Toledo;" miscellaneous manuscript annotations and notes; catalog of German books from publisher, Mary S. Rosenberg, Inc.; manuscript letter and photocopy of R and his sister; address list for Max Raphael Society and from Raphael's address book; letter in duplicate, to Maximillan Beck, dated 26 Sep 1934, in response to Beck's critique of Raphael's philosophy on Marxism.
Box 10, Folder 5

Photo album and photographs; correspondence, 1932-1951

Scope and Content Note

Ca. 50 postcards and letters from Max Raphael to Ilse Hirschfeld, formerly inserted in the album, dated 1932-1951; includes two postcards from Emma Raphael to Hirschfeld; includes six telegrams and one letter, dated 11/26/40, from Georges Blumberg regarding possibility of obtaining an entry visa to the United States for Max Raphael. Postcards depicting minnesänger (minstrels).
 

Series II. Correspondence about Raphael, ca. 1945-1990

Physical Description: ca. 2 lin. ft. 4 boxes

Scope and Content Note

Bulk of correspondence comprises letters to and from Emma Raphael, Ilse Hirschfeld, and Claude Schaefer (Raphael's literary executor) and includes correspondence with editors, publishers, students, and others interested in Max Raphael's work. Title note primary correspondents, though others may also be included. Series also includes notebooks by Ilse Hirschfeld (see Box 14 folder 5). For other correspondence by Max Raphael, see Series I.
Box 11, Folder 1

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1941-1988 bulk 1952-1954

Physical Description: ca. 45 items.

Scope and Content Note

Includes letter dated 9 Sep 1952 to Emma Raphael from Marianne? upon hearing of Max Raphael's death; includes undated and illegibly dated material; includes Emma Raphael's curriculum vitae and commemorative clipping from Frankfurter Rundschau, 14 May 1988.
Box 11, Folder 2

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1957-1984

Physical Description: ca. 130 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding publication of Max Raphael works; includes two letters between Emma Raphael and Robert Cohen, dated 1 Jun 1957 and 6 Jun 1957; includes a log of dates and types of correspondence by I. Hirschfeld, entitled, "Emmi's Briefe 1957-1984".
Box 11, Folder 3

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1964-1967

Physical Description: ca. 97 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding inventory and publication of Max Raphael works.
Box 11, Folder 4

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1962-1974

Physical Description: ca. 177 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding Max Raphael works; includes letters E. Raphael enclosed to Hirschfeld by publishers; includes correspondence regarding perpetual care of Max Raphael's grave site, dated Mar 1962-Dec 1971; includes a log of dates and types of correspondence by I. Hirschfeld,dated 1965-1974.
Box 11, Folder 5

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1973-1979

Physical Description: ca. 269 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding Max Raphael's publications; includes letters regarding Emma Raphael's break with Claude Schaefer (with enclosures of letters written by Emma Raphael to Claude Schaefer), copy of Max Raphael's death certificate with a letter dated 2 Oct 1973. Includes eight letters between Ilse Hirschfeld, Emma Raphael and Jutta Held, of the Guernica Gesellschaft, dated 1975.
Box 11, Folder 6

Emma Raphael and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1980-1984

Physical Description: ca. 100 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding Max Raphael's biography and publications.
Box 12, Folder 1

Bollingen Foundation, Princeton, 1945-1984

Physical Description: ca. 206 items.

Scope and Content Note

Between editors and representatives of the Bollingen Series, Bollingen Foundation, Princeton University (including William McGuire) and Max Raphael, Emma Raphael, Robert Cohen, Claude Schaefer and Ilse Hirschfeld, dated 1945-1984, regarding various Raphael translations, publications, and accounting of accrued royalties; includes set of letters between 12 Jun 1958 and 12 Aug 1959 from Cohen to Schaefer about specific publications; includes one letter dated, 29 Dec 1945, regarding transfer of documents held by the Old Dominion Foundation to the Bollingen Foundation; includes one letter dated 9 Jul 1988 with Social Security numbers; includes letters dated 19 Oct 1979 and 12 Nov 1979 about Max Raphael's financial resources; includes letters from Musée des Beaux-Arts (Budapest) and The Hermitage regarding requests for photo copies; includes folder of copy photographs for illustrations in The Demands of Art.
Box 12, Folder 2

Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer, 1958-1963 1973-1975,

Physical Description: ca. 103 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation and publication of Raphael's works; includes curriculum vitae of R, dated Jul 1959; includes a log of dates of correspondence dated 1973-1975.
Box 12, Folder 3

Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer, 1964-1969

Physical Description: ca. 99 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding publication of Raphael's works; includes two letters to Robert Cohen.
Box 12, Folder 4

Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer (includes Denise Schaefer), dated 1971-1977

Physical Description: ca. 141 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding publication of Raphael's works; includes letter by Hans Apel to Claude Schaefer (in triplicate), dated 15 Oct 1976, giving background material on Raphael; includes letters regarding Emma Raphael's break with Claude Schaefer and legal rights of inheritance for Max Raphael's works.
Box 12, Folder 5

Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer, 1978-1982

Physical Description: ca. 99 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation and publication of Raphael's works.
Box 13, Folder 1

Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer, 1968-1990

Physical Description: ca. 113 items.

Scope and Content Note

Also includes four letters from and to Hanna Deinhard dated 1968 and 1983, two letters between Denise Schaefer and I. Hirschfeld dated 1984, and one letter by Jutta Held of the Guernica Gesellschaft to Claude Schaefer.
Box 13, Folder 2

Emma Raphael and Claude Schaefer, 1957-1975

Physical Description: ca. 35 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation, publication and clarifications of Raphael's works; includes transcription from sections of Paul Valery's Pièces sur l'art: Degas(1938), in French. Includes letter regarding possible move of Max Raphael archive from Nuremberg to Frankfurt.
Box 13, Folder 3

Ilse Hirschfeld and Tanja Frank, 1977-1986

Physical Description: ca. 17 items.

Scope and Content Note

(Tanja Frank wrote her dissertation on Raphael.) Regarding biographical information about Max Raphael and the German publication of The Demands of Art, as well as other works; includes letter dated, 18 Mar 1986 about the Temple of Zeus and a card dated, 15 Dec 1986.
Box 13, Folder 4

Ilse Hirschfeld and Erna Siegel (her cousin?), 1958-1988

Physical Description: ca. 50 items.

Scope and Content Note

Three letters dated 1958-1960 regarding cultural position of art in East Germany (DDR) and publication of Raphael's works; correspondence dated 1975-1988, referring to Raphael's publications and Siegel's recollections of Raphael's life.
Box 13, Folder 5

lse Hirschfeld and Paul Foulkes, 1978-1980

Physical Description: ca. 56 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation of "Two grave stelae of the 6th century BC" and "Kouros" and further chapters for Classical Man in Greek Art.
Box 13, Folder 6

Ilse Hirschfeld, Claude Schaefer and Joachim Schumacher, 1959, 1968-1981

Physical Description: ca. 70 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation and publication of Raphael's works; includes one letter from Schumacher (President, International Max Raphael Society) to Emma Raphael, dated 6 Jan 1959 on same topic; includes one letter from Schaefer to Ernest Borneman, dated 6 Mar 1975 regarding access to unpublished works by Raphael.
Box 13, Folder 7

Ilse Hirschfeld and Robert S. Cohen, 1958-1973

Physical Description: ca. 155 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding translation and publication of Raphael's works, as well as the formation of International Max Raphael Society; includes one letter between Robert Cohen (editor of various R texts) and Mrs. M. Sarnoff, dated 3 Mar 1958, regarding translation of Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein?; includes letters between Claude Schaefer and Robert Cohen and one letter to Lee Baxandall (Princeton Press?), dated 11 Jul 1972; includes biographical sketch of Robert Cohen.
Box 13, Folder 8

Ilse Hirschfeld and Robert S. Cohen, 1974-1989

Physical Description: ca. 72 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding publication of Raphael's works, including Proudhon Marx Picasso and The Classical Man in Greek Art; includes letters between Claude Schaefer and Robert Cohen (or with Debra Nails, his research fellow).
Box 13, Folder 9

Ilse Hirschfeld, Shirley Chesney, and Hans Jürgen Schmitt 1973-1988

Physical Description: ca. 54 items.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence with Schmitt (publisher of Fischer Verlag)regarding publication of Raphael's works; letters between Claude Schaefer and Schmitt (or Schmitt's representative), dated 1973-1974, 1976, and 1977; ten letters between Emma Raphael and Schmitt, dated 9/73-11/73, on same topic. Schmitt informs Hirschfeld of Emma Raphael's death (8 Apr 1984). Letters concerning disposition of Raphael's financial accounts in the U.S.
Box 14, Folder 1

Between Ilse Hirschfeld, Shirley Chesney and Hans-Jürgen Heinrichs, 1985-1990

Physical Description: ca. 115 items.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence with Heinrichs (Qumran Verlag für Ethnologie und Kunst) regarding a Raphael Congress held in 1989 (including agenda dated 5 Oct 1989-23 Oct 1989), publication by Qumran of Lebens-Erinnerungen, especially the introduction by Heinrichs, correspondence between Hirschfeld and Raphael and publication of many additional R manuscripts. File includes three letters with Käthe Trettin, from Edition Qumran, letter from Robert Cohen about financial support for R publications, letter from Gerhard Bott, director of Nuremberg Germanisches Nationalmuseum, letter from Kunstfonds e.V. (a bank) and letter from Alan Kligerman all denying funds for publications, letter to Gerd Bucerius at Die Zeit for financial support.
Box 14, Folder 2

Ilse Hirschfeld and Klaus Binder, 1984

Physical Description: ca. 6 items.

Scope and Content Note

(Binder publisher of Qumrun.) Correspondence primarily regarding the publication of Wie will ein Kunstwerk gesehen sein?.
Box 14, Folder 3

Gert Schiff, Claude Schaefer and Ilse Hirschfeld, 1973-1975

Physical Description: ca. 6 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding Schiff's book, Picasso in Perspective.
Box 14, Folder 4

Between Arno Schönberger, Claude Schaefer, and Emma Raphael, 1970-1972, 1976, 1978-1989

Physical Description: ca. 21 items.

Scope and Content Note

(Arno Schönberger, Genral Director, Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremburg.) Correspondence regarding the depository of the Max Raphael archive; includes letter dated 16 Nov 1970 from the Director of the Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz recommending the Germanischen Nationalmuseums in Nuremberg as depository for the Raphael archive. Letters regarding reproduction of works from other members of the Nationalmuseum, such as Ludwig Veit, Archive Director, dated 1978 to 1989. Letters regarding request by Emma Raphael for transfer of archive from Nuremberg to Frankfurt, Stadt und Universitäts-bibliothek, dated 1976.
Box 14, Folder 5

Ilse Hirschfeld notebooks, n.d.

Physical Description: ca. 17 items.

Scope and Content Note

Manuscript entries by Ilse Hirschfeld of daily logs primarily dealing with correspondence; includes manuscript notes comparing Raphael's Guernica and Rudolf Arnheim's Picasso's Guernica. Four notebooks written by Ilse Hirschfeld, contents includes: daily logs, personal inventories, annotations for Max Raphael manuscripts, bibliographies and lecture notes.
Box 14, Folder 6

Various publishers, 1967-1990

Physical Description: ca. 18 items.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence is primarily from Raphael disciples attempting to deposit and publish Raphel works with publishers, including Deutsche Bibliothek Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts (Frankfurt am Main), Boekmanstichting Kunstsociologisch Studiecentrum (Amsterdam), Suhrkamp Verlag, Neue Kritik Verlag, Universität Marburg, Institut für Kunstgeschichte (Aachen), Verlag Ernst Wasmuth (Tübingen), Rowohlt (Bremen), Analeph (editor, Brault) Publishers (Paris), MIT Press, Urizen Books (New York) and Literatur Haus Hamburg.
Box 14, Folder 7

Miscellaneous correspondence, 1965-1987

Physical Description: ca. 22 items.

Scope and Content Note

Includes: a. letter dated 25 Jan 1965 from Ilse Hirschfeld to Meyer Shapiro regarding items sent to him from the effects of Max Raphael; b. letter dated 1972 from Frederic Samson to Emma Raphael asking questions about Raphael's life, for a British art student, John Tagg (and three additional letters between John Tagg and Ilse Hirschfeld and Claude Schaefer with manuscript notes by Ilse Hirschfeld); c. three letters regarding inquiries about the Max Raphael archive from a Swedish journalist, Hilde Rubenstein; d. letter from Shirley Chesney to Ilse Hirschfeld regarding her trip to Europe and visit with Emma Raphael; e. two letters between Ilse Hirschfeld and Harmer Johnson regarding search for out-of-print books by Max Raphael; f. two letters between Ilse Hirschfeld and Ludger Hermanns dated 1981 regarding John Rittmeister; g. two letters between Dietrich von Bothmer (Metropolitan Museum) and Ilse Hirschfeld dated 1987, regarding Cycladic figures; h. letters from and to John Hellebrand inquiring about access to Max Raphael's works and microfilms; i. letter from S. Attanasco (?) turning down request by Ilse Hirschfeld to translate Max Raphael manuscript.
Box 14, Folder 8

Alice Bernthal to Ilse Hirschfeld, Claude Schaefer and Hans-Jürgen Heinrichs, 1983-1989

Physical Description: ca. 20 items.

Scope and Content Note

Regarding publication of Raphael's works.
Box 14, Folder 9

International Max Raphael Society 1969

Physical Description: ca. 4 items.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence on the establishment and development of Society.
Box 14, Folder 10

Correspondence, corrections, addenda, 1959

Physical Description: ca. 6 items.

Scope and Content Note

Miscellaneous correspondence and corrections and addenda to Raphael's writings; includes clipping dated (18 Dec 1959) of a book review on Ernst Bloch's, Das Prinzip Hoffnung.
 

Series III. Other Raphael papers, ca. 1931-1952

Physical Description: ca. 2 lin. ft. 4 boxes

Scope and Content Note

Copies of Max Raphael papers made on microfilm, probably by the owners of his papers after his death. Original papers subsequently placed in the Germanishes Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg, ca. 1970.
Box 15-18

Manuscripts and other papers

Scope and Content Note

44 microfilm reels with inventory, incomplete set of photocopies from reels, and assorted photographic film. Microfilm reels in boxes 17 and 18 are currently restricted due to deterioration.