Register of the Ethan Theodore Colton papers
Finding aid prepared by Anna Naruta
Hoover Institution Library and Archives
© 2010
434 Galvez Mall
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-6003
hoover-library-archives@stanford.edu
Title: Ethan Theodore Colton papers
Date (bulk): 1918-1935
Collection Number: XX380
Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Language of Material:
French
Physical Description:
9 manuscript boxes, 1 oversize box, 1 oversize folder
(3.6 Linear Feet)
Abstract: The papers consist of correspondence, reports, writings, translations, and clippings, relating to European Student Relief
activities in Russia and other European countries, 1920-1925; and to social conditions, the educational system, and the status
of religion in Russia in the 1920s and 1930s. Includes the memoirs of E. T. Colton and 13 anti-religious Soviet posters. All
material is from 1917-1935, except for Colton's 1952 memoirs.
Creator:
Colton, Ethan T. (Ethan Theodore), 1872-
Physical Location: Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Access
The collection is open for research; materials must be requested in advance via our reservation system. If there are audiovisual
or digital media material in the collection, they must be reformatted before providing access.
Use
For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Acquisition Information
Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], Ethan Theodore Colton papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives.
Biographical Note
| 1872 |
Born, Palmyra, Jefferson County, Wisconsin |
| 1892 |
Enters Dakota Wesleyan University, Mitchell, South Dakota; becomes active in campus YMCA and Mitchell Epworth League |
| 1898 |
Graduates from Dakota Wesleyan University, Mitchell, South Dakota |
| 1899-1904 |
Staff member with Student Young Men's Christian Associations (YMCA) |
| 1904-1917 |
Works for YMCA to build local Associations' support for YMCA World Service |
| 1918-1924 |
Administers European Student Relief (ESR) aid services in Russia and Siberia and to Russian émigrés in Europe; serves as YMCA
liaison to American Relief Administration (ARA)
|
| 1921 April |
ESR conference at Turnov, Czechoslovakia |
| 1922 |
Arrives back in New York from field work in Europe |
| by 1923 to at least 1924 |
Works from Student Friendship office, 341 Madison Avenue, New York, NY |
| 1923 |
ARA programs conclude |
| 1925 |
ESR programs conclude (See Box 6) |
| 1925-1932 |
Executive secretary, YMCA World Services |
| by 1925 to at least 1932 |
YMCA Press correspondence is directed to Colton at 341 Madison Avenue, New York, NY |
| 1929 |
LL.D. degree |
| by 1931 |
Resident of Upper Montclair, New Jersey |
| 1931 |
Author of
The X Y Z of Communism (New York, Macmillan Company), a response to Bukarin and Preobrazhensky's
The A B C of Communism (1921)
|
| 1932 |
Retires from YMCA World Services executive secretary position at age 60, per YMCA requirement; continues YMCA committee work |
| 1932-1942 |
Annual lecture tours, writes books |
| 1935 |
Author of
Four Patterns of Revolution; Communist U.S.S.R., Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, New Deal America (New York, [YMCA] Association Press)
|
| 1940 |
Author of
Forty Years with Russians (New York, Association Press), forward by John R. Mott
|
| 1943-1946 |
Executive director, YMCA War Prisoners? Aid Services in United States |
| 1944 |
Author of
Toward the Understanding of Europe (New York, Association Press)
|
| 1952 |
Author of
Memoirs of Ethan T. Colton, Sr., 1872-1952, self-published
|
| 1953 |
Author of
The Russia We Face Now (Washington, D.C.: The Public Affairs Institute)
|
Historical Note
The
European Student Relief program (ESR) was instituted in 1918 as a complement to the US-government-funded
American Relief Administration (ARA) program, to provide European students, and later professors and technical workers, with food, clothing, and shoes,
and sometimes medical services, tuition aid, and textbooks, and other support for intellectual work. ESR relief work pursued
a limited scope, focusing on university-affiliated populations to support the reconstruction of war-torn Europe, and to build
goodwill between students in Europe and the U.S.
Colton's papers reflect the complicated organizational relationships in the administration of the American Section of ESR
(also known as ASESR). According to histories of the YMCA, the European Student Relief program was inaugurated by the
World's Student Christian Federation (WSCF), a Geneva-based organization founded in 1895 as a trans-national complement to the YMCA. WSCF founding general secretary
John R. Mott served as general secretary throughout the ESR period, while simultaneously serving as the general secretary
of the YMCA from 1915-1928, and from 1926-1937 as president of the YMCA's World Committee and the general secretary of President
Wilson's National War Work Council. While ESR was a program of the WSCF, in the public ESR was frequently conflated with the
ARA, and in ESR reports Colton is sometimes identified as a member of the staff of ARA Director General Colonel Haskell.
Documents in Colton's papers describe ESR's mission, organizational structure, personnel, and mode of operation (Box 2), and
note a Russian expulsion of the YMCA in 1918 (Box 1).
In supporting ESR work to build goodwill between students in the United States and war-torn Europe, the WSCF created a
Student Friendship Fund (SFF), which conducted publicity and fundraising work in the US, provided grassroots fundraising strategies and materials
to college students and Christian youth organizations, and collected donations of cash as well as second-hand clothing and
shoes for ESR to distribute in Europe.
References:
Colton, Ethan Theodore,
Forty Years with Russians, New York, Association Press, 1940; especially pages 128, 132, and 161 on YMCA Press
Hopkins, C. Howard,
History of the Y. M. C. A. in North America, New York: Association Press, 1951; especially page 687
Nobel Foundation, "John R. Mott: The Nobel Peace Prize 1946," "Biography" and "Presentation Speech," 1946, [viewed 2010 January
26] http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/mott-bio.html ; http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1946/press.html
Rouse, Ruth,
The World's Student Christian Federation: A History of the First Thirty Years, London: S. C. M. Press Ltd., 1948, especially pages 55, 79
Shedd, Clarence P.,
Two Centuries of Student Christian Movements: Their Origin and Intercollegiate Life, New York: Association Press, 1934
Shedd, Clarence Prouty, "and other contributors,"
History of the World's Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations, London: S.P.C.K., for the World's Committee of Young Men's Christian Associations, 1955; especially pages 355-6, 353, 472,
565, 674, 701
Stuer, Kenneth, "'For the Millions of Men Now Under Arms': American YMCA Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy in Western Europe," chapter
4 of
Pursuit of an 'Unparalleled Opportunity,' New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, [viewed 2010 January 12] http://www.gutenberg-e.org/steuer/
Scope and Content of Collection
The Ethan T. Colton papers in the Hoover Institution Library & Archives consist of correspondence, reports, writings, translations,
and clippings, relating to European Student Relief activities in Russia and other European countries, 1920-1925; and to social
conditions, the educational system, and the status of religion in Russia in the 1920s and 1930s. Includes the memoirs of E.
T. Colton and 13 anti-religious Soviet posters. Except for Colton's 1952 memoirs, all material is from 1917 to 1935.
Colton spent his whole career with the Young Men's Christian Association. His early work to build local Associations' support
for the YMCA's World Service, or Overseas Division, was followed by his assignment to executive administration of the European
Student Relief program.
Colton's papers offer particularly vivid qualitative and quantitative data on conditions for civilians in university areas
throughout Europe following World War I, and U.S. and international food and clothing aid. The ESR reports were often in the
form of letters from ESR staff, and are rich with first-person accounts of conditions aid workers found in recipient countries
throughout Europe after World War I, and particularly Russia and Siberia in the wake of the Russian Civil War and subsequent
famine in Russia.
The documents exhibit the range of data and synthesis required for administering a large aid operation, assessing needs and
program effectiveness, and conducting publicity and securing donations to sustain or expand and improve the relief efforts.
The material also provides perspective on transition of government-administered operations to private non-governmental organizations.
After the ESR program concluded in 1925, Colton continued with YMCA Overseas work on behalf of Russian émigrés, and maintained
a focus on Russia and communism. Colton's papers reflect his collecting data, writing, and speaking about the practical impacts
of Soviet government policies; communist outreach to youth; the relation of communism to religion; the Russian Orthodox Church,
and Russian Orthodox religious figures under Soviet rule and official atheism. Some ESR reports and correspondence bear annotations
related to this later work.
Except for Colton's memoirs, his papers at the Hoover Institution Library & Archives contain no material related to his post-retirement
reactivation as executive director of the YMCA War Prisoners' Aid Services in the United States during World War II.
Related Materials
Darius Alton Davis papers, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Russell McCulloch Story Papers, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
American Relief Administration. European Operations Records, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
American Relief Administration. Russian Operations Records, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Young Men's Christian Associations Collection, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
American National Red Cross records, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Roy Ross Clark papers, Hoover Institution Library & Archives
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Soviet Union -- Religion
Soviet Union -- History -- Revolution, 1917-1921 -- Civilian relief
International relief
Soviet Union -- Social conditions
Young Men's Christian associations
Education -- Soviet Union
European Student Relief
Student Friendship Fund
Memoir
circa 1952
Scope and Contents note
Covers his origins to his professional life through 1952, with some information about his wife and children
box 1, folder 1
Memoirs of Ethan T. Colton, Sr., 1872-1952, self-published
circa 1952
Working Documents
1918-1932, undated
Scope and Contents note
Consists of writings, notes for speeches, and selected documents from ESR work and the YMCA Press Russian news translations,
relating to themes Colton would draw on throughout his career: analysis of the Soviet government's policies and effects related
to daily life and religion, and the potential transformative effects of Christian Internationalism, especially as a potential
counterpoint to Communist Internationalism. Materials for an exhibit on the Soviet Union include photos and Soviet propaganda
posters, 1919-1931, reprinted with English translations and annotations. Related: Subject Files, 1918-1934 and undated, and
European Student Relief reports, 1920-1925
box 1, folder 2
Drafts for
The X Y Z of Communism (1931)
Exhibit on Soviet Union
1921 - early 1930s
box 10, folder 2
Soviet propaganda poster reprints with English translations and annotations
early 1930s
Scope and Contents note
Dates of original posters range from 1929-1931
drawer K09
Russian poster
1921
Scope and Contents note
Mining industry
box 1, folder 3
Printed materials
1932, undated
box 1, folder 4
ESR aid work photos, Kiev and Ekaterinoslav
1924, undated
Working documents
1918-1932, undated
box 1, folder 5
1920-1932, undated, (bulk 1925-1932)
Scope and Contents note
Includes writings by Colton and typescript notes, including for speeches, mainly relating to the Soviet Union and Christianity
throughout the world
box 1, folder 6-7
USSR and religion
1923-1932, undated
Scope and Contents note
Includes writings, ESR correspondence, reports, translations of Russian newspaper articles, and clippings, related to the
Russian Orthodox Church, Christian student and evangelical movements in the USSR, the YMCA, and Soviet and Communist positions
on these groups
box 1, folder 8
Russia and religion
1918-1922, undated
Scope and Contents note
Includes memoranda, writings, and clippings related to the Patriarch Tikhon and the Russian Orthodox church, and the withdrawal
of the YMCA from Russia. Also includes typescript translations of Russian news articles, and speech by Trotsky concerning
the ARA
box 1, folder 9-11
Russia and Soviet Union
1922-1932
Scope and Contents note
Includes ESR reports and correspondence, including holographic reports and testimonials from relief recipients at a Moscow
university scientific organization. Clippings and printed material include map of YMCA centers in Europe and Siberia, 1920
European Student Relief Reports
1920-1925
Scope and Contents note
Contains reports and correspondence related to the deployment of aid, assessing program success, and gathering testimonials
and other evidence in support of continuing aid. Includes many file copies of third-party correspondence with Edgar MacNaughton,
the ASESR Director for Kiev. Also includes reports of manifestations of anti-Semitic sentiments in Europe, and other trends
in ethnic relations that might impact ESR work, such as relating to Armenian refugees in Poland. Includes thank-you letters
from individual and organizational recipients of ESR aid in Russia and Germany. Related: Student Friendship files, 1921-1922;
Subject Files, 1917-1934, undated; Incremental materials, October 1987
box 2, folder 1-8
Europe, general
1921-1925
Scope and Contents note
Includes administrative memoranda regarding operations and relations of ESR to WSCF and the YMCA, and reports of conditions
and ESR work across Europe, including from SFF conference
Includes reports related to conditions at European universities and hospitals, and fundraising strategies for YMCAs. Also
includes letter from the first Indian YMCA Secretary in India regarding aid to Viennese students
Annual report
Includes report from a Federation Conference, possibly of the YMCA, held at Tsing Hua College, Peking (Beijing); and chart
of contributions and distributions of the ESR and ARA, 1920-1921
Includes reports, translations of newspaper articles, and copies of correspondence, including from university organizations,
largely related to aid to professors and scientific workers, and to fundraising. Also includes reports related to the Leningrad
flood of 1924
Includes letters from MacNaughton to Colton, and typescript copies of MacNaughton's numbered dispatches
box 2, folder 12
Austria, Vienna
1920-1922
box 3, folder 2
Czechoslovakia
1920-1922
Scope and Contents note
Exhibit A - Exhibit L. Includes reports on relief work for refugee students, case study of a Russian student, and samples
of application documents required for relief and for free tuition
box 3, folder 3
Czechoslovakia
1920-1922
Scope and Contents note
Exhibit G photographs. Six composed photographs depicting ESR self-help workshops in Prague. Scene include students washing
and mending donated second-hand clothes, and shoemakers making repairs.
box 3, folder 4-5
Czechoslovakia
1920-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes list of ESR delegates, by country, to ESR conference in Turnov, Czechoslovakia, 1922 April 8-15
box 3, folder 8
France
1922-1923
Scope and Contents note
In English, French, and German
box 3, folder 16-17
Hungary
1920-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes correspondence reporting Christian persecution of Jews in Hungary, and discussing consequences for conducting European
Student Relief
box 3, folder 18
Yugoslavia
1922-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on Belgrade and Zagreb, Yugoslavia
box 3, folder 19
Latvia
1921-1922
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on Riga as well as on Lithuania and Estonia
box 4, folder 1
Near East
1921-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on work in Greece, mainly Athens, Constantinople, and Smyrna; and Turkey, with one report on Turnov, Czechoslovakia
box 4, folder 3-4
Poland
1921-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on relief work, sample registration documents for applicants, and samples of a special fundraising certificate
and stamps. Some items hand-annotated Exhibit I through Exhibit VII
box 4, folder 6
Russia
1921-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on conditions and work in Bratislava, Kazan, Moscow, Odessa, and Petrograd, as well as Krakow, Poland, and
the Ukraine; transcriptions of appeals for support by prominent figures including Samuel Gompers, Maksim Gorky; and annual
report of the Kiev Students' Christian Association
box 4, folder 7-9
Russia
1922-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on conditions and work in Ekaterinoslav, Kazan, Kiev, Moscow, Riga, Samara, and Saratov; to Russian refugee
students in Belgrade; and Czechoslovakian aid to Ukrainians and Russians. Also includes reports and memoranda regarding Communist
policies on religion, and development of ESR policy regarding students posting notices in ESR dining halls
box 4, folder 10
Russia
1921-1923 (bulk 1922-1923)
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on conditions and work in Ekaterinoslav, Moscow, Odessa, Penza, Petrograd, Rostov, Saratov, Simbirsk, Tomsk;
and Kharkov and Simferopol, Ukraine. Also includes Ukrainian student association statement
box 5, folder 1
Russia
1922-1923
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports on conditions and ARA and ESR work; including regarding administration and prospects for continuance
box 5, folder 3-7
Russia
1921-1925 (bulk 1923-1925)
Scope and Contents note
Includes letters from MacNaughton
box 5, folder 11
Ukraine, Kiev
1924
Scope and Contents note
Includes report from MacNaughton, and reports of Dr. S. L. Malinovskii, Chief of Medical Staff, Kiev
box 5, folder 12
ESR recipient thank-you letters, Russia and Germany
1924
Scope and Contents note
Related: Russia, 1921-1923
Student Friendship Fund Files
1921-1922
Scope and Contents note
Consists of solicitation strategies, fundraising materials distributed, and sample press releases with tracking of distribution
and stories placed. Related: European Student Relief reports, 1920-1925; Subject files, Relief, Russia, 1923-1924, and Relief,
1922-1926 (bulk 1924-1925)
box 5, folder 13-14
Student Friendship Fund fundraising materials distributed
1921-1922
box 6, folder 1-2
Student Friendship Fund fundraising materials distributed
1921-1922
box 6, folder 3
Student Friendship Fund press releases
1921-1922
Scope and Contents note
Consists of samples of stories sent to newspapers, college papers, and religious papers, with recording of distribution and
results
Subject Files
1917-1934, undated
Scope and Contents note
Includes many ESR reports, typescript translations of Russian news articles, newspaper clippings, and other printed materials,
largely related to Russia; the Soviet government; data about the need for aid such as ESR relief; the impacts of communism
and goals for communist expansion, particularly among the youth; and the current state of and prospects for religion in the
Soviet Union. Includes assessments of the late phase of ESR aid, and suggestions for continuance, perhaps by successor organizations.
Also includes documents relating to the YMCA's mission for and accomplishments of work in Russia and the Soviet Union
box 6, folder 4
Unidentified, "Memorandum Concerning Russia,"
after 1927
Scope and Contents note
Margin notes by Colton
box 6, folder 5
Chamberlin, W.H.
1925-1931, undated
Scope and Contents note
Clippings of the Moscow correspondent's reporting for the
Christian Science Monitor
box 6, folder 6
Duranty, Walter
1925-1932 (bulk 1931-1932)
Scope and Contents note
Clippings of Duranty's reporting on the Soviet Union for the
New York Times
box 6, folder 7
Europe
1931, undated
Scope and Contents note
Consists of
ARA Association Review clippings and a 1931 League of Nations publication on armaments and the USSR
box 6, folder 8
Relief, Russia
1923-1924
Scope and Contents note
Consists mainly of ESR reports on food and clothing aid, aid to professors and scientific workers, and subsidies to create
two medical journals in Ekaterinoslav. Includes program evaluation reports, and photos
box 6, folder 9-14
Relief
1922-1926 (bulk 1924-1925)
Scope and Contents note
Includes ESR reports related to libraries, textbooks, and dispensaries, and proposals for continuance of ESR aid, or aid by
successor organization. Also includes SFF fundraising materials
box 6, folder 15-16
Russia
1924-1926
Scope and Contents note
Includes reports related to physical education and to Christianity. Also includes typescript translations from
Izvestia, and periodical articles on Communism in English and German with English translation
box 6, folder 17
Russia - class war
1919-1931, undated (bulk 1930-1931)
box 6, folder 18
Russia - economics
1924-1932, undated (bulk 1931-1932)
Scope and Contents note
Includes holographic notes, possibly for a speech by Colton
box 7, folder 1
Russia - education
1924-1932, undated
box 7, folder 2
Russia - foreign affairs
1918-1932 (bulk 1930-1932)
Scope and Contents note
Includes typescript translations of Russian and French newspaper articles and letters
box 7, folder 3
Russia - labor
1925-1932, undated
box 7, folder 4
Russia - militarism
1923 and probably 1932
box 7, folder 5
Russia - party affairs
1925-1932
Scope and Contents note
Lenin-Stalin government
box 7, folder 6
Russia - recognition
1924-1926, undated
box 7, folder 7-10
Russia - religion
1917-1931, undated (bulk 1924-1930)
Scope and Contents note
Includes writings by Colton, and documents related to the mission and governance of the YMCA's religious services for Russians.
Also includes reports and correspondence related to the status of churches, chapels, synagogues, religious practitioners,
Russian religious figures, the Bibles for Russia program and the All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union
box 7, folder 11
Russia - rural
1924-1932, undated.
Scope and Contents note
Includes copy of letter from Sherwood Eddy, 1929
box 7, folder 12
Russia - social welfare
1931-1932
box 7, folder 14
Soviet Russia - nature and theory
1932, undated
Scope and Contents note
Consists of periodical clippings and a typescript translation of Russian newspaper item, 1932
Third International
1928-1932, undated
Scope and Contents note
Includes typescript reports assessing number of communist organizations for children internationally, and communist press
for children throughout Europe. Also includes typescript translations related to the YMCA and Communism in China, 1927; and
American Vigilant Intelligence Federation, "The Economic Situation of the Soviet Union," 1932, typescript report
box 7, folder 15-16
Third International
1928-1932, undated
box 10, folder 1
American Vigilant Intelligence Federation, Bolshevist Organizations in the United States of America at Present Time
1931
Scope and Contents note
Poster
box 7, folder 17-18
USSR
1928-1934, undated (bulk 1932-1934).
Scope and Contents note
Includes printed brochure on the YMCA's work to support Christian faith among Russians and provide relief aid. Related: YMCA
Press translation correspondence, 1925-1932
box 8, folder 1-3
World revolution
1922-1932, undated, bulk 1925-1932
Scope and Contents note
Includes documents holographically labeled with a roman numeral, for example "Document IV." Also includes series of newspaper
articles on Russia by E. Ashmead-Bartlett
box 8, folder 4
World revolution, Soviet Russia, and religion
1924-1929 (bulk 1928-1929)
Scope and Contents note
Includes translations holographically marked with edits and date circulated.
YMCA Press Russian News Files
1924-1935, undated
Scope and Contents note
Consists mainly of numbered typescript translations into English of Russian-language newspaper articles, with some translations
of other periodical articles, speeches, and orders of the Soviet government. Includes correspondence, 1924-1932, related to
the origin, scope, and operation of the program, and to administration of the translation work. The translations are arranged
in their original order, in numerical sequence. Original batches of translations as received from translators are identified
as such; otherwise, the translation number range merely represents the range as found in the files. Not all numbered translations
in a sequence are present. Some additional numbered translations are found in Colton's Working documents or Subject files.
Related: Incremental Materials, October 1987
YMCA Press Russian news translations typescript drafts
1933-1935, undated
box 8, folder 5
Translations numbers 2079-2121
1933
box 8, folder 6
Translations numbers 2170-2299
1933-1934
box 8, folder 7
Translations numbers 2301-2312
1934
box 8, folder 8
Translations numbers 2313-2317
1933, undated
box 8, folder 9
Translations numbers 2318-2328
1934
box 8, folder 10
Translations numbers 2329-2375
1934
Scope and Contents note
Comprises original entire batch of translations with typescript cover note
box 8, folder 11
Translations numbers 2398-2470
1934
box 8, folder 12
Translations numbers 2762-2831
1934-1935
Scope and Contents note
Comprises original entire batch of translations with typescript cover note. Includes translations of articles published 1934
October through 1935 April 29
box 8, folder 13-14
Translations numbers 2832-2937
1934-1935, undated
Scope and Contents note
Comprises original entire batch of translations with typescript cover note. Includes translations of articles published through
1935 July
YMCA Press Russian news translations typescript drafts incremental materials
1924-1935
Scope and Contents note
Includes some unnumbered translations
1924-1935 (bulk 1934-1935)
box 9, folder 1
Translations numbers 1750, 1836, 1842, 1877, and 2651-2704; unnumbered translations of news articles dated 1932; and typescript
summary of results of medical examination of students
1924, 1932
box 9, folder 2
Translations numbers 2938-3000
1935
box 9, folder 3
Holographic notes on the inside front of the original folder
undated
box 9, folder 4
Unnumbered translations of news articles dated 1930, and Translations numbers 1053-1284, 1313, 1321, 1368, 1388, and 1394
1930-1931
box 9, folder 5
Translations numbers 1406-1748
1931-1932
box 9, folder 6
Translations numbers 2376-2396
1934
box 9, folder 7
Translations numbers 2473-2521
1934
box 9, folder 8
Translations numbers 2523-2716
1934-1935
YMCA Press Russian news translation correspondence
1925-1932
box 9, folder 9
1925-1930 (bulk 1925-1929)
box 9, folder 12
Incremental Materials
1987 October
Scope and Contents note
Consists of ESR reports; YMCA Press Russian News typescript translations; ESR documents Colton labeled Exhibit A, F, and G,
relating to proposed continuation of ESR aid; typescript translations and printed material, 1923-1924 and undated
