Guide to the David C. Tambo Nigerian history collection Bernath Mss 383
This guide also contains the following appendices:
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Peace Corps 1968 August - 1970 December
Bauchi Government Secondary School [where David Tambo taught, 1969] 1968-1969
Nigeria Tourist Guide – 2nd impression 1969
Peace Corps Handbook – 5th edition 1967 July 14
Peace Corps Reader 1967 September
Welcome to Nigeria late 1960s
Dissertation research 1975 March - 1976 December
General
Bibliography
Blacksmiths
Charcoal - Lists undated
Correspondence
Documents (includes Nigerian driver's license)
Early Iron Working in Africa
Fulbright-Hays Fellowship
Gunn [Harold D.] Consultancy 1980-1981, 1990
Historiography
Ironworking Linguistic Evidence
Ironworking Terms
Key to Color Code
Museum Collections (as primary sources for African history)
Mwahavul Smelting Apparatus (sketch)
Ngas Terms
Nigeria Airways - Passenger and Tourist Guide 1976
Notebooks/Diaries (includes calendars for interview)
Photographs / Photographic Evidence (articles about)
Preservation / Digitization (especially oral sources)
Research Notes
Research Questions
Shammas, M.
Shammas – Stubs of samples, used for analysis.
Smelting and Smiths
Smelting Technology
Timeline of Historical Events on the Plateau 1900 - 1961
Archival/Primary sources
Nigeria
Jos museum
National Archives Kaduna (NAK)
Great Britain
Rhodes House Library, University of Oxford
United States
Artifacts
Lists (arranged chronologically)
Samples
Birom, at Nar. 1975 August 18
Ngas at Ner. 1975 September 22
Ngas, at Pankshin 1975 September 22
Pyem, at Langai 1976 May 18
Sample 1
Ngas, at Cwill-Kapor 1976 June 30
Sample 8
Ron/Challa, at Manguna 1976 June 30
Ron/Challa, at Manguna 1976 July 21
Ngas, at Cwill-Kapor 1976 September 18
Mwahavul/Sura, near Mangun 1976 September 20
Sample 1
Sample 4
Sample 5
Sample 9
Mwahavul/Sura, at Chindom-Ampang 1976 September 25
Sample 1: "Kashal"
Mwahavul/Sura, at Vodni 1976 October 11
Sample 1
Sample 6
Sample 9
Sample 19
Sample 24
Sample 1
Sample 6
Sample 7
Sample 12
Sample 16
Sample 18
Sample 1
Sample 20
Sample 21
Sample 22
Sample 23
Currency
Coins
Biafra 1 shilling (1969)
Paper Currency
Interviews
Audiocassettes
Birom - Jonah Madugu Collection
1A - Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 14 July 1975. 1B - Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 15 July 1975; Tajan Jang at Kuzen, 16 July 1975.
2A - Sambo Hwei at Kurra Birom, 20 July 1975; Jakawa Kash at Kurra Birom, 22 July 1975. 2B - Jakawa Kash (cont.); Macif Magit at Kuzen, 22 July 1975.
3A - Dagul Gyong at Kakuruk, 22 July 1975. 3B - Mangat Horo at Kakuruk, 26 July 1975.
4A - Jok Dagut at Ex Lands, 8 Aug. 1975. 4B - Dagul Dayong at Kakuruk, 9 Aug. 1975; Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 10 Aug. 1975.
5A - Mafulal Datong at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975; Macif Man at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975. 5B - Mabas Mandau and Macif Man at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975; Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 13 Aug. 1975.
6A - Makob Mayal at Nar, 20 Aug. 1975. 6B - Makob Mayal (cont.)
7A - Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975. 7B - Alamba Badung (cont.)
8A - Alamba Badung (cont.) 8B - Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975; Tajan Jang at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975.
9A - Ndo Mbok at Riyom, 15 Sept. 1975. 9B - (Blank).
10A - Dalyop Chung at Gyel, 23 Sept. 1975. 10B - Dalyop Chung (cont.)
11A - Dalyop Chung at Gyel, 18 Dec. 1975. 11B - Dalyop Chung (cont.)
12A - Alamba Badung at Yelwa, 20 Dec. 1975. 12B - Alamba Badung (cont.); Badung Dagul Danbwang Bachit at Bachit, 24 Dec. 1975.
13A - Alamba Badung at Gindi Akwati, 20 [?] Dec. 1975. 13B - D. A. Mangut (not transcribed).
Challa - Francis Adams Collection
1A - Magit Mangai at Daffo, 24 May 1976. 1B - Magit Mangai (cont.)
2A - Maren Machen at Daffo, 24 May 1976. 3B - Malo Mukan (cont.)
3A - Malo Mukan at Daffo, 2 June 1976. 3B - Malo Mukan (cont.)
4A - Maren Machen at Daffo, 14 June 1976. 4B - Maren Machen (cont.); Mafwulal Malweshesh at Mbar, 21 June 1976.
5A - Mafwulal Malweshesh (cont.); Mabwas Maran at Mbar, 21 June 1976. 5B - Mabwas Maran (cont.); Diyong Matek at Mbar, 21 June 1976.
6A - Mayat Yayi at Manguna, 30 June 1976; Mangai Fala at Manguna, 30 June 1976. 6B - Mangai Fala (cont.); Mabas Pwal at Manguna, 30 June 1976.
7A - Mabas Pwal (cont.); Tonga Kating at Manguna, 30 June 1976; Matur Magwan at Daffo, 8 July 1976. 7B - Matur Magwan (cont.)
8A - Maren Machen at Daffo, 8 July 1976. 8B - Maren Machen (cont.); Uren Mandash at Daffo, 14 July 1976.
9A - Uren Mandash (cont.) 9B - Uren Mandash (cont.); Uren Mandash at Daffo, 28 July 1976.
10A Uren Mandash (cont.); Magit Mangai at Daffo, 4 Aug. 1976. 10B - Magit Mangai (cont.)
Challa - David Bwai Collection
1A - Mabas Pwal at Manguna, 21 July 1976. 1B - Malo Maren at Manguna, 21 July 1976.
2A - Malo Maren at Manguna, 28 July 1976. 2A - Malo Maren at Manguna, 28 July 1976.
Chip - Emmanuel Dabis Collection
1A - Daen Yadok at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. 1A - Daen Yadok at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975.
2A - J. D. Damang (cont.); Nangunam Longkam at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. 2B - Nangunam Longkam (cont.); Dasim Taldang at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975.
3A - Dasim Taldang (cont.); Dashe Kopyikhil at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. 3A - Dasim Taldang (cont.); Dashe Kopyikhil at Kwallah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975.
4A – Dasuhun (cont.) 4B - (Blank).
Chip - Stephen Satlong Collection
1A - Kuklong Longkam at Longkat Chip, 26 June 1976. 1B - Dagwor Schwarkop at Kopkuleng Chip, 12 July 1976.
2A - Tangkop Dashe at Jepmidiyel Chip, 12 July 1976; Dakup Danan at Bakwar Chip, 20 July 1976. 2B - (Blank).
3A - Dakan Dapam at Khidugum Chip, 20 July 1976. 3B - Dakan Dapam (cont.); Daen Yadok at Kopkuleng Chip, 27 July 1976.
4A - Daen Yadok, (cont.); Tepsim Dyelti at Minting Chip, 27 July 1976; Dakam Dadiye at Minting Chip, 27 July 1976. 4B - Dakam Dadiye (cont.)
1A - Sarkin Pawa at Naraguta, 17 July 1975; Alhaji Garba Naraguta at Naraguta,17 July 1975; Garba Mohammadu at Naraguta, 21 July 1975.1B - Alhaji Garba Dan Imamu at Bukuru, 27 July 1975; Alhaji Abubakar Sarkin Gurum at Gurum, 26 July 1975.
2A - Garba Mohammadu at Naraguta, 14 Aug. 1975; Sarkin Pawa at Naraguta, 15 Aug. 1975. 2B - (Blank).
3A - Bunu (Sarkin Station), Sarki Abubakar, Baba Ciroma and others at Tilden Fulani, 28 Aug. 1975; Madaki at Liruien Delma, 6 Sept. 1975. 3B - Madaki (cont.)
4A - Ciroma at Tilden Fulani, 9 Sept. 1975; Interview at Badikko, 10 Sept. 1975 (not transcribed as informants proved uncooperative). 4B - Madaki at Liruien Delma, 11 Sept. 1975.
5A – Madaki (cont.) 5B – Madaki (cont.); Ahmadu at Liruien Delma, 11 Sept. 1975 (not transcribed as informant was not lucid).
Mushere - Jwan Mathew Collection
1A - Gupat Rindum at Mushere, 23 June 1976. 1B - Ngukat Remkes at Mushere, 23 June 1976.
2A - Brengshak Jwan at Mushere, 14 July 1976. 2B - (Blank).
Mwahavul/Sura - Thomas Anpe Collection
1A - Audu Yahaya at Panyam, 4 Sept. 1975; Gongci Jwakyes at Lakopal Panyam, 9 Sept. 1975. 1B - Gongci Jwakyes (cont.); Panle Dirchop at Jwak Panyam, 16 Sept. 1976.
2A - Panle Dirchop (cont.); Panle Dirchop at Jwak Panyam, 21 Sept. 1976. 2B - Panle Dirchop (cont.)
3A - Panle Dirchop (cont.); Met Daslong at Chendom Ampang, 25 Sept. 1976. 3B - Met Daslong (cont.); Dakwel Manglek at Kopshu Ampang, 25 Sept. 1976.
Mwahavul/Sura - Dakon Cishak Collection
1A - Damwesh Rinba at Mangun, 8 June 1976. 1B - Damwesh Rinba (cont.); Ringjwat Miduhur at Yemdung Mangun, 17 June 1976.
2A - Ringjwat Miduhur (cont.); Citwas Diyekyes Lihit at Lihit Mangun, 24 June 1976. 2B - Citwas Diyekyes (cont.)
3A - Ringjwat Miduhur at Yemdung Mangun, 29 June 1976. 3B - Cishak Vwambereng at Bilar Kereng, 7 July 1976.
4A - Cishak Vwambereng (cont.). 4B - Cishak Vwambereng (cont.); Dabwan Dawel at Bilar Kereng, 30 July 1976.
5A - Dabwan Dawel (cont.); Ringjwat Miduhur at Mangun, 6 Sept. 1976. 5B - Ringjwat Miduhur (cont.); Ringjwat Miduhur at Yemdung Mangun, 20 Sept. 1976.
Mwahavul/Sura - Leo Kumben Collection
1A - Panle Dirchop at Jwak Pianiya (Pan yam), 9 Oct. 1976; Dabel Dasan at Kombun, 14 Oct. 1976. 1B - Bwan Dushu at Kombun, 18 Oct. 1976; Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 26 Oct. 1976.
2A - Tokgol Makmang (cont.); Shaibu Dashal at Kombun, 30 Oct. 1976; Gol Guzan at Vodni, 8 Nov. 1976. 2B - Gol Guzan (cont.); Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 15 Nov. 1976
Mwahavul/Sura - Monday Mangvwat Collection
1A - Met Daslong at Ampang, 23 Dec. 1975. 1B - Met Daslong (cont.)
Mwahavul/Sura - Stephen Niyang Collection
1A - Niyang Glongshik at Vodni, 28 May 1976. 1B - Niyang Glongshik (cont.); Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 28 May 1976.
2A - Yusufu Dakahap at Sabon Kerang, 29 May 1976. 2B - Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 2 Aug. 1976.
3A - Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 11 Oct. 1976. 3B - Tokgol Makmang (cont.); Niyang Glongshik at Vodni, 11 Oct. 1976.
1A - Wakdok Polit at Vel Pangchen (Pankshin), 8 July 1975; Polit Kikop at Vel Pangchen, 9 July 1975. 1B - Nendir Dafol Midim at Kor Pangchen, 14 July 1975.
2A - Chinji Jimin at Jimin Wokkos, 15 July 1975. 2B - Gokum Gosep at Jimin Wokkos, 15 July 1975.
3A - Gokum Gosep (cont.); Sonjiyit Longshikka at Gille Wokkos, 22 July 1975. 3B - Sonjiyit Longshikka (cont.)
4A - Sonjiyit Longshikka (cont.); Chorka Bwirkop at Gille Wokkos, 22 July 1975. 4B - Yonkukka Majinga Kapor at Kapor Mulok Pangchen, 22 Aug. 1975.
5A - Yongkukka Majinga Kapor (cont.); Ranshak Kirdiya at Cwill Mulor, 22 Aug. 1975. 5B - Ranshak Kirdiya (cont.)
6A - Sedima Kishakka at Chor Ner Pangchen, 2 Sept. 1975. 6B - Sedima Kishakka (cont.).
7A - Sedima Kishakka (cont.) 7B - (Blank).
8A - Goldima Gotom at Ner Pangchen, 16 Sept. 1975. 8B - Goldima Gotom (cont.)
9A - Gakwatshik Nde at Ner Pangchen, 17 and 22 Sept. 1975. 9B - Gakwatshik Nde (cont.)
10A - Koptam Dechi at Amper, 20 Sept. 1975. 10B - Koptam Dechi (cont.)
11A - Koptam Dechi (cont.); Gonding Tongchin at Amper, 20 Sept. 1975. 11B - Gonding Tongchin (cont.)
12A - Gonding Tongchin (cont.); Gowong Dimka at Kabwir, 22 Sept. 1975. 12B - Gowong Dimka (cont.)
13A - Gowong Dimka (cont.); Gotan Hakime at Kabwir, 22 Sept. 1975; Balar Kurama at Pwel, 22 Sept. 1975. 13B - Balar Kurama (cont.); Gombwir Goyer at Pwel, 22 Sept. 1975.
14A - Gombwir Goyer (cont.) 14A - Gombwir Goyer (cont.)
15A - Yongkukka Majinga at Kapor Pangchen, 16 Dec. 1975. 15B - Yongkukka Majinga ( cont.); Yongkukka Majinga at Kapor Pangchen, 20 Dec. 1975.
16A - Diga Goshit at Cwill, 23 Dec. 1975; 16B - Diga Goshit (cont.); Yilwuka Yiljur at Cwill, 23 Dec. 1975.
17A - Yongkukka Majinga at Kapor Pangchen, 18 Sept. 1976. 17B - (Blank).
Pyem - Yusuf Iliya Collection
1A - Ali Roko, Habu Ajiya, and Umar Sambo at Kasuwan Ali, 18 Dec. 1975; Gaya Musa and Juwan Mangai at Gindiri, 18 Dec. 1975. 1B - Gaya Musa (cont.)
2A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kasuwan Ali, 9 Feb. 1976. 2B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
3A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kasuwan Ali, 1 Mar. 1976. 3B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
4A - Ali Roko and Jeltu BaSambo at Kasuwan Ali, 25 Mar. 1976. 4B - Ali Roko and Jeltu BaSambo (cont.)
5A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 6 Apr. 1976. 5B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
6A - Kaktu Sodan at Kwer Goro, 13 Apr. 1976. 6B - Kaktu Sodan (cont.)
7A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro, 28 Apr. 1976. 7B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
8A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro, 4 May 1976. 8B - Habur Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
9A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro, 15 May 1976. 9B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
10A - Kemu Jer at Chanso, 20 May 1976. 10B - Kaktu Sodan at Kwer Goro, 14 June 1976.
11A - Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro, 26 June 1976. 11B - Habu Ajiya Mangai (cont.)
1A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 16 Feb. 1976. 1B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
2A - Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 2 Mar. 1976. 2B - Yarima Pate (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 10 Mar. 1976.
3A - Salihu Wallah (cont.) 3B - Salihu Wallah (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 22 Mar. 1976.
4A - Salihu Wallah (cont.) 4B - Salihu Wallah (cont.); Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 29 Mar. 1976.
5A - Yarima Pate (cont.) 5B - Yarima Pate (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 5 Apr. 1976.
6A - Salihu Wallah (cont.) 6B - Salihu Wallah (cont.); Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 1 May 1976.
7A - Yarima Pate (cont.) 7B - Yarima Pate (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 8 May 1976.
8A - Salihu Wallah (cont.) 8B - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 10 May 1976.
9A - Salihu Wallah (cont.) 9B - Ahmadu Zelkat at Langai, 18 May 1976.
10A - Ahmadu Zelkat (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 26 May 1976. 10B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
11A - Salihu Wallah (cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 2 June 1976. 11B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
12A - Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 3 June 1976. 12B - Yarima Pate (cont.)
13A - Sangmi Yakse at Bakin Kogi (near Gindiri, 15 June 1976) 13B - Sangmi Yakse (cont.)
14A - Sangmi Yakse(cont.); Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 26 June 1976. 14B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
17A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 17 Oct. 1976. 17B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
18A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 19 Oct. 1976. 18B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
19A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 6 Nov. 1976. 19B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
20A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 7 Nov. 1976. 20B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
21A - Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 27 Nov. 1976. 21B - (Blank).
22A - Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 27 Nov. 1976. 22B - Salihu Wallah (cont.)
Rumada (in Hausa) – Usman Umaru Collection
15A - Maji Mohammadu at Rinjin Butu, 22 July 1976. 15B - Jibir Yari Baka at Rinjin Butu, 22 July 1976.
16A - Jibir Yari Baka at Rinjin Butu, 13 Aug. 1976. 16B - Jibir Yari Baka (cont.)
Translations/Transcripts
Microfilm of Typescripts
Typescripts
1: Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 14 July 1975. Blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 1.
2: Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 15 July 1975. Blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 1.
3: Tajan Jang at Kuzen, 16 July 1975. Iron mining and blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 1.
4: Sambo Hwei at Kurra Birom, 20 July 1975. Iron mining and smelting in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 2. See 18 Aug. 1975, Photos 0/26. 27 for images of Sambo Hwei.
5: Jakawa Kash at Kurra Birom, 22 July 1975. Iron mining and smelting in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 2.
6: Macif Magit at Kuzen, 22 July 1975. Iron mining and smelting in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 3.
7: Dagul Dagyong at Kakuruk, 22 July 1975. Blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 3.
8: Mangat Horo at Kakuruk, 26 July 1975. Iron mining, smelting, and blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 3.
9:Jok Dagut at Ex Lands, 8 Aug. 1975. Iron smelting and blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 4.
10: Dagul Dayong at Kakuruk, 9 Aug. 1975. Blacksmithing in Birom area s.e. of Jos. Madugu Tape 4.
11: Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 10 Aug. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, and blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 4. See 18 Aug. 1975, Photos 0/17-19 for associated photos of workshop of Mangai Mahwet.
12: Mafulal Datong at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, and blacksmithing in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tape 5.
13: Macif Man at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975. Iron mining and smelting in Birom area s.e. of Jos. Madugu Tape 5.
14: Mabas Mandau and Macif Man at Nar, 13 Aug. 1975. Blacksmithing. Madugu Tape 5.
15: Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 13 Aug. 1975. Blacksmithing, cost and distribution of iron items. Madugu Tape 5.
16: Makob Mayal at Nar, 20 Aug. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, and blacksmithing in the Nar area (partly Birom and partly Afusare). Tape 6. See related 18 Aug. 1975: Samples 1-5. Also, see related photos 0/4-0/11.
17: Alamba Badung at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975. Apprenticeship for blacksmiths; blacksmithing ceremonies; production and distribution of items, Gashish area s.e. of Jos. Madugu Tapes 7 and 8.
18: Mangai Mahwet at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975. Smelting, preparation of charcoal in Birom area s.e. of Jos. Madugu Tape 8. See related photos 0/17-0/19.
19: Tajan Jang at Kuzen, 22 Aug. 1975. Mining, slave labour in Gashish area of Birom. Madugu Tapes 8 and 9.
20: Ndo Mbok at Riyom, 15 Sept. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, smithing, important festivals in area s.w. of Jos. Madugu Tape 9.
21: Dalyop Chung at Gyel, 23 Sept. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, blacksmithing in Gyel area of Birom. Madugu Tape 10.
22: Dalyop Chung at Gyel, 18 Dec. 1975. Economic organization and trade in Jos area. Madugu Tape 11.
23: Alamba Badung at Yelwa, 20 Dec. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, smithing. Madugu Tape 12.
24: Badung Dagul Danbwang Bachit at Bachit, 24 Dec. 1975. Economic organization and trade among the Birom. Madugu Tape 12.
25: Alamba Badung at Gindi Akwati, 20 Dec.1975. General economic questions; agriculture, hunging, fishing, Birom traders called 'jik' in southern Birom area. Madugu Tape 13.
Challa – Francis Adams
1: Magit Mangai at Daffo, 24 May 1976. Founding of Daffo area, warfare and peace settlement, trade. Adams Tape 1.
2: Maren Machen at Daffo, 24 May 1976. Founding of Daffo, trade, religious functions, dispute settlement. Adams Tape 2.
3: Musa Wàláng at Daffo, 2 June 1976. Founding of Mayi, religious functions, trade. Adams Tape 2 (Side B)
4: Màló Mùkàn at Daffo, 2 June 1976. Founding of Hurum, religious functions, agricultural production, and trade. Adams Tape 3 (Side A).
5: Maren Machen at Daffo. 14 June 1976. Religious leaders and duties, other religious figures, crimes and dispute settlement, slavery and slave trade. Adams Tape 4.
6: Mafwulal Malweshesh at Mbar, 21 June 1976. Origins, settlement patterns, dispute settlement, circumcision, connection with Bokkos. Adams Tapes 4 and 5.
7: Mbwas Maram at Mbar, 21 June 1976. Origins, trade in slaves, palm oil, horses, muturu, salt, and iron items. Adams Tape 5.
8: Diyong Matek at Mbar, 21 June 1976. Origins, agricultural production, trade in iron, salt, palm oil, itili oil, pots, calabashes, local occupations. Adams Tape 5.
9: Mayatg Yayi at Manguna, 30 June 1976. Origins,dispute settlement, leaders, trade. Adams Tape 6.
10: Mangai Fala at Manguna, 30 June 1976. Iron working. Adams Tape 6. See also: Film 1, Photos 1-4. See also 30 June 1976: Samples 1-7
11: Mabas Pwal at Manguna, 30 June 1976. Origins, clans, iron working. Adams Tapes 6 and 7.
12: Tonga Kating at Manguna, 30 June 1976. Material culture and trade, distribution of iron items. Adams Tape 7.
13: Matur Mangwan at Daffo, 8 July 1976. Daffo sections, marriage and brideprice, circumcision, death and burial, membership into Nyorong. Adams Tape 7.
14: Maren Machen at Daffo, 8 July 1976. Religious experts and practices, slavery and slave trade. Adams Tape 8. See also: Photos 1/14-26.
15: Uren Mandash at Daffo, 14 July 1976. Clothing, pregnancy, birth, marriage, women's tasks, ownership of goods, story-telling. Adams Tapes 8 and 9.
16: Uren Mandash (female), 28 July 1976. Cooking, foods, utensils, dance. Adams Tapes 9 and 10.
17: Magit Mangai at Daffo, 4 Aug. 1976. Origins, clans, circumcision, marriage. Adams Tape 10.
1: Mabas Pwal at Manguna, 21 July 1976. Clan organization, iron working. Bwai Tape 1. See also 21 July 1976: Samples 1-6.
2: Malo Maren at Manguna, 21 July 1976. Iron working, mostly mining and smelting phases. Bwai Tape 1.
3: Malo Maren at Manguna, 28 July 1976. Ironworking, especially mining and smelting phases. Bwai Tape 2. See also 28 July 1976: Samples 1-3.
4: Tonga Kating at Manguna, 28 July 1976. Iron working, primarily smithing (informant's father was a smith and informant helped in smithing later in his life). Bwai Tape 2.
Chip – Emmanuel Dabis
1: Daen Yadok at Kwalah-Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Structure of authority, selection of chief and his duties. Dabis Tape 1.
2: J. D. Damang at Kwalah-Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Dispute settlement, succession, festivals, ceremonies, dance. Dabis Tapes 1 and 2.
3: Nangwam Longkam at Kwalah Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Origins of Chip, relations with neighbouring peoples, importance of top-knot (sung), chieftaincy, warfare. Dabis Tape 2.
4: Dasim Taldang at Jepmidiyel-Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Trade with Ngas, Mupun, and Merniyang, slave trade, cowries. Dabis Tapes 2 and 3.
5: Dashe Kopyikhil at Kwalah-Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Origins of Chip, relations with neighbours, warfare, marriage, chieftaincy, dispute settlement. Dabis Tape 3.
6: Dasuhun at Kapil-Chip, 19 Dec. 1975. Agricultural production, seasons, trade, warfare, hunting. Dabis Tapes 3 and 4.
1: Kuklong Longkam at Longkat, 26 June 1976. Origins of Jepnikahal, settlement, agricultural production, iron production and trade; trade in salt and palm oil. Satlong Tape 1.
2: Dagwor Shwarkop at Kopkuleng-Chip, 12 July 1976. Origins, chieftaincy at Piyabor, village head at Kopkuleng, Chip-Ngas relations (including trade), other trade. Satlong Tape 1 (Side B).
3: Tangkop Dashe at Jepmidiyel-Chip, 12 July 1976. Origins; chieftaincy at Piyabor, then Jepnikahal; circumcision; trade in iron, foodstuffs, oil, salt; crafts. Satlong Tape 2 (Side A).
4: Dakup Danan at Bakwar-Chip, 20 July 1976. Origins, wars and weaponry, salt trade, iron trade. Satlong Tape 2.
5: Dakan Dapam at Khidugum-Chip, 20 July 1976. Origins of Khidugum people; trade in salt, slaves, iron; trade with Ngas, Lankan, Merniyang, Jipal; material culture. Satlong Tape 3.
6: Daen Yadok at Kopkuleng-Chip, 27 July 1976. Origins, chieftaincy, trade with neighbouring groups. Satlong Tapes 3 and 4.
7: Tepsim Dyelti at Mhinting-Chip, 27 July 1976. Chieftaincy and related matters, salt trade, warfare, kidnapping. Satlong Tape 4.
8: Dakam Dadiye at Mhinting-Chip, 27 July 1976. Blacksmithing, salt trade. Satlong Tape 4. See also: Photos 1/27-34.
Hausa – Ezekiel Okuboye
1: Alhaji Sarkin Pawa at Naraguta (n. of Jos), 17 July 1975. Settling of Naraguta, local economy, relations with neighbouring groups. Okuboye Tape 1.
2: Alhaji Garba Naraguta at Naraguta, 17 July 1975. Origins of Naraguta settlers. Okuboye tape 1.
3: Garba Mahammadu at Naraguta, 21 July 1975. Origin and occupation of early settlers in Naraguta. Okuboye Tape 1.
4: Alhaji Abubakar, Sarkin Gurum, at Gurum, 26 July 1975. Hausa settlement on the Plateau. Okuboye Tape 1.
5: Alhaji Garba Dan Imamu at Bukuru, 27 July 1975. Hausa settlement of the Plateau. Okuboye Tape 1.
6: Garba Mahammadu, Sarkin Naraguta, at Naraguta, 14 Aug. 1975. Hausa settlement at Naraguta, trade patterns between the Plateau and Bauchi around the turn of the century [ca. 1900]. Okuboye taoe 2.
7: Alhaji Sarkin Pawa, at Naraguta, 15 Aug. 1975. Hausa settlement at Naraguta; trade patterns between the Plateau and Bauchi around the turn of the century [ca. 1900]. Okuboye Tape 2.
8: Bunu (Sarkin Station), Sarki Abubakar (Village Head), Baba Ciroma, and two others who arrived in the middle of the interview, at Tilden Fulani, 28 Aug. 1975.. Tin mining; smelting; slave labour. Okuboye Tape 3.
9: Madaki, Liruen Delma, at Liruen Delma, 6 Sept. 1975. Tin smelting. Okuboye Tape 3.
10: [Baba] Ciroma at Tilden Fulani, 9 Sept. 1975. Tin mining and use of slave labour; exchange of ore with smelters. Okuboye Tape 4
11: Madaki, Liruien Delma, at Liruien Delma, 11 Sept. 1975. Tin smelting processes; distribution of smelted tin; relations with surrounding population. Okuboye Tapes 4 and 5.
1: Gupat Rindum at Mushere, 23 June 1976. Origins, settlement patterns, trade, iron working, dances. Mathew tape 1.
2: Ngukat Remkes at Mushere, 23 June 1976. Iron working and trade, origins, agricultural production. Mathew Tape 1
3: Brengshak Jwan at Mushere, 14 July 1976. Iron working. [No transcript, some notes].
1: Audu Yahaya at Panyam, 4 Sept. 1976. Iron working, collecting iron ore, smelting, and smithing. Anpe Tape 1.
2: Gongci Jwakyes at Lakopal-Panyam, 9 Sept. 1976. Crops, livestock, horses, salt, oil, grass and palm leaf items; importance of ironworking at Panyam; tobacco. Anpe Tape 1.
3: Panle Dirchop at Jwak-Pianiya (Panyam), 16 Sept. 1976. Salt and palm oil trade; iron working, esp. mining and smelting. Anpe Tapes 1 and 2.
4: Panle Dirchop at Jwak-Pianiya (Panyam), 21 Sept. 1976. Iron working, especially mining and smelting. Anpe Tapes 2 and 3.
5: Met Daslong at Chindom-Ampang, 25 Sept. 1976. Iron working, especially mining and smelting; exchange of iron goods. Anpe Tape 3. See also: Film 4, Photos 22-25 and 25 Sept 1976 Artifacts, Samples 1-2.
6: Dakwel Manglek at Kopshu-Ampang, 25 Sept. 1976. Middlemen and trade in salt and oil; ironworking. Anpe Tape 3.
1: Damwesh Rinba at Mangun, 8 June 1976. Founding of Mangun; agricultural production and crops; iron working and iron items. Cishak Tape 1.
2: Ringjwat Miduhur at Yemdung-Mangun, 17 June 1976. Origins of Mangun; trade; iron working. Cishak tapes 1 and 2. See also 17 June 1976: Sample 1.
3: Citwas Diyelkyes Lihit at Lihit-Mangun, 24 June 1976. Origins, agricultural production, ceremonies for producing rain, disputes, ceremonies for ancestors, interrelation with neighbours. Cishak Tape 2.
4: Ringjwat Miduhur at Yemdung-Mangun, 29 June 1976. Origins, Nshu section of Mangun, religious leaders, diviners, ceremony for ancestors, circumcision, marriage. Cishak Tape 3.
5: Cishak Vwambereng at Bilar-Kerang, 7 July 1976. Iron working, esp. mining and smelting. Informant is father of Dakon Cishak. Cishak Tapes 3 and 4. See also: Film 1, Photos 5-13.
6: Dabwan Dawel at Bilar-Kerang, 30 July 1976. Settlement patterns, relations with neighbouring groups, warfare, trade in items like salt, oil, iron; meaning of Mwahavul. Cishak Tape 4.
7: Ringjwat Miduhur at Mangun, 6 Sept. 1976. Types of iron items and blacksmithing. Cishak Tape 5. See also: Film 2, Photo 24.
8: Ringjwat Miduhur and Dabet Fut at Mangun, 20 Sept. 1976. No transcript. See related Photos 4/2-14 and 5/26. See also 20 Sept. 1976 Artifacts, Samples 1-11.
9: Bahwet Bilang at Yemdung-Mangun, 27 Sept. 1976. No transcript. See also: Photos 5/26-38 and 6/1-2.
1: Panle Dirchop at Jwak-Pianiya (Panyam), 9 Oct.1976. Origins, relations with neighbouring groups, smiths. Kumben Tape 1.
2: Dabel Dasan at Kombun, 14 Oct. 1976. Mining, smelting and distribution of iron goods. Kumben Tape 1.
3: Bwan Dushu at Kombun, 18 Oct. 1976. Mining and smelting. Kumben Tape 1. See related Photos 8/31-35. See also 18 Oct. 1976, Samples 1-27.
4: Tokgal Makmang at Lamor, 26 Oct. 1976. Blacksmithing. Kumben Tapes 1 and 2.
5: Shaibu Dashal at Kombun, 30 Oct. 1976. Blacksmithing. Kumben Tape 2.
6. Gol Guzan at Bilad-Vodni, 8 Nov. 1976. Mining and smelting. Kumben Tape 2. See also: Photos 9/8-15.
7: Tokgal Makmang at Lamor, 15 Nov. 1976. Blacksmithing. Kumben Tape 2.
1: Met Daslong at Ampang-West, 23 Dec. 1975. Iron working, salt trade. Mangvwat Tape 1.
Mwahavul/Sura – Stephen Niyang
1: Niyang Glongshik at Vodni, 28 May 1976. Origins of Vodni people, chieftaincy, dispute settlement, iron working, trade. Niyang Tape 1. See also 28 May 1976: Samples 1-7.
2: Tokgol Makmang at Lamor (5 km. north of Vodni), 28 May 1976. Iron working, primarily mining. Niyang Tape 1.
3: Yusufu Dakahap at Sabon Kerang, 29 May 1976. Origins of Kerang people, chieftaincy, dispute settlement, ceremonies and festivals, iron working, trade. Niyang Tape 2.
4: Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 2 Aug. 1976. Iron working, esp. mining and smelting. Niyang Tape 2. See also: Photos 1/35-38 and 2/1-5.
5: Tokgol Makmang at Lamor, 11 Oct. 1976. Smelting (later stages) and smithing. Niyang Tape 3.
6: Niyang Glongshik at Vodni, 11 Oct. 1976. Follow-up questions on smelting and smithing. Niyang Tape 3. See related Photos 8/25-30 and 9/16-20. See also 11 Oct 1976 Artifacts, Samples 1-24.
Ngas – Anthony Dimlong
1: Wakdok Polit at Vel-Pangchen (Pankshin), 8 July 1975. Blacksmithing and trading of iron products. Dimlong Tape 1.
2: Polit Kikop at Vel-Pankshin, 9 July 1975. Blacksmithing in Ngas area and trading of iron products. Dimlong Tape 1.
3: Nendir Dafol Midim at Kor-Pankshin, 14 July 1975. Blacksmithing in Nga area and trading of iron goods. Dimlong Tape 1.
4: Chinji Jimin at Jimin-Wokkos District, 15 July 1975. Methods and processes of iron mining in Ngas area, esp. Wokkos area. Dimlong Tape 2.
5: Gokum Gosep at Jimin-Wokkos District, 15 July 1975. Iron smelting in the Ngas area and how finished products were distributed. Dimlong Tapes 2 and 3.
6: Suji Longshik at Wokkos, 16 July 1975. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron products. Dimlong Tape 3.
7: Sonjiyat Longshikka at Gille-Wokkos, 22 July 1975. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron products. Dimlong Tapes 3and 4.
8: Chorka Bwirkop at Gille-Wokkos, 22 July 1975. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron products. Dimlong Tape 4.
9: Yongkukka Majinga Kapor at Kapor-Mulok-Panghcen, 22 Aug. 1975. Iron smelting, smithing, and distribution of iron goods. Dimlong Tapes 4 and 5.
10: Ranshak Kirdyia at Cwill-Mulok (Pankshin Dist.), 22 Aug. 1975. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron goods. Dimlong Tape 5.
11: Sedima Kishakka at Chor-Ner Pangchen, 2 Sept. 1975. Iron mining, smelting, and trading of iron goods. Dimlong Tapes 6 and 7.
12: Goldima Gotom at Ner Pangchen Palace, 16 Sept. 1975. Iron mining,smelting, smithing, distribution of iron goods; origins (history) of the Ngas people. Dimlong Tape 8.
13: Gakwatshik Ned-Jos at Ner Pangchen Palace, 17 Sept. 1975. Origins (history) of Ngas people; iron mining, smelting, smithing and distribution of iron goods. Dimlong Tape 9.
14: Koptam Dechi at Amper, 20 Sept. 1975. Ngas origins, chieftaincy, religion, trade. Dimlong Tapes 10 and 11.
15: Gonding Tongchin at Amper, 20 Sept. 1975. Ngas origins and pre-colonial trade in Ngas area. Dimlong Tapes 11 and 12.
16: Gowong Dimka at Kabwir, 22 Sept. 1975. Origins, migrations, chieftaincy, trade. Dimlong Tapes 12 and 13.
17: Gotan Hakime at Kabwir, 22 Sept. 1975. Origins, religion, chieftaincy, trade. Dimlong Tape 13.
18: Balar Kurama at Dawaki (Pwel), 22 Sept. 1975. Origins of Ngas and pre-colonial trade. Dimlong Tape 13.
19: Gombwir Goyer at Lugwa-Pwel (Dawaki), 22 Sept. 1975. Origins of Ngas and pre-colonial trade. Not transcribed. Dimlong Tapes 13 and 14.
20: Yonkukka Majinga at Kapor-Pangchen, 16 Dec. 1975. Iron working. Dimlong Tape 15.
21: Yongkukka Majinga, et al atKapor-Pangchen, 20 Dec. 1975. Hunting, fishing, problems of reviving iron smelting. Dimlong Tape 15.
22: Diga Goshit, et al at Cwill, 23 Dec. 1975. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron goods. Dimlong Tape 16.
23: Yilwuk'a Yiljur at Cwill, 23 Dec. 1975. Blacksmithing. Dimlong Tape 16.
24: Yongkukka Majinga at Kapor, 18 Sept. 1976. Blacksmithing and distribution of iron goods. Dimlong Tape 17. See also: Photos 2/25-38 3/ 1-21. See also: 18 Sept. 1976 Artifacts, Samples 1-12.
1: Ali Roko, Habu Ajiya, and Umaru Samba at Kasuwan Ali, 18 Dec. 1975.
2: Gaya Musa and Juwan Mangai at Gindiri, 18 Dec. 1975. Economic organization, trade, settlement of disputes. Iliya Tape 1.
3: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kasuwan Ali, 9 Feb. 1976. Iron working, mat making, slavery. Iliya Tape 2.
4: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kasuwan Ali, 1 Mar. 1976. Occupations and crafts. Iliya Tape 3.
5: Ali Roko and Jeltu Basambo at Kasuwan Ali, 25 Mar. 1976. Chieftaincy, disputes, relations with Bauchi, Kwanka neighbours. Iliya Tape 4.
6: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 6 Apr. 1976. Iron and slave trade. Iliya Tape 5.
7: Kaktu Sodan at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 13 Apr. 1976. Mat production, trade with neighbouring peoples. Iliya Tape 6.
8: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 28 Apr. 1976. Clan affiliations, inter-ethnic settlement, systems of weights and measures, trade in iron items. Iliya Tape 7.
9: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 4 May 1976. Slavery and slave trade. Iliya Tape 8.
10: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 15 May 1976. Mat production, epidemics and other natural disasters, trade languages, slavery and slave trade – mostly Fulani. Iliya Tape 9.
11: Kemu Jer at Chanso, 20 May 1976. Founding of Chanso, trade in salt, kanwa, iron, oil, mats, chieftaincy, Bauchi, warfare, hunting. Iliya Tape 10 (side A).
12: Kaktu Sodan at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 14 June 1976. Mats, trade with Ron, Hausa, and Kwanka, types of oil, salt, kanwa, dogs. Iliya Tape 10.
13: Habu Ajiya Mangai at Kwer Goro (near Gindiri), 26 June 1976. Chieftaincy, tribute, ungwa, Sura and iron items, trade and war with Sura, other relations with Sura. Iliya Tape 11.
14: Kaktu Sodan at Kwer-Goro (near Gindiri), 18 July 1976. Occupations and crafts. Iliya Tape 12.
1: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 16 Feb. 1976. Trade, salt, horses, mats, settlement, agricultural production. Umaru Tape 1.
2: Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 2 Mar. 1976. Origins, migrations, marriage patterns, relatives and kin, authority patterns, disputes, iron items. Umaru Tape 2.
3: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 10 Mar. 1976. Iron items, smithing, bee-keeping, domestic animals, dyes for mats. Umaru Tapes 2 and 3.
4: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 22 Mar. 1976. Relations with Bauchi, Pyem settlers in non-Pyem areas, inter-group marriage, Kwanka smiths, inheritance, chieftancy, clans. Umaru Tapes 3 and 4.
5: Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 29 Mar. 1976. Religious officials, festivals, chieftaincy, clans. Umaru Tapes 4 and 5.
6: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 5 Apr. 1976. Relations with Bauchi, Kwanka blacksmiths in Gindiri. Umaru Tapes 5 and 6.
7: Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 1 May 1976. Religious officials and their duties; settlement of disputes. Umaru Tapes 6 and 7.
8: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 8 May 1976. Trade in slaves, mats, local raincoats, dogs, and grain, types of mats, poisons, relations with the Fulani. Umaru Tapes 7 and 8.
9: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 10 May 1976. Slavery and the slave trade, including Fulani rinji. Umaru Tapes 8 and 9.
10: Ahmadu Zelkat at Langai, 18 May 1976. Trade, iron working, founding of Langai, relations with Bauchi, chieftaincy. Umaru Tapes 9 and 10. See also 18 May 1976:Sample 1.
11: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 26 May 1976. Clan activities, intra-Pyem exchange, cooperative activities. Umaru Tapes 10 and 11.
12: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 2 June 1976. Trade with Fulani, kanwa, settlement patterns, compound organization, raids, clan activities, circumcision. Umaru Tape 11.
13: Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 3 June 1976. Circumcision, leadership at Gindiri and Pyemgiji, ownership and inheritance. Umaru Tape 12.
14: Sangmi Yakse at Bakin Kogi (Gesin village, about one mile north of Gindiri), 15 June 1976. Founding of Bakin Kogi, Gertem people, trade, officials, dispute settlement, circumcision procedures, slavery. Umaru Tapes 13 and 14.
15: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 26 June 1976. Relations with Fulani, compound organization, house building, founding of Mangu, Gertem people. Umaru Tape 14.
16-18 listed under Rumada – Usman Umaru
19: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 17 Oct. 1976. Pyem people's source of iron goods. Umaru Tape 17.
20: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 19 Oct. 1976. Mats and various types of oil; production and trade. Umaru Tape 18.
21: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 6 Nov. 1976. Trade organization, esp. of informant's father's father. Umaru Tape 19.
22: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 7 Nov. 1976. Kwanka blacksmiths, iron trade with neighbours of Pyem. Umaru Tape 20.
23: Yarima Pate at Gindiri, 27 Nov. 1976. Trade organization. Umaru Tape 21.
24: Salihu Wallah at Gindiri, 27 Nov. 1976. Trade in iron with Kantana, Kwanka, and Ron; traders. Umaru Tape 22.
Rumada (Hausa language) – Usman Umaru
16: Maji Mohammadu at Rinijin Butu (ca. 3 miles north of Gindiri), 22 July 1976. Origins, settlement organization, relations with Bauchi and Gindiri, Rumada-Fulani relations, agricultural production, trade, smithing. Umaru Tape 15.
17: Jibir Yari (Baka) at Rinjin Butu, 26 July 1976. Political structure; relation of Rumada and Fulani; trade in items like salt, kanwa, meat; agricultural production. Umaru Tape 15.
18: Jibir Yari (Baka) at Rinjin Butu, 13 Aug. 1976. Econom ic organization and trade at Rinjin Butu. Umaru Tape 16.
Birom, [prob. near Gindin Akwati] circa 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photos 1-2: River, flooding
Film 0, Photos 1-2: River, flooding
Birom, at Nar, near Gindin Akwati 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photo 4: Furnace, with clay lining
Film 0, Photos 5-6: Same.
Film 0, Photo 7: Background – terrain, about 100 yards from nearest settlement.
Film 0, Photo 8: Smelting hole/furnace – walls about 5" thick. At least six of these furnaces within 10 yards of each other.
Birom, at Gindi Akwati – Exlands 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photos 12-13: Clay figure, at house of Gombe Mangut, owner of the figure, inherited from his grandpartents.
Film 0, Photo 14: Pot (kakarang), the neck of which put over hole of the furnace.
Film 0, Photo 15: close-up of decoration on same pot
Film 0, Photo 15: close-up of decoration on same pot
Birom, at Kuzen, workshop of Mangai Mahwet 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photo 17: Skins bellows, firewall, tuyeres, and hearth.
Film 0, Photo 18: Closeup of same.
Film 0, Photo 19: Rock anvil and smithing tools (hammer, tongs, file, chisel) used today; anvil same as before modern tools.
Birom, [at Kuzen?] circa 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photo 20: Smelting furnaces. Jonah Madugu holding tape measure.
Film 0, Photo 21: Smelting site, five furnaces in all.
Film 0, Photo 22: Inside of furnace.
Film 0, Photo 23: Side shot of furnace, showing height.
Film 0, Photo 24: Piece of wall, with pieces of slag adhering to inside of wall at bottom of picture; walls about 5-6" thick (for the two layers).
Film 0, Photo 25: Ground level hole (furnace wall eroded), showing two layers of wall. This wall thinner – about 1" per layer. These holes used by inhabitants of the village over the hill, maybe 200 yards away.
Birom, at Kurra Birom 1975 August 18
Film 0, Photos 26-27: Sambo Hwei.
Film 0, Photo 28: Basket of 'acha' (hungry rice) on left; basket of 'uprap' (grain?) on right.
Film 0, Photo 29: container for salt (gyem), about 9" long and 5 ¾" wide, which was given to the smith. Salt was rougher, in chunks.
Film 0, Photo 30: Basket (kokomo), 21" diameter, 65" circumference, 12" high, for ore, maize, etc.
Film 0, Photo 31: Knife for grain (ukwot) on left; knife for meat (iston) on right. These were made from European iron.
Film 0, Photo 32: Leg greave (atsarak), about 7" high, also of European iron.
Film 0, Photo 33: Sword (wall), usually fixed in wooden scabbard, covered with a goat skin, likewise made of European iron.
Film 0, Photo 34: Bit for horse (note barbs on underside), this of locally smelted iron. Age unknown, as old as the old man himself, so he said – possibly late 19c to early 20c.
Film 0, Photo 35: 'Nanarang', armlet (similar to manila currency), worn on wrist by women, and forearm, by elbow, by men. [Similar in style to those of Sura/Mwahavul?].
Challa, at Manguna (near Daffo) 1976 June 30
Film 1, Photo 1: Three spears made from local (smelted) iron. Informant, Mangai Fala, made the two spears (not the flat-edged one) before he grew a beard. The flat-edged one is older and he doesn't know who made it.
Film 1, Photo 2: Same as Photo 1.
Film 1, Photo 3: Heads of same spears.
Film 1, Photo 4: Two tons and a chisel, the blacksmithing tools of the informant, Mangai Fala.
Mwahavul, at Kerang 1976 July 7
Film 1, Photo 5: "Sheng" – a type of net used by women
Film 1, Photo 6: Smaller "sheng "– a type of net used as women's handbag.
Film 1, Photo 7: "Tip" – bag for grain.
Film 1, Photo 8: "Kichik" – basket for iron ore, etc. (various sizes).
Film 1, Photo 9: "Chan" – hoe, made from more recent European iron.
Film 1, Photo 10: Same as Photo 9.
Film 1, Photo 11: "Sep" – axe for cutting wood/logs, made from smelted iron.
Film 1, Photo 12: Spears, made from local smelted iron. The right one was made at Kerang, and the left from Mangun. The Kerang one has no barbs ("hos"), while the Mangun one with barbs, is called "yer".
Film 1, Photo 13: Close-up of same spear heads.
Challa, at Daffo 1976 July 8
Film 1, Photo 14: "Shir mburai", medicine for divination.
Film 1, Photo 15: Medicine, pounded into powder.
Film 1, Photo 16: Spreading same around mat.
Film 1, Photo 17: Shaking the powder on tree/bush, then shaking bush until small spider fell on it – this called "U".
Film 1, Photo 18: "Zarash" – leg greaves of smelted iron, from Manguna, bought by the informant when he was married and a young man.
Film 1, Photo 19: "Shitam mapuri" – horse bits from Manguna, made of smelted iron, more than 20 years old.
Film 1, Photo 20: "Ndu" – gourd for measuring and carrying oil.
Film 1, Photo 21: Two spears.
Film 1, Photo 22: Close-up of same. One spear head with barbs (uging), of local iron from Manguna, more than 20 years old, with handle of same length. The other spear head without barbs, also of smelted iron from Manguna, more than 20 years old.
Film 1, Photo 23: New type of hoe (shita) of modern iron, made by Daffo blacksmiths.
Film 1, Photo 24: Hoe of local iron (shita marangul) from Manguna, more than 20 years old.
Film 1, Photo 25: Same as Photo 24.
Film 1, Photo 26: "Gwir" – drum for Wur and Nyrong mats and circumcision and death of official member [?] – all at Maren Machen's house and property of Maren Machen.
Chip 1976 July 27
Film 1, Photo 27: Two hoes, new, but same design as before.
Film 1, Photo 28: "Shahal Shi" for dancing.
Film 1, Photo 29: "Songval" (on left), with two barbs on same side.
Film 1, Photo 30: "Akahas Yakar" (on right), with two barbs on alternate sides. Both of these are arrows. Now made in Chip, but of Ngas type.
Film 1, Photo 31: Spear (song akahas) of Ngas type.
Film 1, Photo 32: same as Photo 31.
Film 1, Photo 33: Axe (sep) of Ngas type.
Film 1, Photo 34: Knife (Shuk Bwon) of Ngas type, but now made in Chip, with wooden handle and hairy skin sheath. This type recent.
Mwahavul, at Lamor (near Vodni) 1976 August 2
Film 1, Photo 35: Hammer (pron. sigep; tongs (giyap) – both out of local iron and belonged to informant's father at one time.
Film 1, Photo 36: Arrows (pas), one-barbed type is called "Song min dong" and three-barbed type is called "song kun". Made by the informant but out of European iron, eight years old.
Film 1, Photo 37: Same as Photo 36.
Film 1, Photo 38: Large hoe (ngang) – this type with ribs, made out of local iron by informant's father.
Film 2, Photo 1: Spear (kop) with metal handle to balance – this type called "riyep kop" (girl spear). The iron shaft part of the spear is called "shahal ter kop" which roughly translates, I think, as iron part of the spear.
Film 2, Photo 2: Leg greave (z?ré or zere) – father of the informant made these after his (informant's) birth; father also was smith at Wuhamp.
Film 2, Photo 3: Knife (chuk) – this type called "kip", worn at the waist with groove.
Film 2, Photo 4: Digger/adze (gujigr or similar spelling) – this made from European type metal.
Film 2, Photo 5: Clouds coming in over the hills, just of Birnin Ladi.
Mwahavul/Ngas 1976 September 6
Film 2, Photo 24: Kerang Hill (volcano) and Pankshin hills, looking north, with storm moving in.
Ngas, at Cwill-Kapor 1976 September 18
Film 2, Photo 25: the Itili tree (pet) from which oil, fruit, and charcoal all were made/extracted, near Pankshin.
Film 2, Photo 26: "Sur" tree, for best quality charcoal and roofing.
Film 2, Photo 27: Locust bean – in Pankshin more itili than locust bean, but vice versa when descending to the plains.
Film 2, Photo 28: Type of pot put on furnace; about two feet high, hole is about one foot in diameter, circumference at the widest spot was 5"2".
Film 2, Photo 29: Charcoal on inside of pot.
Film 2, Photo 30: Slag heaps with potsherds. Now used for terracing, late millet planted. Probably the site for the recent smelting for BPTV.
Film 2, Photo 31: Same as Photo 30.
Film 2, Photo 32: Cylinder (tuyere probably) or the part for inside the furnace. Inside diameter about 4 ½".
Film 2, Photo 33: Site of many tuyeres.
Film 2, Photo 34: Left tuyere 5 ½" hole; right 5"; each about 10" long.
Film 2, Photo 35: tuyeres, also at Cwill-Kapor; there must be at least ten altogether her, piled in one spot.
Film 2, Photo 36: Same as Photo 35.
Film 2, Photo 37: Possible covered furnaces, built against stone walls for terracing on hill side; hole dug below surface apparently, so still might be in good shape.
Film 3, Photo 1: Iron ore (kurti) and grinding stones, different sizes, smaller ones for children.
Film 3, Photo 2: Same as Photo 1.
Film 3, Photo 3: Same as Photo 1.
Film 3, Photo 4. Compound and hills by Kapor, facing towards Wokkos.
Film 3, Photo 5: More "sur" trees, cut regularly for firewood; not that this is a quite heavily wooded area, even today (note proximity of wood and smelting sites re location theory).
Film 3, Photo 6: At compound of Yongkukka Majinga at Kapor. Spear.
Film 3, Photo 7: Same as Photo 4.
Film 3, Photo 8: Arrows – barbs on each side (3-0; 3-3; 2-0).
Film 3, Photo 9: Same as Photo 8, but closeup.
Film 3, Photo 10: Hoe (nang).
Film 3, Photo 11: Large hoe-shaped iron (chenkom), from bottom to tip 2'8 ½" and about 2' across.
Film 3, Photo 12: Bracelets and arm bands, some smooth and some twisted.
Film 3, Photo 13: Same as Photo 10.
Film 3, Photo 14: Hammer (sup).
Film 3, Photo 15: "Kamwus".
Film 3, Photo 16: Tongs (gwop).
Film 3, Photo 17: Broken sickle (jim).
Film 3, Photo 18: Strips of cloth (bat) made at Kapor.
Film 3, Photo 19: Quiver.
Film 3, Photo 20: Closeup of rocks [?].
Film 3, Photo 21: Same rocks.
Film 3, Photo 23: Entry to compound of Dan Zamo
Film 3, Photo 24: Inside compound of Dan Zamo, mat strips drying.
Film 3, Photo 25: Compound, inside compound.
Film 3, Photo 26: Granaries (same compound).
Film 3, Photo 27: Collapsed room, same compound.
Film 3, Photo 28: Grinding stones.
Film 3, Photo 29: Pot and fireplace.
Film 3, Photo 30: Table and pot.
Film 3, Photo 31: Pot (yila bofo) for cooking meat and to give to spirit.
Film 3, Photo 32: Same.
Film 3, Photo 33: Ritual pot (zang bafash), e.g. pot with two mouths.
Film 3, Photo 34: Man cleaning/trimming mat strip.
Film 3, Photo 35: Drum (ritual) in zaure, same compound.
Film 3, Photo 36: Mosque at Chemso.
Film 3, Photo 37: Lamuna, near Chemso – hoe, about 4' long.
Film 3, Photo 38: Ajia Musa Yilmut, cutting grass for mats.
Film 4, Photo 1: Wife of Ajia, preparing tuwo (Hausa term for a kind of thick dough or porridge).
Mwahavul, at Mongun 1976 September 20
Film 4, Photo 2: Furnace, approx. one mile s. of present Mangun, just off the path to Yemdung. 2'5" diameter, with 3-4" walls, depth unclear, partially filled.
Film 4, Photo 3: Hillside.
Film 4, Photo 4: Furnace #2. 2'5" wide and 3" deep, partially filled though.
Film 4, Photo 5: Hillside of furnace.
Film 4, Photo 6: Tuyere entering furnace, 6" wide.
Film 4, Photo 7: Furnace.
Film 4, Photo 8: Clay section put as wall over furnace.
Film 4, Photo 9: At R. Miduhur's compound. The "zuk wus" (sitting place for meetings and evenings – "wus" is fire, so fire place); cloth stip in background. See also: Film 3, Photo 18 for another cloth strip.
Film 4, Photo 10: "Shahal" (iron bloom, with smelted iron, slag, and charcoal adhering) from furnace – not the whole piece. Film 4, Photo 11: Close-up of same.
Film 4, Photo 12: "Gyrik" 5 ½ in. wide and about ¼ in. thick.
Film 4, Photo 13: Large hoe-shaped iron.
Film 4, Photo 14: [Grinding holes?].
Film 4, Photo 15: Arrow, 1'11 ½". Accession No. 56/59.
Film 4, Photo 16: [Spear head?], 10 ¾" long and 2" wide. Acc. No. 63/J6.
Film 4, Photo 17: Two knives with handles. (1) 8" blade, tip-to-handle and 11 ½ " with handle, (2) 7 ¾ blade tip-to-handle and 11 ¼" with handle. Acc. No. 62J.49.1.
Film 4, Photo 18: Two leg greaves/spurs. Left: 11 ¼" circumf. top and 17" circumf. bottom. 7 ¾" long, with 1 ¾ " spurs (5 spurs) tied with rawhide; [soldered?] in back to attach to the greave, looks like brass – must be more recent. Right: 11 ¼" circumf. top and 17" bottom. 7 ¾" long, with 1 ¾" spurs. 5 spurs with rawhide. Acc. No. 58/16/4.
Film 4, Photo 19: Leg greaves. Acc. No. 63J5.
Film 4, Photo 20: Closeup.
Film 4, Photo 21: Closeup. Right: rusted. 17" top and 11" bottom. 8 ¼ " long with 2" spurs (6 spurs attached with flat piece of metal bent over in back to attach. Left: polished by Museum. Note the rivet-like bits on the back near the slit at the top. 8 ¼ " long, with 2" spurs (7 spurs). Not brass or copper accretion (later?) and from the attachment to the greaves, looks as though they are nails.
Mwahavul, at Chendom, Ampang West 1976 September 25
Film 4, Photo 22: Leg greaves (zere) from the Challa people, maybe 1940s.
Film 4, Photo 23: Spear (pang) at Ampang, Chendom Dashuwar, early 20c.
Film 4, Photo 24: Arm ring (kim) made at Chendom, early 20c. Women wore them from the wrist to the elbow and men from the elbow up.
Film 4, Photo 25: Hoe made at Chendom – existed when a small boy (who was? Met Daslong?). "Ears" to hold the soil, called "kom", hence "chan kom" (same as Ngas).
[untitled] circa 1976 September 26
Film 4, Photos 26-30: Vom area, where Tambo family lived, at St. Joseph's College, during research period.
Film 4, Photo 31: Hoe. Acc. No. 58/16/24.
Film 4, Photos 32-33: Same hoe - closeup.
Film 4, Photo 34: Hoe. Acc. No. 57-95.
Film 4, Photo 35: Same hoe – closeup.
Film 4, Photo 36: Hoe. Acc. No. 62J.19.3.
Film 4, Photos 37-38: Same hoe – closeup.
Film 5, Photo 1: Hoe. Acc. No. 58.16.23.
Film 5, Photos 2-4: Same.
Film 5, Photo 5: New spear. Angas. Acc. No. 59.6.29.
Film 5, Photo 6. Same.
Film 5, Photo 7: Axe (sep). Acc. No. 62J.19.2.
Film 5, Photo 8: Sword (wal). The 'pamp' are brass discs. Acc. No. 54.6.2.
Film 5, Photos 9-11: Same.
Film 5, Photo 12: Leg greaves. Acc. No.54.6.4.
Film 5, Photos 13-14. Sword. Sura (Mwahavul). Acc. No. 58.16.10.
Film 5, Photo 15: Sword/knife from Ropp. Rawhide over handle – woven/knotted. Acc. No. 58.81.2.
Film 5, Photo 16: Large tongs. One arm longer. Rivet-like part to attach the two (newer type?). Acc No. 58.80.3.
Film 5, Photo 17: Short tongs, made at Zawan. Rivet to hold together. Note curled ends at handle. Incised decorations. Acc. No. 58.80.2.
Film 5, Photo 18. Spear. 6 barbs. End is broken where attached to handle. Acc. No. 63J.7.
Film 5, Photos 19-20: Pipe. Acc. No. 58.81.1.
Film 5, Photo 21: Pipe cleaner. Bronze rings, copper wire wound around. Note cartridge at top. Obviously fairly recent.
Film 5, Photo 22: Wooden and iron spurs (tied around leg). 9 spurs, apparently fixed into holes, tied together with rawhide. Acc. No. 58.77.1.
Film 5, Photos 23-24: Bridle. Forum. Acc. No. 58.76.7.
Film 5, Photo 25: Bridle. Acc. No. 58.77.2.
Mwahavul, at Yemdung, Mangun 1976 September 27
Film 5, Photo 26: at at Ringjwat Miduhur's compound. Foreground is meeting place and top background areas is for drying grain.
Film 5, Photo 27: Smiths' workshop at Yemdung. – open air construction to dissipate heat from the process.
Film 5, Photo 28: Same.
Film 5, Photo 29: Tuyeres (three of them) – note groove near mouth, for tying on the skin. 3'1" tip-to-end, 8" outside circumf. and about 6 ½ " inside circumf. at large end and 1 ½" circumf. at small end.
Film 5, Photo 30: Tuyeres, with attachment to fire (piyak?).
Film 5, Photo 31: Bellows sticks, 3 ½ to 4 ft. long. Note knob on one end for tying skin (diagram on typed list).
Film 5, Photo 32: Tuyeres and hearth. Hearth is aabout 2 ft. x 3 ft. and 1 ft. deep.
Film 5, Photo 33: Tying skins on sticks.
Film 5, Photo 34: Tying skins to tuyeres.
Film 5, Photo 35: Charcoal in calabash.
Film 5, Photo 36: Bellows fixed.
Film 5, Photo 37: Smith and bellowers in position.
Film 5, Photo 38: Bellowers.
Film 6, Photo 1: Hammer.
Film 6, Photo 2: Tongs.
Mwahavul at Panyam circa 1976 September 28 - 1976 September 29
Film 6, Photo 3: Smith's workshop in Panyam.
Film 6, Photo 4: Smith's workshop – these are Hausa-style bellows and setup; old type workshop no longer in use at Panyam. In general, more Hausa influence in Panyam.
Film 6, Photo 5: Smith's workshop.
Film 6, Photo 6: Smith's workshop.
Film 6, Photo 7: Horse bell. Acc. No. 59.14.6.
Film 6, Photo 8: Same horse bell.
Film 6, Photo 9: Spoon, from iron smelted at Mangun by Sura (Mwahavul). Acc. No. 56.57.1.
Film 6, Photo 10: Small hoe. Acc. No. 59.13.4.
Film 6, Photo 11: Archer's thumb ring, leather charm severed. Birom. Acc. No. 65J.105.
Film 6, Photo 12: Spears. Right (Acc. No. 65J.117.1) 14 barbs on each side. Left (Acc. No. 65J.117.3) 12 or 13 barbs on each side near tip; note 6 rings of iron, purpose apparently to provide balance for throwing.
Film 6, Photo 13: Same.
Film 6, Photo 14: Hammer. Acc. No. 60J.109.2.
Film 6, Photo 15: Hammer. Acc. No. 58.81.6.
Film 6, Photo 16: Iron currency disc, 'tyere' in Birom, or 'unfinished hoe'. Approx. 30 equal one wife. Value one pound or one sheep. From Korot, made by Don. Acc. No. 63J.239.
Film 6, Photo 17: Stirrups. Acc. No. 60J.157.1.
Film 6, Photo 18: Same. Note riveted sections. All one piece but overlay with decoration riveted on.
Film 6, Photo 19: Knife. Birom. Note holes as decoration in the blade. Acc. No. 58.81.9.
Film 6, Photo 20: Same. Shows how blade and handle are one piece and hilt is another piece.
Film 6, Photo 21: Knife and wooden handle. Blade with some sort of writing or figures on blade, similar to 58.81.9. Acc. No. 58.92.6.
Film 6, Photo 22: same knife.
Trip to Abuja circa 1976 October 1
Film 6, Photo 23 – waterfalls off road going south from Jos.
Mwahavul, at Per, near Vodni 1976 October 11
Film 8, Photo 25: Site of mining, apparently in seams; mined ravines which seem to be overgrown today. S. Niyang notes several hills all in a lone, with this whitish rock, in small pieces, predominating. At least two of the hills mine for iron ore (see Int. 1 with Niyang Glongshik).
Film 8, Photo 26: Per Hill from s.e. side; most holes evident today are on the n.e. side, maybe 1/3 to ½ way up.
Mwahavul, at Vodni, Jwak Gumpal 1976 October 11
Film 8, Photo 27: Furnace site.
Film 8, Photo 28: Furnace #1, at base of hill; hole about 2 ft. wide, wall about 3in. thick, not very much slag evident.
Film 8, Photo 29: Furnace #2, about 100 yds. Away, almost obliterated, but about 2 ft. in diameter.
Film 8, Photo 30: Rocks behind, to support wall.
Mwahavul, at Kombun 1976 October 18
Film 8, Photo 31: Hole at Kombun. Deri site for mining. Kwakas Wuriya. About 3 ft. x 7 ft. hole, perhaps 2-3 ft. deep.
Film 8, Photo 32: Site of hills 1 and 2. 1 is Kwakas Wuriya and 2 is Kwakas Buhol.
Film 8, Photo 33: Fulani on trek south to Gboko.
Film 8, Photo 34: Same.
Film 8, Photo 35: Furnace site 3 – in the midst of a guinea corn field, so slag is spread all over and broken into small pieces.
Trip to south edge of the Plateau circa 1976 November 1
Film 8, Photo 36: Shirley Tambo on stone causeway near Ambar, south of Richa.
Film 8, Photo 37: Same stone causeway.
Film 9, Photo 1: Same stone causeway.
Film 9, Photo 2: Shirley Tambo and British volunteers, near Kamwai, looking south onto the plains.
Film 9, Photos 3-5: Near Kamwai, looking south onto plains.
Film 9, Photo 6: Bicycling down water-covered road.
Film 9, Photo 7: Storm in the distance?
Mwahavul, at Vodni, compound of Gol Guzan 1976 November 8
Film 9, Photo 8: Old style bellows, three used at a time. The cone (putukhul) is broken; maybe 7" longer if it wasn't.
Film 9, Photo 9: Closeup of bellows.
Film 9, Photo 10: Informant and bellows (7" diameter).
Film 9, Photo 11: Bellows, wooden end normally covered with mud.
Film 9, Photo 12; Inside of bellows. Sketch diagram with dimensions of bellows, included with list.
Film 9, Photo 13: Smelting site, used by Shikmi and Kahlip (separate families – not related? Same compounds. Farming altered the site).
Film 9, Photo 14: Smelting site.
Film 9, Photo 15: Part of Vodni. Hills in distance are original site of Vodni.
Mwahavul, at Vodni, compound of Nigyang Glongshik 1976 November 8
Film 9, Photo 16: 'Ndol' for dancing.
Film 9, Photo 17: 'Zere' (leg greave) belonging to Jorto. Probably older than other objects. Jorto not sure who made it; perhaps father of Fwangkat.
Mwahavul, at Vodni 1976 November 8
Film 9, Photo 19: same furnace, interior view.
Film 9, Photo 20: same furnace, different view.
Film 10, Photo 18: Iron plate, about 6 ½" x 4 ½" x about ¼" thick, irregular shape but mostly regular thickness, perhaps a bit thicker in middle. 650g. Acquired 2 Nov. 1976 by Dr. Njoku. Origin: Birom, from Forom. Not yet cataloged.
Film 10, Photo 19: Sword and scabbard. Acquired July 29,1976. Origin: Birom, from Du village. No. 763.21.4.
Film 10, Photo 20: Another view of same sword and scabbard.
Film 10, Photo 21: Sword, without scabbard. Length 1'11".
Film 10, Photo 22: Sword (iwal) and scabbard. Length 2' 1 ½", blade 2" wide. 59.80.2
Film 10, Photo 23: Closeup of handle of same sword and scabbard.
Film 10, Photos 24-27: Missing.
Film 10, Photo 28: Spur (tariya), made by Norkurunu ca. 40 years ago (so maybe mid 1930s). "Nkas" (Ngas?). 63J.162.3.
Film 10, Photo 29: Spurs. 8" long and 3 ½" wide. Acquired from Pam Gwon. Origin: Birom, from Forom. Est. to be ca. 121 years old (which would be around 1850s – very early). 50.80.9.
Film 10, Photo 30: Spurs (zawan). 7 ½" long and 4" wide. 63J.151.1 and 63J.151.2.
Film 10, Photo 31: Iron rattle for dancing. 1'11" long and 2 ¼" wide. Acquired 29 Oct. 1976 by Dr. Njoku. Origin: Birom, from Forom. Cat. No. T.E.4.
Film 10, Photo 32: Bracelet (kupiring) worn by women. Outer diameter 4" x ½" thick. Origin: Birom. Est. to be 131 years old (which would be around 1840s – very early). 59/70/5.
Printed Materials
Dissertations
de Barros, Philip Lynton. "The Bassar: Large Scale Iron Producers of the West African Savanna." UCLA, 1985.
Childs, Susan Terry. "Style in Technology: A View of African Early Age Iron Smelting through Its Refractory Ceramics." Vols. I and II. Boston University, 1986.
Conant, Francis Paine. "Dodo of Dass: A Study of a Pagan Religion in Northern Nigeria." Columbia University, 1960.
Goucher, Candice Lee. "The Iron Industry of Bassar, Togo: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of African Technological History." UCLA, 1984.
Killick, David. "Technology in Its Social Setting: Bloomery Iron-Smelting at Kasungu, Malawi, 1860-1940." Yale University, 1990.
Abraham, R. C. Dictionary of the Hausa Language. London: University of London Press, 1962.
Kraft, C. H., and A. H. M. Kirk-Greene. Hausa. London: English Universities Press, 1973.
Skinner, Neil. Hausa Language Course. Madison, WI: Department of African Languages and Literature, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1971.
__________. Kamus na Turanci da Hausa: English-Hausa Dictionary. Zaria: Northern Nigeria Publishing Ltd., 1970.
Jos Oral History and Literature Texts: One Harmattan 1981. Jos, Nigeria: Department of History, University of Jos, 1981.
Jos Oral History and Literature Texts: Two Early Rains 1981. Jos, Nigeria: Department of History, University of Jos, 1981.
Writings
"African Historical Dictionaries in Perspective, African Studies Association, Annual Review of Books (1980): 199-208.
African Oral History Collections" – unpublished.
The 'Hill Refuges' of the Jos Plateau: A Historiographical Examination," History in Africa 5 (1978): 201-222.
"Pre-Colonial Iron Working on the Jos Plateau," Fourth Seminar on the Economic History of the Central Savanna of West Africa, Abdullahi Bayero College, ABU, Kano, Nigeria, 5th-10th Jan. 1976.
The Sokoto Caliphate Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century (M.A. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1974).
"Trade and Exchange Mechanisms in the Daffo Area of the Jos Plateau," Jos Oral History and Literature Texts 2 (1981): 32-84