Guide to the N.A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters
Processed by Jacob High
Ella Strong Denison Library
Libraries of The Claremont Colleges
Scripps College
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Claremont, CA 91711
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Claremont University Consortium. All rights reserved.
Guide to the N.A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters
Collection number: D1942.1
Ella Strong Denison Library
Libraries of The Claremont Colleges
Claremont, California
- Processed by:
- Jacob High
- Date Completed:
- 2007/05/01
- Encoded by:
- Jacob High
© 2007 Claremont University Consortium. All rights reserved.
Descriptive Summary
Title: N.A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters
Repository:
Claremont Colleges. Library. Ella Strong Denison Library.
Claremont, California 91711
Physical location: Please consult repository.
Languages: Languages represented in the collection: English and
Classical Chinese
Administrative Information
Access
Collection open for research.
Publication Rights
All requests for permission to reproduce or to publish must be submitted in writing to Ella Strong Denison Library.
Preferred Citation
[Identification of item], N.A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters. Ella Strong Denison Library,
Libraries of The Claremont Colleges.
Acquisition Information
Gift of John I. Perkins, 1942.
Alternative Forms of Material Available
Digital collection available via The Claremont Colleges Digital Library: N. A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters - http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/col/cng/.
Biography/Organization History
Newton Amos Chandler (1818?-1880) was a late-arrival to the California Gold Rush scene in
1855. He was from the 4 Corners area of Hartland Vermont, and came alone to California. He
left behind his wife Jane and two children named Liss (sometimes named May) and Willie.
Within a short time he found several acquaintances from the Hartland area and worked with
them in organized companies. He worked in the Northern mines, spending much of his time
while in California at the Alpha and Omega diggings, where he owned several mining claims,
participated as a partner in several quartz mills, and helped dig water distribution ditches
that would directly influence the feasibility of hydraulic mining operations.
Chandler, with a company of miners, became one of the first prospectors to claim mining
areas near Virginia City. In May of 1860, the Pyramid Lake War broke out between the Paiute
Indians and newly arrived Anglo-settlers, including Chandler. By many accounts, he barely
survived the encounter.
While in Virginia City he invested in mining stock, including the Lady Bryan Mine. He
traveled back to Hartland Vermont once in the latter part of 1860, and returned by April
1861. As a result of investment earnings, Chandler became quite wealthy and was able to
purchase properties in San Francisco and a ranch near Sonoma. However, due to poor
investment decisions and external economic influences including the Civil War, his mining
investments came to an end around 1865, leaving Chandler a pauper. Chandler considered
himself a Copperhead and held anti-abolitionist views.
In the final years of his life, Chandler joined with other miners in the White Pines Rush.
He wrote from Hamilton and, later, Eureka Nevada. His arrival to Eureka was in the early
years of Eureka history, and he had an opportunity to make friends with important people
including Reinhold Sadler, the future Governor of Nevada. Jane died in 1873, during his
Eureka years, and his son Willie died in 1876. Chandler supported himself as a stonecutter,
and lived in Eureka until he died on July 30th 1880 by suicide. His obituary and a related
story in the Eureka Sentinel newspaper from Eureka, Nevada cited his excessive debt of no
more than 2500 dollars and mounting personal sadness that befell him.
N.A. Chandler's family members include N.A. Chandler's spouse, Jane M. Chandler
(1826-1873), and children - Willie Chandler (1847-1876), Mary Elizabeth Chandler (1852-1860)
(in the letters as Liss or May), and Myra Jennie Chandler (1861-1948).
Scope and Content of Collection
The N. A. Chandler Gold Rush Era Letters Collection consists of fifty-four handwritten
letters from 1855 to 1872. Fifty-three of these letters are from N. A. Chandler to Jane M.
Chandler and one letter is from Jane M. Chandler to N. A. Chandler. Three letters were
written on picture sheets, two from California displaying Gold Rush motifs and one from
Lowell Massachusetts displaying statistics of Lowell Manufactures for 1859. The arrangement
of these letters is chronological from earliest to most recent, and the bulk of these
letters are from 1855 to 1865. Almost all of these letters have notations by John I. Perkins
in pencil on the first page at the top. Pencil marks also exist to highlight certain parts
of the text pertaining to the titles.
Chandler wrote these letters from San Francisco and the California mining camps of Long
Bar, Alpha, Omega, and Gaston Ridge. Chandler's later letters are from Virginia City in
Nevada and the Nevada silver and gold rush locations of Hamilton and Eureka.
These letters are a unique source of California and Nevada history. Chandler's
participation in early Nevada history as outlined in these letters is especially
interesting. Hubert Howe Bancroft's History of Nevada, Colorado, and Wyoming 1540-1888
mentioned Chandler briefly by name as a participant in the Pyramid Lake War of 1860. These
letters mention some events surrounding this conflict and add to this important chapter of
Nevada history. These letters also offer insights on life in San Francisco, Virginia City,
Civil War opinions in California and Nevada, and the opportunities and discouragements of a
prospector. In addition, Chandler's letters provide some information on the settling of
Nevada, Native American interactions, and the mining history of Northern California and
Nevada. One letter features the writing of a "Chinaman" named Ah Pay who associated with
Chandler's party at Gaston Ridge.
Of the fifty-four letters, only one is from Chandler's wife, Jane M. Chandler. This letter
offers an additional voice in the life of N. A. Chandler, and an insight into the economic
struggles that Jane faced as a "California widow." Her voice is also evident from the other
letters, especially as it pertains to finances and family.
Arrangement
Arranged chronologically from oldest to newest.
Index Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the
library's online public access catalog.
Subjects
Chandler, N. A.
California--Social life and customs--19th century
Frontier and pioneer life
Gold miners
Gold mines and mining
West (U.S.)--History--1848-1860
West (U.S.)--History--1860-1890
Genres and Forms of Materials
Correspondence
Related Material
The University of Nevada, Reno Special Collections has one letter from N.A. Chandler to
Jane. M. Chandler, written correspondence, 1860 July 10. The Bancroft Library Robert B.
Honeyman Jr. Collection of Early Californian and Western American Pictorial Material
includes one letter from N.A. Chandler under the title, "Miner's Life: Illustrated." The
Nevada Historical Society also has a folder listing N.A. Chandler.
Box 1, Folder 1
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1855 January 15
Abstract: This letter was written on Chandler's arrival in San Francisco by boat. Chandler
recounted the circumstances of his journey, the food, and the differences between cabin
fare and steerage fare, and the "very bad" circumstances of deck passengers. "They won't
give the deck people even a crust that is left." "I think I shall like the country
well." Chandler mentioned that "stonecutters get seven dollars pr day on the custom
house building must try the mines first." Chandler writes that he doesn't know where he
will stop, but is going north first, near the Yuba, by steamboat. This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Arrival in California."
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 2 pages long"
Box 1, Folder 2
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar on a
pictorial letter sheet titled "The Miners' Lamentations."
1855 September 3
Abstract: Chandler writes that the rivers are very dry and the work pays about 4 dollars
pr day. The claims are considered very good and when the rains come they "shall be
prepared to work to good advantage." "I mean to take things cool at present if I don't
get rich the first year." "We have lots of good living in the way of Mellons, Tomatoes
the mellons are far superior to any I ever saw in our Atlantic Home, in size and flavor.
I wish I could send you one mellon as large as we have here you would have to ask all
the neighbors in to eat it." Chandler writes that he thinks he has made several hundred
dollars, but it is in the claim and will be due on what he has sold. On the opposite
side of the picture, Chandler writes "you need not think me a Bachelor nor that this
case is mine in particular." [referring to the Miners' Lamentations] This letter
contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "1855."
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 3
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar on a
pictorial letter sheet titled "How the California Mines are Worked."
1855 September 30
Abstract: Chandler writes that "water has failed at our claims so we cannot work to
advantage." "Wages are lower now on act of so many being idle in the Dry diggins $3.50
is the common price on the river for 10 hours work." "I have considerable money due me
from some of the partners as soon as we can take it out." Chandler also writes that his
neighbors, the Burnetts, have a son who was in the battle of Mexico and is a lawyer who
was recently elected as Senator from Yuba County. "Young Burnett is a very sociable
fellow none of those starched up puppies that we see at Home he is only 25 yrs old he
has gone to the Atlantic states to get him a wife so his mother says." Chandler also
mentions that he is frequently invited to tea with Mrs. Burnett, but pleads for Jane to
not be jealous, "for the Old gent is generally about." This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "1855" and this letter also contains
pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 4
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1855 November 11
Abstract: Chandler writes that "it takes a person who is a stranger in Cala some
considerable time to get the right hang of mining profitably it is much better to have
experienced friends here." He also mentions that there are "plenty of Mahalas about our
digins (Squaw), they have got near done gathering acorns and grasshoppers for this
season. The live high and sleep under the trees." Chandler also warns all who are coming
to come by way of the Panama Route, because "there has been a great complaint against
the other route, and much sickness." This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "Prospector operations and general outlook. Squaws
and their avocations." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts
of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 5
Letter from N.A. Chandler to J. M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1856 April 16
Abstract: Chandler writes that he likes "the mining business first rate although it is
very hard generally." Chandler also writes to his wife that he feels bad because he
hasn't been able to send Jane and others money, but "we can't pick up the gold now as
easily as they once could." Chandler writes, "I think there is plenty of gold in Cala to
answer my purpose if I could only find it, and that I am trying to do." This letter
contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Hard work the
miner's portion." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of
the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 6
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1856 July 31
Abstract: Chandler mentions that in Jane's last letter she wrote that she would come out
if he thought it best and wished her to, but then writes, "But still I think you hardly
feel like coming." He mentions that "there is a good many women coming to Cala, there is
three in this place." He also writes that "there is a little village here called
Pinchumtight (we have some queer names for places)." Chandler then responds to another
letter he received from Jane indicating that their parents oppose the idea of Jane
coming to Cala. Chandler writes that he will give it up and "be content to keep bachelor
hall a while longer." Chandler writes that he intends to stay as he can "never think of
going home to work for a living by the day or job." This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Sluicing the main occupation at that
time. Curious Place-names." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain
parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 7
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1856 September 7
Abstract: Chandler writes that his steam engine has failed, and they are putting up a
water wheel to pump in the mean time. He hired a "Chinaman" to work with a rocker, and
the "Chinaman" made "between 24 + 25 Dollars pr Day." Chandler also mentions that he has
put all his money into a claim in hopes of getting more, but then writes that "mining in
river claims is a kind of lottery." This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "Installing a water wheel to pump our claim. Hired
Chinaman with rocker a profitable venture." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title. This letter does not
indicate the year, but based on the days of the week mentioned in the letter and the
location compared to other letters from Chandler, the year could only be 1856.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 8
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1856 October 2
Abstract: Chandler says that he has been forced to put up a water wheel at a cost of 500
dollars, and has been "Camping on the Bank of the Yuba in a factory cloth cabin and not
sewed together very well." Jane is advised to "tell the boys not to vote for [Fremont]
in the presidential election, referring to Fremont by saying, "The wooley Horse won't
succeed in this state I think." Chandler ends his letter with a post script mentioning
that his partners "all belong to the Sons of Temperance so you ars shure suppose that my
company is not all bad." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at
the top which reads: "Fremont Buchanan Campaign." This letter also contains pencil marks
to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 9
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1856 December 17
Abstract: Chandler writes that his "luck has been poor," and pleads for Jane to not be
discouraged. Chandler writes of his new partner, Simon Adams, and mentions that Adams is
"quite a gunner he kills hares, Quail, and we have had a nice hare for supper this Even.
We can cook nearly as well as a woman." Chandler mentions that he expects to eat
something nice for Christmas, "for we have a promise from a Lady to cook the game if we
will get it. I think it a bargain but Adams will have to kill the game I think." This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Somewhat
out of luck but, don't be discouraged Jane. Prospects favorable for Xmas dinner." This
letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to
the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 10
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Long Bar.
1857 February 2
Abstract: Chandler writes of his struggles against claim jumpers, who are a "real Murder
and Robber party" and a lawsuit that resulted in a hung jury. Chandler finds legal
justice difficult, writing that "It is hard to get justice in Cala, except to shoot or
hang the raskals." Chandler also promises Jane that if she would come to California he
would "make some permanent location for the time we stayed as soon as possible."
Chandler writes that Jane "would like mining first rate as the women do generally I
think." He warns that "it is dangerous for a man to have his wife here, for they often
leave their husbands and join the wicked world in the cities or villages and show off in
silks + velvets for a season but that class of people come from the South and Western
states and are generally quite an Ignorant class of beings." Chandler also praises the
healthy climate of California by writing, "almost all who are declining receive [sic]
their health in this country." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first
page at the top which reads: "Claim Jumpers." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 11
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1857 March 15
Abstract: Chandler writes that one man from a "party of raskals" that drove Chandler from
his claim tried to repay him, but a thief stole the money from the man. Chandler washes
his dirt by hydraulking. Chandler writes about a storekeeper in Alpha who was struck
over the head and stabbed several times, possibly by a Frenchman. Regarding the victim,
Chandler writes that "there is no hopes of his living." Chandler writes that he would
like to know how his son Willie is doing, and how the ring he sent to his daughter May
fits. This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Claim Jumpers." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of
the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 12
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1857 November 11
Abstract: Chandler mentions the George Law disaster, and that he knew some who were on the
ship. He finished working on "the big ditch Tunnell" and is now staying in Alpha with a
young man. Chandler also suggests that he would like to stay two or three years if his
claims pay well, and if he could convince Jane "that it is the most romantic place in
the mountains." Chandler also wishes that Jane could see the camp and Chinese Cooks.
Chandler writes that he "must give Cala a good trial before [he] leaves her." This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "A mining
camp described, Alpha diggings, the most romantic place in the mountains." This letter
also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the
title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 14
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1857 December 15
Abstract: Chandler is unhappy that Jane hasn't written in "about two months," and pleads
with Jane to write "oftener." Chandler mentions his assessment fees and writes that he
does not plan to get in any more debt if he can avoid it. Chandler has read about and
makes allusion to a general economic depression in the States (the Panic of 1857). This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Rough
going." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text
pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 15
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1858 January 15
Abstract: Chandler writes that he has received Jane's letters from October and November,
which were miscarried to Omega. He also writes that "the Mormons have been moving for
Salt Lake and sell out cheap." He predicts that "Uncle Sam will have a brush with the
Saints soon" and writes that several men are ready to go to Salt Lake to "get a widow
out there as the Mormons have more than their share." Chandler describes the mining
process of sluicing and washing gravel. Chandler also writes about a wedding the
previous week between a 14 year old "little girl" and a 45 year old man. This letter
contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Mining
operations depicted, tunnel and sluice method described. " "We expect Uncle Sam will
have a brush with the Saints (Mormons) soon." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 16
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1858 February 15
Abstract: Chandler mentions that he had a good Christmas dinner, "cooked first rate by the
Lady Cook." He also writes that "Alpha is the most temperate town or village in the
mountains" and that "most of the boys belong to the Sons of Temperance." The "big ditch"
has also had some problems with landslides, causing interruption of the water supply.
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Tunnel and washing operations discussed, trouble with the 'big ditch' due to land
slides. Xmas cheer." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts
of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 17
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1858 March 11
Abstract: Chandler writes that he washed his gold last week and "got about 50 dollars" in
four days. He recounts the story of a man named Brenan (spelled in the letter Brannan),
who committed suicide by poison on 1858 February 21 in Grass Valley with his wife and
three children. This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top
which reads: "Brannan Tragedy." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight
certain parts of the text pertaining to the title. This letter does not indicate the
year, but based on Chandler's references his daughter Liss, it is less than 1860, when
Liss died. Further, it is unlikely that Chandler wrote twice in March of 1857 or 1859,
which leaves 1858. Also, the location of this letter places it within this time frame,
in addition to the Brenan suicide correlation.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 2 pages long
Box 1, Folder 18
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1858 August 15
Abstract: Chandler writes of a party of Indians who skirmished with a party of overland
emigrant prospectors on the way to Vancouver Island gold prospects. Chandler also writes
on the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush on Vancouver Island and the difficulty that prospectors
face with regard to adequate provisions. Chandler asks if Jane would be willing to allow
Lissy to come to California, adding that "she could wash the fishes when she gets a
little older" and [he] could cook them. He also mentions that "there [are] lots of
little girls here and [they] go to all the balls when they are six years [old] and dance
like tops." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which
reads: "Indians." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of
the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 19
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Gaston Ridge.
1858 December 15
Abstract: Chandler writes that he has been building a log cabin. While he is writing the
letter, several men are around and one "Chinaman," a cook, is asking questions about the
meaning of words that Chandler is writing. Chandler allows the "Chinaman" to write on
the letter. This letter contains a brief paragraph containing a translation of Chinese
writing written by a Chinese man named Ah Pay as shown on the third page of this folio.
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Chinaman's Postscript." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain
parts of the text pertaining to the title. This letter does not indicate the year, but
the year must be 1858 because a Wednesday on the 15th day of December could only be 1858
or 1869. Since his daughter May is alive, it must be 1858. (May died in 1860.)
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 20
Letter from Jane M. Chandler to N.A. Chandler, written from Lowell,
Massachusetts on a pictorial letter sheet titled "Statistics of Lowell Manufactures,
1859."
1859 February 27
Abstract: Jane Chandler writes about health of family and acquaintances. She writes about
her financial circumstances and what led her to go to work in Lowell's mills. Speaking
of her financial situation, she writes, "I am as willing to work for a living as any
one, and all the reason I have not before was on the children's account" You seem to
rejoice that you have driven me to it by not sending me any money." She explains why she
would not like to move to California permanently. This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "A few words from The Misses, her only
letter in the lot."
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 21
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Nevada.
1859 March 17
Abstract: Chandler discourages Jane from working in the mills. He compares factory girls
to servants and then describes California women, writing that "you would think to see
them that they were mostly queens." He writes of the variety of females from different
nations, and of "Spanish dance houses." He also mentions that a Spanish woman struck her
abusive husband with a dirk and was locked up and tried in court, but later cleared on
the grounds of "Justifiable Self Defense." He writes that if his daughter May "will have
her ears bored" he will send her some earrings. He may attend the local theater to see
"The Virginia Minstrels" and "pass off the time. This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Objects to his wife taking a job in a
Lowell mill, compares the working woman's status in Nevada and in Mass. 'Spanish Dance
Houses' Hotels: 'Virginia Minstrels.'" This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 22
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Alpha.
1859 May 15
Abstract: Chandler describes his brother Charles's arrival and writes that he "doesn't
think mining will suit Charlie very well." When Charles first arrived, Chandler "did not
know him from the man in the moon, neither did he me." If he does well in the summer,
Chandler plans to travel to the U.S. or send money for Jane to come to him in the fall.
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Trials of the Tender-foot, Renewal of acquaintance with brother Charles, the writer
hires some men, contemplates a trip from Utah to the U.S." This letter also contains
pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 23
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Nevada.
1859 August 27
Abstract: Chandler describes his new prospects in Nevada near the Carson and Truckee
Rivers. He describes the Mormons in the area as an "awful looking set of people" who
"look nearly as bad off as the Piute Indians which are our neighbors." He writes about
Mormon women, one of which said "she would marry any poor good looking young man who
would take her to Cala." He also writes about the Piute, who "are a very civil but
numerous tribe" and their agent, Col. Dodge. Chandler writes that the settlers "have had
a convention of people for making a new Territory called Nevada Territory." Chandler
visited the Washoe Tribe of Indians, mentioning that "they committed some depredations
this past winter" but he thinks "the whites are more to blame than the Indians, they use
them shamefully very often." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page
at the top which reads: "No law here (Utah Territory) " Convention held for making a new
territory to be called Nevada Territory. Hardships of Mormons and other Emigrants.
Indians treated "shamefully." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight
certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 24
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Nevada.
1859 November 3
Abstract: Chandler has moved to Utah Territory in the vicinity of the Carson and Truckee
Rivers. He built a stone cabin, and is boarding a family from Massachusetts at present.
He writes that he "sometimes gets homesick for a while, but when I come to think that a
man is not of much account [without] money, then I am more determined not to return
until I can meet the expectations of the folks at home." This letter contains notations
in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Rich diggings in Utah (Nevada?) "My
prospects better now than they ever have been Regular 49 Times." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 25
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1860 January 12
Abstract: Chandler writes of the hard winter due to cold, but that he has "a very warm
stone cabin, a good stove, and plenty wood for the present." Chandler writes that "the
richest diggings ever discovered are here," and he almost had an interest in a company
that sold a claim for 240,000 dollars. Chandler writes of his experience with the Piute
and Washoe tribes of Indians, telling how he and some other miners tried to help some
Indians who were freezing to death. "We tried to catch the young scamps but they yelled
like murder so we let them go we heard afterwards they had frozen to death." He also
writes of the suffering of an emigrant family whose "teams had died on the road and were
out of provisions." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the
top which reads: "Sufferings of Indians and Emigrants." This letter also contains pencil
marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 26
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1860 March 10
Abstract: Chandler writes on the bonanzas of the Virginia City vicinity, and the large
crowds of people. "Every house, stable, and tent is full every night and many sleep in
tunnels or holes in the ground." He has been keeping books for some companies while
waiting out the winter. He also describes the Indians as harmless, but "they are big
beggars, they will beg you out grub and clothes if you allow them about." Chandler
recommends Jane not go to Lowell any more, "except you wish to get married again." This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Bonanzas
and booms in Utah (Nevada?) diggings." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title. This letter does not
indicate the year, but the year must be 1860 because it is after the arrival of Charles
in November 1859 and before the death of Lucian in August 1861. In March 1861 Chandler
was in the Eastern United States.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 27
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1860 April 13
Abstract: Chandler writes on the rush to Virginia City, and the high sales prices of some
claims. He writes that his "most extravagant expectations are very likely to be realized
in a short time, but from 20 to 100 thousand is not considered much of a raise in this
country of silver and gold." He writes that the Pony Express arrived last evening in 8
days and 20 hours. This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top
which reads: "Great expectations. Pony Express." This letter also contains pencil marks
to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 28
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1860 May 30
Abstract: Chandler visits Oakland from San Francisco, and describes the Oakland area. He
has had trouble settling his accounts in Virginia City because of the recent Indian
troubles, and writes that the Volunteers and Regulars have had a brush with them "this
morning." Chandler writes on San Francisco, mentioning that "the people here call it
Morral [sic] now but our New England friends would not think so perhaps." Chandler
writes on San Francisco's cultural attractions and women. He also writes on the way
women dress in San Francisco. This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page
at the top which reads: "Amusements of San Francisco, Adornment of the women." This
letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to
the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 29
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1860 June 19
Abstract: Chandler writes about the retaking of the first battle ground of the Paiute
Indian War of 1860, the discovery of Captain Storey's body and his burial, which
Chandler attended. He writes that General Haven and Colonel Jack Hayes came over with
him to organize a force and "give them all a whipping." He writes that he has good
prospects and would like to go to Europe if he is successful. This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Indian Troubles, Trip to
Europe." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text
pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 30
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1860 June 28
Abstract: Chandler writes on his interest in mining claims around Virginia City and Alpha.
He writes that "fortune has seemed to frown on all my undertakings until the last few
months" but now "I can realize more money from my last years work than I ever expected
to have." Chandler also writes that he visited a fortune teller who told him that he is
"to hear of the death of a male relation soon." This letter contains notations in pencil
on the first page at the top which reads: "Changing Luck." This letter also contains
pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 31
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1860 August 19
Abstract: Chandler writes of his sorrow upon receiving word that his daughter May has
died. He writes that he visited a spiritualist in San Francisco in July and was told of
the death of a blood relation, but he "did not know that it was our Dear Child May." He
writes of his plans to return in September and be with Jane. This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Death of Children,
Consolation through spiritualism." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight
certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 2 pages long
Box 1, Folder 32
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1860 November 17
Abstract: Chandler writes that he must go to Virginia City to settle his accounts "before
going east." His mines are "proving very rich in Utah exceeding the expectations of the
most Sanguine." He writes to console Jane after the recent loss of their child May. This
letter contains notations in pencil on the bottom of the last page with reference to
some topics of the letter. This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain
parts of the text pertaining to the notes.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 33
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1861 April 9
Abstract: Chandler writes that he caught the ague fever in Acapulco, but is now "safe and
sound although [he] had a very long passage over 26 days." A man named Mr. Payne has
been quite sick since arriving in California. Chandler finds "trade in Washoe stock
quite dull at present" and intends to go over the mountains to sell his house in
Virginia City for 1000 dollars if he can. This letter contains notations in pencil on
the first page at the top which reads: "2nd Arrival in California." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 2 pages long
Box 1, Folder 34
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1861 April 30
Abstract: Chandler writes that "some think we shall have war here, but the most think the
troubles east will not affect us for worse" we have the News of the Taking of Fort
Sumpter [sic]" Mr. Payne died of yellow fever; "It was a very sad affair." Chandler
writes on agriculture in California. This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "War Rumors, Fall of Fort Sumter, Pony Express 8 or x
days from St. Louis." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts
of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 35
Letter N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1861 May 15
Abstract: Chandler writes on various legal affairs pertaining to his property ownership.
He writes that he is sorry to hear that Jane doesn't "enjoy [her] breakfasts better"
adding that "some mornings I am in the same way." He adds, "I think you will be all
right soon if the Boy does well and doesn't turn to a girl." Chandler also asks if they
think the North is going to "whip the South" and subject to the Black Administration and
adds, "if they do they will be fooled Mightily." This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Copperheadism." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
The last page has notations in pencil which reads: "Little stranger discounted."
(Referring to an unborn child.)
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 36
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1861 June 8
Abstract: Chandler writes that his "interests have suffered some for want of attention"
and that some of his claims were "Jumped." He still has valuable claims, and has had
offers to sell. He writes that "the Southern feeling or Succession people are about
equal to the Union" and that "we had the Succession flag here flying yesterday." "Troops
from Fort Churchill came in and demanded the U.S. arms in the hands of people since the
Indian trouble last year." Chandler hopes that the abolitionists "will all be sent to
the South and put in the front of the battle as they are responsible for all this
trouble." He encourages Jane to tell their friends not to enlist in the cause, adding
that "their chances will be small for getting back in three years." He ends by asking
Jane to "write how all the little Boys are doing" (emphasis in original). This letter
contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Anti-Abolitionist Sentiments." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight
certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 37
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1861 August 25
Abstract: Chandler writes that he expects to sell soon, and that "the mines here are
proving very rich especially about Gold Hill and Virginia and that one would hardly know
the place now as one year ago." He also writes that "Governor Nye is here" and that they
have an election for organizing the Territory and sending a member to Congress to "put
Lincoln's war policy men to flight." Chandler adds that "many men have left for the East
to fight, mostly for the South." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first
page at the top which reads: "Anti-war Sentiments Lincoln's hirelings" and their
"destructive policy" This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts
of the text pertaining to the title. This letter does not indicate the year, but the
year must be 1861 because it references the organization of the Nevada Territory. The
first election after the organization occurred on August 31, 1861, or as Chandler wrote,
"next week."
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 38
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1862 January 10
Abstract: Chandler writes that "Sacramento and all the valley has been all under water"
and that "Horses, Cattle, and Houses have been carried away." He writes that there is
much excitement over some discoveries above Oregon called the Caraboo (Caribou) Mines,
in the "British Dominion." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at
the top which reads: "Flood in Sacramento Valley, New gold discovered in the British
Dominion." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text
pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 39
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1862 March 10
Abstract: Chandler writes that he is happy to hear that they have another daughter born to
them, and proposes to call her Mary Jane. He writes about a woman named Mrs. Hanabal,
who is from Hartland, who may have gotten pregnant without her husband. He asks Jane to
"say nothing that I write you but see what color the baby is and let me know." This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "A Little
Stranger. Scandal in another quarter." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 40
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1862 October 10
Abstract: Chandler writes that he has become "tired of living in this country in this way"
and he is "tired of a bachelor's life." He prefers a common name for the baby and gives
consent to name the baby as Jane chooses. This letter contains notations in pencil on
the first page at the top which reads: "The time will come yet when an honest white man
will be as much respected as a Negro (Greeley excepted)." This letter also contains
pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 41
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1863 February 1
Abstract: Chandler writes that he has "had rather dull times to sell stock in mines but
the prospects are better now." He writes to encourage Jane to come out to him. Chandler
describes Virginia City and the mines. He writes of "Old Abe's Thieves in the shape of
Federal Tax collectors" and that "the Repb course is dead or nearly so here, the people
don't swallow the Emancipation course." This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "Harsh words for Uncle Abe's Govt." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 42
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1863 April 8
Abstract: Chandler explains his problem with a land deed, and enlists Jane's help. He
explains that he has lost a lot of money "by bad debts and fall of stocks." Chandler
writes about his money problems and leaves instructions for Jane. He also writes a small
note to Willie, offering suggestions for names for Willie's colt, including "Uncle Abe,"
"Jeff Davis," and "Monitor." This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page
at the top which reads: "A family real estate transaction. Chandler the cynic. Tell
Father A to keep his head cool and feet dry. Uncle Abe won't get us two in the draw
cause we ant Round if we was we are to old and if we ant to old xxx." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 43
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1863 July 26
Abstract: Chandler writes that he is satisfied with present prospects and has purchased
some house lots in San Francisco. Chandler explains his business interests and the
wealth that surrounds him. "I was one of the first six to come here in /59, we used then
to sleep in the Sedg brush, we now have fine Hotels and private houses." He encourages
Jane to travel west to be with him. This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "Prospects Improving." This letter also contains
pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 44
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1863 November 11
Abstract: Chandler gives an update of his mining investments and property holdings. He
lists many common acquaintances, mostly from Medford, whom he has seen. He writes Jane
to "Tell father to be a peace Democrat, if they do call him Copperhead, I am with him."
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads:
"Prosperity- 6% a month, Opposed to War, Peace on almost any terms." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 45
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1864 February 8
Abstract: Chandler writes that he has "cleared six thousand dollars on the rise of stocks
within the last month, mostly in the Lady Bryan." He doesn't "feel like going to Mass or
any other Black Republican state while the war is going on." He encourages Jane to come
west with the children, offering to pay their way. This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Easy money in mining stocks, Hard
knocks for "Old Abe" and his abolition war." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 46
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from San Francisco.
1864 March 13
Abstract: Chandler gives an update of his anticipated stock values, writing that he
manages them via the Territorial Enterprise. He describes the drought conditions of
California and Nevada. Chandler reassures Jane of his intentions and plans to come home.
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "More
Prosperity. California drought. Family Jars." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 47
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1864 August 14
Abstract: Chandler writes that the times have been "running very rough in the Spring and
Summer as well as with most others." He blames the U.S. Government for mining stock
failures, and mentions that he "resigned [his] position in the Lady Bryan mine on
account of the hard times." He encourages Jane to write oftener. This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Black Republican
administration, Civil war." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain
parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 48
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1865 April 10
Abstract: Chandler writes about his financial losses, and a visit that he made to a
fortune teller. He writes what an "Old Fortune Teller" told him regarding his past and
future. He recounts the excitement of the city on Lee's surrender to Grant, but holds
some doubt of it because "the wires don't always bring the truth." This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Hard times " "My luck
runs wild." "Our city crazy with excitement on account of Lee's surrender to Grant!"
This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining
to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 49
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1865 April 30
Abstract: Chandler writes that he is thinking of settling down soon, countering Jane's
assertion that Chandler will not come home. He writes on the reaction to Lincoln's
assassination. This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top
which reads: "Assassination of Lincoln." This letter also contains pencil marks to
highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 50
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Virginia City.
1865 November 26
Abstract: Chandler writes that "it has been very hard times here in Mineing [sic]
operations this year." Chandler laments separation from his wife and regards his
condition as if "everyone's curse is on me." He mentions that the editor of the
Territorial Enterprise mistakenly sent the subscription to Hartford instead of Hartland.
This letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "The
writer is a bit low in his mind. Ups and downs in the miner's lot." This letter also
contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 51
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Hamilton.
1869 December 22
Abstract: Chandler addresses concerns that he has been unfaithful to Jane, and asserts his
innocence. He has had some "sickness and bruises by a fall from a building which hurt
[him] very bad." He writes of his living circumstances for the past several years. This
letter contains notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Not
guilty!" This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text
pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 52
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Hamilton.
1870 November 16
Abstract: Chandler writes that "times have been very dull in regards to selling mines" and
that "Capitalists are afraid except they see all their money in sight." He writes that
he is near the Utah line and that the Mormons "are very cautious about thier [sic] wives
while living among gentiles." He writes on the November 8th 1870 elections in Nevada and
the new Governor, Lewis R. Bradley. This letter contains notations in pencil on the
first page at the top which reads: "Dull times in mining operations. Cautious Mormons.
Black and Tan Republicans wiped up in late election." This letter also contains pencil
marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 3 pages long
Box 1, Folder 53
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Eureka.
1871 May 7
Abstract: Chandler has been working as a stonecutter. He corrects Jane's notion that
people in Eureka "are all a rough set of people." He asserts that "this is a much better
place to be poor in than New England." Chandler discourages consulting mediums and feels
that "they are the biggest humbugs in existence." He criticizes his Brothers and writes,
"you may doubt it, but I do not think of dying a drunkard." This letter contains
notations in pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Yankees rated below par,
mediums likewise." This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of
the text pertaining to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long
Box 1, Folder 54
Letter from N.A. Chandler to Jane M. Chandler, written from Eureka.
1872 June 9
Abstract: Chandler writes that he is putting all his money into a new mine. He describes
Eureka and its resources. He expects to go to the World's Fair in 1876. Chandler writes
that he favors Greeley over Grant. Chandler extols the virtues of California weather and
the seasons as it pertains to health, adding that in the interior of California, "people
do not usually die until thier [sic] time comes." This letter contains notations in
pencil on the first page at the top which reads: "Promising outlook for paying ore at
Eureka. Favors Greeley in the Greeley-Grant Presidential campaign. California climate."
This letter also contains pencil marks to highlight certain parts of the text pertaining
to the title.
Physical Description: 1 autographed letter signed, 4 pages long