Access
Publication and Use Rights
Processing Note
Preferred Citation
Acquisition Information
Historical or Biographical Note
Collection Scope and Content
Collection Arrangement
Title: Trans-Pacific Westbound Rate Agreement records
Date: 1920 Oct 21-1979 Jan 1
Identifier/Call Number: HDC0321 (SAFR 17423)
Creator:
Unknown
Physical Description:
30 linear ft.
Repository:
San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park, Historic Documents Department
Building E, Fort Mason
San Francisco, CA 94123
Abstract: The collection includes minutes, cargo statistics and traffic circulars of TWRA, a consortium of West Coast shipping companies.
The collection was received in little apparent order, except that meeting minutes were generally grouped together by the name
of the body meeting. Meeting minutes are the most important, revealing, and complete part of the collection. The Joint Agreement
was divided into several "conferences" that organized and re-organized many times over the years, met in many different cities,
and involved many different steamship companies. These steamship companies themselves came in and out of business, changed
names, reorganized, and consolidated often as the years passed. The collection has relevance to the history of the West Coast
shipping industry in general, and to the individual corporate histories of Pacific and Far East shipping companies. The collection
is also relevant to the legal and political history of anti-trust law exemptions and industry specific self-regulatory
bodies. The researcher wishing an overview of this collection would do well to look at contract memos, rules and regulations,
legal cases, and a representative sample of minutes from each conference, especially those early and late in the conference's
existence. For access to individual steamship companies within the collection, decide upon a range of dates, consult the sequential
arrangement of dates for appropriate minutes, and see the beginning of those minutes for a list of the companies and their
representatives.
Physical Location: San Francisco Maritime NHP, Historic Documents Department
Language(s):
In English.
Access
This collection is open for use unless otherwise noted.
Publication and Use Rights
Some material may be copyrighted or restricted. It is the researcher's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other
case restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the collections.
Processing Note
The descriptions in this collection guide were compiled using the best available sources of information. Such sources include
the creator's annotations or descriptions, collection accession files, primary and secondary source material and subject matter
experts. While every effort was made to provide accurate information, in the event that you find any errors in this guide
please contact the reference staff in order for us to evaulate and make corrections to this guide.
Please cite the title and collection number in any correspondence with our staff.
Preferred Citation
[Item description], [Location within collection organization identified by Collection Number/Series Number/File Unit Number/Item
Number], HDC0321 (SAFR 17423), Trans-Pacific Westbound Rate Agreement records, San Francisco Maritime National Historical
Park
Acquisition Information
SAFR-00001
Transferred from Golden Gate National Recreation Area to San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park in 1988.
Historical or Biographical Note
The Trans-Pacific Westbound Rate Agreement (TWRA) is a consortium of shipping lines that are exempt from anti-trust legislation
and that meet to set rates for the shipment of westbound cargo across the Pacific Ocean. The group was created in 1920, and
included at various time most of the major shipping lines of the Pacific Basin. In 1934 the TWRA answered a complaint brought
against them before the United States Shipping Board of the Federal Maritime Commission by the City of Oakland, California
and the Oakland Chamber of Commerce. In that statement, the TRWA justified their formation in 1920 by noting that "prior to
the formation�unbridled competition existed between all carriers at all [terminals] on the Pacific Coast for the transportation
of cargoes to the Orient." The 1934 statement noted that the TRWA was organized with the approval of the United States Shipping
Board for the purposes of "preventing ruinous competition" between carriers, "affording fair opportunities to ports," and
"promoting
certainty in transportation conditions among merchants." It did so by stabilizing rate structures and eliminating unfair competition
between and discrimination among its members. The TRWA argued that tariff and industry self-regulation measures were designed
to "protect the shipping public" while simultaneously permitting "sufficient latitude in competition" between member carriers
and participating terminals, in an effort to avoid "unreasonable conditions in respect to the shippers [and] unstable conditions
among themselves." (See Series 5, folders 342-347 for documents relating to Oakland v. TRWA).
Collection Scope and Content
The collection includes minutes, cargo statistics and traffic circulars of TWRA, a consortium of West Coast shipping companies.
The collection was received in little apparent order, except that meeting minutes were generally grouped together by the name
of the body meeting. Meeting minutes are the most important, revealing, and complete part of the collection. The Joint Agreement
was divided into several "conferences" that organized and re-organized many times over the years, met in many different cities,
and involved many different steamship companies. These steamship companies themselves came in and out of business, changed
names, reorganized, and consolidated often as the years passed. The collection has relevance to the history of the West Coast
shipping industry in general, and to the individual corporate histories of Pacific and Far East shipping companies. The collection
is also relevant to the legal and political history of anti-trust law exemptions and industry specific self-regulatory bodies.
The researcher wishing an overview of this collection would do well to look at contract memos, rules and regulations, legal
cases, and a representative sample of minutes from each conference, especially those early and late in the conference's existence.
For access to individual steamship companies within the collection, decide upon a range of dates, consult the sequential arrangement
of dates for appropriate minutes, and see the beginning of those minutes for a list of the companies and their representatives.
Collection Arrangement
Organized into 6 series:
Series 1, Minutes, organized into nine sub-series according the regional or functional group represented within each sub-series.
Within each sub-series, files are arranged chronologically: 1.01, General meeting minutes, 1922-1955; 1.02, Northern District
meeting minutes, 1922-1955; 1.03, Seattle minutes, 1956-1958; 1.04, P.W.C. meetings, 1956-1966; 1.05, Southern District meetings,
1920-1954, with gaps; 1.06, Joint Far East meetings, 1923-1956, with gaps; 1.07, Joint North Atlantic meetings, 18 May 1921;
1.08, Owners meetings, 1958-1979; 1.09, Trans Pacific Operators meetings minutes, 1925-1934.
Series 1.01: files 1-51 (boxes 1-6).
- Series 1.02: files 52-171 (boxes 6-18).
- Series 1.03: files 172-180 (boxes 18-19).
- Series 1.04: files 181-217 (boxes 19-23).
- Series 1.05: files 218-239 (boxes 23-25).
- Series 1.06: files 240-256 (boxes 25-27).
- Series 1.07: file 257 (box 27).
- Series 1.08: files 258-262 (box 27).
- Series 1.09: file 263 (box 27).
Series 2: Memoranda, correspondence, and related material, including information regarding the Joint Far East meetings, the
Joint Contract System memos and correspondences, Pacific Coast Committee minutes, Joint Agreement memoranda and bulletins,
and California-Japan Cotton Pool memoranda.
Series 2: files 264-283 (boxes 27-29).
Series 3: Rate and tariff circulars for the following Conferences of the TWRA: Joint Agreement, Pacific Straits Conference,
Pacific Coast Committee, Pacific Westbound Conference, and Far East Conference.
Series 3: files 284-311 (boxes 29-32).
Series 4: Local and overland cargo statistics of the Pacific Westbound Conference.
Series 4: files 312-341 (boxes 32-35).
Series 5: Legal actions and documents of the Pacific Westbound Conference.
Series 5: files 342-353 (boxes 35-36).
Series 6: Miscellaneous material, including Malaysia Pacific Rate agreements and requests, Pacific Westbound Conference rules
and regulations, commodity index forms, and miscellaneous form material.
Series 6: files 354-360 (boxes 36-37).