George W. Ingalls Photograph Collection: Finding Aid photCL
275
Finding aid prepared by Suzanne Oatey.
The Huntington Library
© 2014
1151 Oxford Road
San Marino, California 91108
Business Number: (626) 405-2191
reference@huntington.org
Note
Updated in May 2015 and by Brooke M. Black in September 2024.
Contributing Institution:
The Huntington Library
Title: George W. Ingalls Photograph Collection
Creator:
Ingalls, George W., 1838-1921
Identifier/Call Number: photCL 275
Physical Description:
1 unit
(1,126 photographs in 36 boxes: 598 prints and copy prints, 475
glass negatives, and 53 copy transparencies + notes and ephemera)
Date (inclusive): approximately 1869 - 1915
Date (bulk): 1870s
Abstract: A collection of glass plate negatives
and prints collected by Major George W. Ingalls, a United States Indian agent, 1872-1875,
who worked among Paiute and other tribes in the American West, as well as among Great
Plains, Great Basin and Eastern tribes relegated to Indian Territory. Many of the
photographs were made in the early 1870s, including several original wet-plate glass
negatives made by Powell expedition photographer John K. Hillers, and by Charles M. Bell.
The collection illustrates Indian reform practices of the late 19th century, including views
of Indian children attending seminary schools; portraits of tribal leaders in western suits;
missionaries and churches in Indian Territory. There are also portraits of Indian delegates
in Washington D.C.; portraits taken at Council meetings; and early views of Reno,
Nevada.
Language of Material: English.
Access
Open to qualified researchers by prior application through the Reader Services Department.
For more information, contact Reader Services.
Publication Rights
The Huntington Library does not require that researchers request permission to quote from
or publish images of this material, nor does it charge fees for such activities. The
responsibility for identifying the copyright holder, if there is one, and obtaining
necessary permissions rests with the researcher.
Preferred Citation
George W. Ingalls Photograph Collection. The Huntington Library, San Marino,
California.
Provenance
Purchased from Mrs. Elizabeth A. Ingalls, 1923.
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
The glass negatives are various sizes: 4 1/8 x 6 1/2 inches, 5 x 7 inches, 5 x 8 inches,
and 8 x 10 inches. There are both wet plate and dry plate negatives; double-thick and plain
glass; stereographs; and some with broken edges or cracks. Note that there are some original
exposures on glass (by John K. Hillers, Charles M. Bell and possibly others), but many are
also copies -- photographs of photographs or other types of reproductions.
The prints are also a mixture of reproductions and originals. In cases where there is a
negative and no print, a modern copy print was made from the negative by the Huntington
Library, ca. 1980s-1990s, and interfiled with the other prints.
Biographical Note
George W. Ingalls was born in Massachusetts in 1838. He became a member of the Baptist
Church, and as a young man went to Illinois, where he worked as a merchandise clerk and
proprietor. He married Jennie Roberts in 1866, with whom he had three children. In 1870, he
was working as a life insurance agent in Springfield, Ill., while also becoming increasingly
involved in Indian affairs through the American Baptist Home Mission Society. In 1872,
President Grant appointed Ingalls U. S. Indian Agent for Nevada, Utah and Southeast
California. In 1873, he was made U.S. Special Indian Commissioner, along with John Wesley
Powell, to investigate the condition of the Indians of the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin.
Ingalls, Powell and photographer John K. Hillers travelled from Kanab to St. George and then
to Las Vegas in the fall of 1873 to photograph Paiute Indians.
In 1874, the U.S. government published the "Report of Special Commissioners J. W. Powell
and G. W. Ingalls on the Condition of the Ute Indians of Utah; the Paiutes of Utah, Northern
Arizona, Southern Nevada, and Southeastern California; the Go-Si-Utes of Utah and Nevada;
the Northwestern Shoshones of Idaho and Utah; and the Western Shoshones of Nevada…"
Ingalls, Powell and Hillers were together again in 1875, when Hillers was making
photographs in Indian Territory, Oklahoma, for the Smithsonian's display at the Centennial
Exposition of 1876 in Philadelphia. Hillers' diary of 1875 mentions Ingalls several
times.
In 1874, Ingalls was appointed the first agent in charge of the Union Agency of
consolidated Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw and Seminole Indian tribes. He resigned as
agent in 1875, but continued with religious and educational work among the Indians.
Ingalls' first wife died in 1875, and in 1879 he married Dr. Elizabeth Shaw, a graduate of
Michigan University who was a missionary physician among the Indians in Indian
Territory.
Ingalls moved to Arizona in 1880 and organized the first Territorial Exposition of
Arizona, 1883. He turned his attention to mines and organizing civic expositions in Oregon,
and eventually returned to Nevada in 1901. He became Secretary of the Nevada Chamber of
Commerce at Reno, and in 1909, was chosen probation officer of the Juvenile Court. He
resigned in 1912 and spent his time writing articles and giving lectures on his experiences
among the Indians. He lived his last years in San Diego, and then Redlands, California,
where he died in 1921.
In his later years, Ingalls wrote to the Smithsonian's Bureau of Ethnology, asking for
copies of specific photographs (many of which are in this collection). In a July 25, 1914,
letter, he wrote "… in 1873 and 4, I was with the late Major J. W. Powell, Special Indian
Commissioner and served in making investigations of the condition of Indians in Utah,
Nevada, Northern Ariz., S. E. California & Southern Idaho, and taking a census of same …
Jack Hillers made photographs of Indians at the time … I desire 8x10 and stereoscopic size
for illustrating my experiences of 40 years among Indians and New Legends never in print of
Paiutes and Washoes. Have started a new crusade of Indians (Temperance)…and have 1,000
signers to Anti-Liquor League. I want above named photos for use stated, also for lantern
slides for my lectures among Indians and Whites..." On May 30, 1919, Ingalls wrote from San
Diego, California, requesting more photos for a "revised new book on wild & civilized
Indians … the following photographic prints 8x10 size that were made under Mr. Jack Hillers
1871-2-3 when with J.W. Powell and G.W. Ingalls … also by Jack Hillers - Oklahoma 1875 for
G.W. Ingalls, Supt. 1875 in Oklahoma." The BAE reply says: "we have the original negatives
of 80 subjects listed by you … we will have to have the works printed privately, 50 cents
each without regard to size - total: $40. The prints will be made on glossy b&w paper
suitable for engraving or copying."
Sources consulted:
- Fleming, Paula Richardson.
Native
American Photography at the Smithsonian: The Shindler Catalogue.
Washington
D.C.: Smithsonian, 2003.
- Ingalls, G. W., letters to Superintendent, Bureau of
Ethnology, Dept. of Interior, 1914, 1915 and 1919. Source: National Anthropological
Archives, Bureau of American Ethnology correspondence, Box 180, Letters received
1909-1949 -- Ingalls, G. W.
- Fowler, Don, ed.
"Photographed All
the Best Scenery": Jack Hillers's Diary of the Powell Expeditions, 1871-1875.
Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1972.
Scope and Content
A collection of glass plate negatives and prints collected by Major George W. Ingalls, a
United States Indian agent, 1872-1875, who worked among Paiute and other tribes in the West,
as well as among Great Plains, Great Basin and Eastern tribes relegated to Indian Territory.
Many of the photographs were made in the early 1870s and include photographs by John K.
Hillers made during expeditions with John Wesley Powell in 1873 and 1874; views of Indian
children attending seminary schools; portraits of tribal leaders in western suits;
missionaries and churches in Indian Territory. There are also portraits of Indian delegates
in Washington D.C.; portraits taken at Council meetings; and early views of Reno, Nevada,
from the early 1900s.
The majority of tribes represented are from Great Basin and Great Plains regions, but
there are also Southwest Indian photographs by A. C. Vroman; and views of Northeast and
Southeast Indian tribe members living in Indian Territory or attending annual council
meetings. Notably, there is a view of a skull showing an example of head flattening (Folder
33, Item 1).
Many of the original prints have ink captions in Ingalls' hand. Ingalls' captions often
mention if the Indians pictured are Christians or otherwise "reformed." There are
photographs of Indian graduates of seminary schools, and views of institutional buildings
and churches with native and non-native people. Missionary families are shown in their
houses, as well as native preachers in their new wooden houses. Additionally, there are also
descriptions in pencil on the backs of original prints and copy prints that are, for the
most part, taken from Ingalls' original negative envelopes. At some point after acquisition,
Ingalls' handwritten identifications on the original negative envelopes were transcribed to
the backs of the prints and the envelopes were discarded. A few still survive, and are filed
with the prints --see Folder 23 (3), to see an example.
This collection is a mixture of original and copy prints and negatives, as well as a few
pieces of ephemera and some manuscript photograph lists and possible lecture notes by
Ingalls. There are many original exposures among the glass negatives, which Ingalls may have
received directly from the photographer(s). Others are copies that Ingalls may have borrowed
to be photographed for his own collection, or he received from elsewhere. The Smithsonian's
Bureau of Ethnology received letters from Ingalls asking for copies of certain photographs,
indicating he did receive some copies this way. A May 30, 1919, letter from Ingalls' to the
BAE refers to Hillers' photographs "for" him in Oklahoma, 1875, supporting the idea that
Hillers gave Ingalls some original negatives.
Related materials in the Huntington Library
-
Horatio N. Rust Photograph Collection (photCL 11)
-
A.C. Vroman Photograph Collection (photCL 86)
-
Photograph album of Southwest Pueblos and portraits of Indian
leaders (photCL 190)
Arrangement
The collection is organized into 4 series:
- Original and copy prints
- Ephemera and notes
- Glass negatives
- Copy negatives (transparencies)
The photographs are organized by tribe and listed loosely by geographic and cultural
region: Southwest, Great Basin, California and Plateau, Great Plains, Southeast, and
Northeast. Some sections include views of non-Indians, towns, and buildings taken in
vicinity. Following tribe names, there are sections for: Artifacts; U.S. Indian Agents and
Missionaries; Miscellaneous and Unidentified.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
African Americans -- 1870-1880 -- Photographs. [TGM]
Apache Indians -- Photographs
Arapaho Indians-- Photographs
Arrowheads -- North America -- Photographs
Artifacts -- Photographs
Baptists -- Missions -- Indian Territory -- History
Caddo Indians -- Photographs
Cherokee Indians -- Photographs
Cheyenne Indians -- Photographs
Chickasaw Indians -- Photographs
Chinook Indians – Craniology -- Photographs
Choctaw Indians -- Photographs
Clergy -- United States -- History -- 19th century --
Photographs
Comanche Indians -- Photographs
Creek Indians -- Photographs
Crow Indians -- Photographs
Delaware Indians -- Photographs
Delegations -- Washington (D.C.) -- 1870-1880 -- Photographs
Delegations -- Washington (D.C.) -- 1880-1890 -- Photographs
Expeditions & surveys -- West (U.S.) -- 1870-1890 --
Photographs
Frontier and pioneer life -- United States -- West (U.S.) --
Photographs
Hopi Indians -- Photographs
Indian Territory. General Council -- Photographs
Indians of North America -- Cultural assimilation -- Indian
Territory.
Indians of North America -- Education -- Photographs
Indians of North America -- Great Basin. -- Photographs
Indians of North America -- Great Plains. -- Photographs
Indians of North America -- Indian Territory. -- Photographs
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New-- Photographs
Kiowa Indians -- Photographs
Modoc Indians -- Photographs
Navajo Indians -- Photographs
Nez Perce Indians -- Photographs
Off-reservation boarding schools -- Photographs
Ojibwa Indians -- Photographs
Osage Indians -- Photographs
Ottawa Indians -- Photographs
Paiute Indians -- Photographs
Pawnee Indians -- Photographs
Ponca Indians -- Photographs
Pueblo Indians -- Photographs
Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma -- Photographs
School children -- Photographs.
Seminole Indians -- Oklahoma -- Photographs
Shoshoni Indians- -- Photographs
Sioux Nation -- Photographs
Ute Indians -- Photographs
Washoe Indians -- Photographs
Winnebago Indians -- Photographs
Eureka Springs (Ark.) -- History -- Photographs
Fort Totten Indian Reservation (N.D.) -- Photographs
Indian Territory. -- Photographs
Nevada -- History -- Photographs
Reno (Nev.) -- History -- Photographs
Walpi (Ariz.) -- Photographs
Truckee River (Calif. and Nev.). -- Photographs
United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Osage Agency. --
Photographs
United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Pine Ridge Agency. --
Photographs
United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Union Agency. --
Photographs
Glass negatives
Photographs
Cartes-de-visite
Stereographs
Portraits
Ephemera
Barry, D. F. (David Francis), 1854-1934, photographer
Bell, C. M. (Charles Milton), approximately 1849-1893,
photographer
Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896, photographer
Gentile, Carlo, 1835-1893, photographer
Hillers, John K., 1843-1925, photographer
Hopkins, Sarah Winnemucca, 1844?-1891 --
Photographs
Joseph, Nez Percé Chief, 1840-1904 --
Photographs
Journeycake, Charles, 1817-1894 --
Photographs
Montezuma, Carlos, 1866-1923 -- Photographs
Moorhouse, Lee, 1850-1926, photographer
Newlands, Francis G. (Francis Griffith), 1848-1917 --
Photographs
Ouray, Ute Chief, approximately 1833-1880 --
Photographs
Randall, A. F. (A. Frank), photographer
Ross, William P. (William Potter), 1820-1891 --
Photographs
Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909, photographer
Shanks, John P. C. (John Peter Cleaver), 1826-1901 --
Photographs
Shindler, A. Zeno (Antonio Zeno), 1823-1899, photographer
Sitting Bull, 1831-1890 -- Photographs
Vroman, A.C. ( Adam Clark), 1856-1916, photographer
Washakie, approximately 1804-1900 --
Photographs
Winema, Modoc Chieftainess, 1842-1932 --
Photographs
Wovoka, approximately 1856-1932 --
Photographs
Wright, Allen, active 1873-1880 --
Photographs
University of Nevada, Reno -- History --
Photographs
Container List
Online items
Box 1, Folder 1
Hopi
Physical Description: 10
Photographic Prints(1-9a)
Scope and Contents
Includes views of Walpi, Sichomovi and Hopi men and women by A. C. Vroman; captions
in Vroman's hand on mounts.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negative (copy) for (9)
Box 1, Folder 2
Navajo
Physical Description: 5
Photographic Prints(1-5)
Scope and Contents
Includes copy prints of Navajo chief Manuelito, his wife, Juanita, and son,
Segundo, by Charles M. Bell [see original prints in Huntington Library collection
photCL 190]; reproduction photograph of Chief Kitoni.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1-5)
Box 1, Folder 3
Apache
Physical Description: 13
Photographic Prints(1-10.2)
Scope and Contents
People identified: Dr. Carlos Montezuma (childhood through adulthood);
Esh-kin-tsay-gizah "Mike" (White Mountain Apache); Al-chi-say (White Mountain
Apache); San Juan (Mescalero Apache); Little Blond; Augustin Virgil (Jicarilla
Apache). Some portraits made during delegation to Washington, D.C., 1874.
Photographers: Cosmopolitan Photographic Studio (Chicago); Gentile (Chicago); Baker
& Johnston (Evanston, Wyoming); A. Frank Randall; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 4, 5a, 5c, 9) and glass negatives
for (10-10.2)
Box 1, Folder 4
Paiute (Northern)
Physical Description: 23
Photographic Prints(1-20)
Scope and Contents
Mostly in Nevada. Includes portraits; woman weaving willow water bottle; men and
women playing cards and gambling; locations in Paiute legends.
People identified: G.W. Ingalls and Wovoka (or Jack Wilson), originator of the
Ghost Dance; Son of the Moon or Wah-Quadzy; Captain Dave Numana; "Old Winnemucca"
Paiute Chief of Nevada; Sarah Winnemucca; Johnson Sides. Photographers: E.P. Butler;
Latto (Boston); Oakland Studio; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (5, 6, 8, 18, 19, 20) and glass
negatives for (1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 12a, 13, 16)
Box 1, Folder 5
Washoe
Physical Description: 35
Photographic Prints(1-31)
Scope and Contents
Mostly in Nevada. Includes portraits, scenes of gambling; women applying pitch to
woven water bottles; baskets; dwellings and families. Also photographs of drawings
of Washoe life and legends, animals and birds by an unknown artist.
People identified: Washoe basket weaver Sarah Mayo showing her baskets in a field
on the Dressler Ranch, Carson Valley, Nevada, ca. 1914; Pete Mayo; Richard E.
Barrington; Lizzie May. Photographers: Terkelson & Henry, San Francisco;
unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negative (copy) for (19) and glass negatives for (2, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 20)
Box 2, Folder 6 (1-17)
Reno, Nevada, ca. 1900. Street scenes; Court House; Truckee River and
bridge; houses.
Box 2, Folder 6 (18-29)
University of Nevada, Reno, ca. 1900. General views of campus buildings
built in 1890s.
Box 2, Folder 6 (30-45)
Nevada, various views. Francis G. Newlands residence in Reno; houses in
Lake Tahoe. One view of G.W. Ingalls inside the Chamber of Commerce, Reno; exhibit
of Nevada Indian arts and crafts at Nevada State Fair, Reno, 1914; Truckee river;
livestock.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (39, 41, 41.1) and glass negatives for
(1-38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45)
Box 2, Folder 7
Paiute (Southern)
Physical Description: 27
Photographic Prints(1-19)
Scope and Contents
Mostly Nevada and Southern Utah. Photographs by John K. Hillers made during
expeditions with John Wesley Powell, 1873-1874. Views of wickiups; gambling; women
carrying water; men with bows and arrows; portraits. Print (12a) has personal note
about a Paiute woman written by Ingalls on back. Several prints stamped with credit
"Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology."
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 4, 5.1, 6a, 6b, 7, 8, 11, 12) and
glass negatives for (2, 3, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
Box 2, Folder 8
Shoshone
Physical Description: 22
Photographic Prints(1-19)
Scope and Contents
Mostly in Nevada, Utah. Includes studio portraits, dance scenes, dwellings, tepees.
One photograph of Indians with Sheriff Ferrel; writing in hand of Ingalls says: "The
Aftermath or the four survivors of last Indian massacre of Nevada before mess
cleaned up at Reno. July 1910." One of the Shoshone girls was adopted and re-named
Mary Josephine Estep, and there are several photos of her growing up. Several
photographs of Chief Washakie (Eastern Shoshone) with his council and his family.
Photographers: 1 carte-de-visite by C. R. Savage; Baker & Johnston (Evanston,
Wyoming); 2 stereographs published by O. C. Smith (Brooklyn, New York).
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15) and glass
negatives for (1)
Box 2, Folder 9
Ute
Physical Description: 18
Photographic Prints(1-16)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of Colorado Ute Indians wearing traditional and western clothing.
People identified: Henry Jim; Galota; Buckskin Charley; Schavano (or Shavano);
Ignacio; Chief Ouray and his wife, Chipeta. Includes portrait of Ignacio and Ouray
together. Photographer and location unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1-16)
Box 3, Folder 10
Modoc
Physical Description: 18
Photographic Prints(1-13)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of individuals involved in the Modoc War of 1873: Tobey Riddle (or
Winema), Frank Riddle and their son, Jeff Riddle; Scarface Charley; Steamboat Frank;
Shacknasty Jim; Captain Jack; U.S. Indian scouts Tecumseh, Dave Hill and George
Harney (Warm Spring Apache). Photographs by Charles M. Bell, Washington D.C.,
1875.
Also included are group portraits of Modoc school children and white teachers, ca.
1875.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negative (copy) for (10) and glass negatives for (2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 11, 11a, 12, 12a). [Some original wet-plate negatives by Charles M.
Bell.]
Box 3, Folder 11
Arapaho
Physical Description: 12
Photographic Prints(1-9b)
Scope and Contents
Photographs by John K. Hillers, Indian Territory, Oklahoma, 1875.
People identified: Chief Left Hand; Chief Big Mouth and his daughters; Bear Robe
and wife; Chief White Man; Yellow Bear and wife.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1, 5, 6, 8, 9). All stereograph negatives except
(6).
Box 3, Folder 12
Cheyenne
Physical Description: 26
Photographic Prints(1-21)
Scope and Contents
Photographs by John K. Hillers, except three by unidentified photographers. Most
are group and single portraits of Cheyenne delegates to the annual Grand Council,
Okmulgee, Oklahoma, 1875. Several views of temporary encampments.
[Note: Sometimes Ingalls' dates on backs of prints and his ledger captions differ
by one year – 1874 or 1875].
People identified: G. W. Ingalls with group of Cheyenne, 1875; Phil McCusker, U.S.
Interpreter, and wife "Minnehaha"; Little Chief; Feathered Wolf; Plenty Horses;
White Shield and son; Starving Elk; Little Bear and wife; Buffalo Meat; Chief
Whirlwind and wife; Wolf on the Hill and wife.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (13.1, 14, 15, 16.1) and glass negatives
for (1, 2, 5, 6, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
Box 6, Folder 12 (22)
[large print] Cheyenne family group, with tent and pony hitched to travois.
Print embossed "Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology."
Physical Description: 1
Photographic Prints
Box 3, Folder 13
Crow
Physical Description: 34
Photographic Prints(1-21a)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits and candid photographs of families, dances and school children,
mostly in Montana. Views of Indians and whites at Baptist Mission. Two photographs
of Crow delegates in Washington D.C. by Charles M. Bell.
People identified: Plenty Coups; Bull Tail, White Mouth and families; Shows-a-Fish
and Theodore White Mouth; White Arm and family; Rebecca Flathead; Pretty Shell and
Pretty Beads (mother and child); Good Eye. Photographers: Charles M. Bell; Huffman,
Montana; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19, 20, 21) and glass negatives for (1, 2, 10, 11)
Box 3, Folder 14
Kiowa
Physical Description: 15
Photographic Prints(1-12)
Scope and Contents
Kiowa Indians who became Baptist Church deacons; families on porch of new house;
Indians at churches in Oklahoma; tepees; dwellings; encampments; woman painting
history on buffalo robe.
People identified: Deacon Podelly; Chief Big Tree; Pi-tal-ye (Sun Boy); Deacon
Wind; Deacon Sinco; Samuel Akutone. Photographers/publishers: John K. Hillers;
Russell (Anadarko, OK); Hedrick (Taloga, OK); unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and glass
negatives for (3)
Box 4, Folder 15
Comanche
Physical Description: 6
Photographic Prints(1-6)
Scope and Contents
Photographs by John K. Hillers, made in camps in vicinity of Grand Council,
Oklahoma, ca. 1874-1875. [Note: Sometimes Ingalls' dates on backs of prints and his
ledger captions differ by one year – 1874 or 1875].
People identified: Dangerous Eagle; Black Bear; Cheevers and wives; Tabenanaka and
his wife.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1-5)
Box 4, Folder 16
Pawnee
Physical Description: 4
Photographic Prints(1-3)
Scope and Contents
Photographs by John K. Hillers. Portraits of Big Spotted Horse and Lone Chief, near
Okmulgee, Oklahoma, 1875.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1, 2)
Box 4, Folder 17
Nez Perce
Physical Description: 6
Photographic Prints(1-6)
Scope and Contents
Chief Joseph portraits; his village in Idaho; and scene of dedication of monument
to him in Washington, 1905. Also one view of James Rhuben [Reuben?] with G. W.
Ingalls.
Photographers: Lee Moorhouse; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1-6)
Box 4, Folder 18
Sioux
Physical Description: 21
Photographic Prints(1-18)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of Sioux leaders and scenes on the Sioux Agency in North Dakota: a
schoolhouse, U. S. Agent's house; trade store; Devil's Lake; an Indian farm; Fort
Totten and soldiers; native camps and views of dances.
People identified: Red Cloud; Running Antelope; Sitting Bull; family of Sitting
Bull in front of his tepee; American Horse; Spotted Tail. Photographers/publishers:
Portrait of Red Cloud by Mathew Brady, 1872. Also D. F. Barry; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (3, 4) and glass negatives for (1, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14.1, 15, 16 17, 18)
Box 4, Folder 19
Osage
Physical Description: 13
Photographic Prints(1-12)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits; family and wickiup; subchiefs at Grand Council, 1875. Views of
Industrial Boarding School, Osage Agency in Indian Territory, and a group portrait
of white agency employees, ca. 1880.
People identified: Strike Axe; Epe-saun-cee; War Eagle and Eagle Feather; Saucy
Chief; Wash-en-pashie; Grey Bird; Two Giver; Hle-ah-too-me (with baby).
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (6.1) and glass negatives for (1-12)
Box 4, Folder 20
Caddo
Physical Description: 1
Photographic Prints(1)
Scope and Contents
Temporary camp of Chief "George Washington," showing him with two other Indian men
and a white man standing under a canvas shelter, ca. 1875. Photograph by John K.
Hillers.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1)
Box 4, Folder 21
Chippewa/Ojibwa
Physical Description: 10
Photographic Prints(1-10)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of members of Ojibwa Delegation to Washington D.C., ca. 1880.
Photographs attributed to Charles M. Bell.
People identified: [Identifications and spellings from Smithsonian image database]
Edawigijig; Kis-ki-ta-wag; Wadwaiasoug; Akewainzee; Oshawashkogijig; Nijogijig (Two
Days); Oshoga (O-sho-ga); Wasigwanabi; Ogimagijig; Naw-gaw-nab.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1-9)
Box 4, Folder 22
Sac and Fox
Physical Description: 24
Photographic Prints(1-21)
Scope and Contents
Portraits; camp of Grey Eyes; bark houses; women with babies in cradleboards. Views
of U. S. Agent's house and family, with croquet game in progress; school house and
Indian schoolchildren.
People identified: Big Walker; Growing Horn and family; Keokuk Jr.; interpreters
Robert Thrift and Mrs. McCoy; camp of Grey Eyes. Photographers: Charles M. Bell;
John K. Hillers; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (10) and corresponding glass negatives
for (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5a, 6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
21a)
Box 4, Folder 23-24
Choctaw/Chickasaw
Physical Description: 19
Photographic Prints(fld. 23, 1-15); (fld. 24,
1-4)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of delegates and U.S.-educated Indian men and women; Council House
building and group portraits of tribal members; group portraits of Indian school
girls; new homes and buildings built in Indian Territory.
People identified: Peter Pitchlyn; Allen Wright; Coleman Cole; Dan Tucker; S. W.
Garvin; Ah-it-to-tub-by; D. O. Fisher; Samuel A-ha-tone and Lone Wolf; residence of
Smith Paul, Paul's Valley, Oklahoma. Photographers: cartes-de-visite by A. G. DaLee
(Lawrence, Kansas) and J. T. Bradshaw (Quincy, Illinois). Also A. Zeno Shindler
(1869 portrait of Choctaw delegate Allen Wright).
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for Folder 23 (15); Folder 24 (1) and glass
negatives for Folder 23 (1, 2, 2a, 3, 6, 7, 8. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14); Folder 24 (2,
3, 4)
Box 5, Folder 25
Creek
Physical Description: 19
Photographic Prints(1-18)
Scope and Contents
Portraits; G. W. Ingalls and others at his headquarters at Union Agency, Oklahoma
territory, ca. 1874; F. B. Severs trade store at Okmulgee, with whites, Indians and
African-Americans gathered in front; Ingalls and crowd at Grand Council of 1875 at
Old Creek Council House. Also views of new stone Council House, boarding school and
the Office of Creek Chief Samuel Checato, with men posed in front.
People identified: Rev. Daniel Perryman; J. M. Perryman; Ward Coachman; Samuel
Checato; G. W. Ingalls and General Shanks. Photographers: 1 carte-de-visite by Stone
& Hansard (Denison, TX); John K. Hillers; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 14.1) and glass
negatives for (5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18)
Box 5, Folder 26
Seminole
Physical Description: 37
Photographic Prints(1-33)
Scope and Contents
Portraits of Seminole ministers and college students; Baptist meeting house;
churches. Views of John E. Brown, Secretary of tribe, and his family outside home;
and Gen. John Peter Cleaver Shanks with unidentified white man and black man.
Views of pioneer town of Eureka Springs, Arkansas, ca. 1875, showing wooden
storefronts, saloon, trade stores, spring water source, and townspeople gathered for
photograph.
People identified: James Factor; John Chupco; Rev. Mundy Durant (Black Baptist
preacher); John Jumper and his new church; Rebecca Jumper; John F. Brown and family;
Gen. John Peter Cleaver Shanks. Photographers/publishers: John K. Hillers;
unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 7, 9a, 24) and glass negatives
for (4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10-23, 25-33)
Box 5, Folder 27
Winnebago
Physical Description: 4
Photographic Prints(1-4)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of Winneshiek, Black Hawk and John Michael St. Cyr by Charles M.
Bell, Washington D.C., 1875.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives for (1, 2, 4)
Box 5, Folder 28
Ottawa
Physical Description: 7
Photographic Prints(1-7)
Scope and Contents
Native students with white teacher in front of school; portraits of native council
members and ministers.
People identified: Isaac McCoy; William Hurr.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negative (copy) for (7) and glass negatives for (2, 3, 4, 5,
6)
Box 5, Folder 29
Wichita/Caddo and Wyandot
Physical Description: 4
Photographic Prints(1-4)
Scope and Contents
Portrait of Buffalo Good, whom Ingalls calls "a Christian - Waco branch of Wichita
Tribe, I.T." with a personal story by Ingalls written on back of the print. Also
group portrait of Caddo school girls, 1877; church buildings in Indian Territory;
portrait of Wyandot girl.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 3) and glass negatives for
(4)
Box 5, Folder 30
Delaware
Physical Description: 8
Photographic Prints(1-7)
Scope and Contents
Portraits; houses; Delaware Indian Baptist church building in Indian Territory,
northeast Oklahoma.
People identified: Charles Journeycake; his daughter, Mrs. Charles Armstrong, and
granddaughter; Capt. Black Beaver; Cyrus Miller; Fielding Halfmoon.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1-5) and glass negatives for (6, 7)
Box 5, Folder 31
Ponca
Physical Description: 6
Photographic Prints(1-4)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of Eagle Plume, White Eagle and a group of men in traditional
clothing and regalia.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (4) and glass negatives for (1-3)
Box 6, Folder 32
Cherokee
Physical Description: 53
Photographic Prints(1-51)
Scope and Contents
Portraits of Cherokee Indians identified by Ingalls as missionaries, preachers and
teachers. Several views of school and seminary buildings; group portraits of
students and teachers; children from "Orphan Asylum" in front of U.S. Agency office;
Cherokee National Female Seminary near Tahlequah, Oklahoma; Baptist Indian Institute
and Theological school; scenery around Tahlequah.
People identified: William P. Ross; his brother, D. H. Ross; J. A. Scales; Col.
Jesse Chisholm; James Taylor; Daniel Gritts; Rev. Levi Walkingstick; Huckleberry
Downing; G. W. Hicks; Adam Lacie (or Lacy); Mark Bean and Pete Markam; John R. Vann;
Letitia Fields; Lydia Sixkiller; Mary Jones (daughter of a white missionary who was
adopted by the Cherokee Council); Little Foot; Rev. John Buttrick Jones and family.
Photographer: John K. Hillers; unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (1, 2, 3, 9, 9.1, 15, 17, 22, 31, 33,
34, 35 36, 37, 38) and glass negatives for (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18,
19, 20, 21, 23-30, 32, 39-51)
Box 6, Folder 33
Artifacts
Physical Description: 19
Photographic Prints(1-33)
Scope and Contents
Displays of arrowheads, tools, stone implements, deerskin clothing, wampum, etc.
from various locations. Note on back of prints showing display of clothing and
artifacts says "collection sold by Mr. Ingalls to Golden Gate Park Museum." Two
views of excavated skulls, including a skull found in a grave near The Dalles,
Oregon, with an example of head flattening, which suggests the person was Chinook
(Folder 33, Item 1). Items originate from Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada,
and Arizona, and some photos have descriptive notes by Ingalls.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (2-4, 9-15) and glass negatives for (1,
5-8, 18, 19)
Box 6, Folder 34
U.S. Indian Agents, Missionaries and Explorers
Physical Description: 9
Photographic Prints(1-9)
Scope and Contents
Studio portraits of Rev. James Wilbur and G. W. Ingalls; group portrait of
missionaries and Indians in western suits. Also included are four John K. Hillers
photographs made during J. W. Powell's 1873 expedition to the Southwest, which
included Ingalls. Pictured are Powell, Ingalls, James C. Pilling, J. E. Colburn,
Thomas Moran, Nathan Adams, and Paiute Indians. Photographer: John K. Hillers;
unidentified.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (7) and glass negatives for 1-6)
Box 6, Folder 35 (1-22)
Miscellaneous and Unidentified
Physical Description: 22
Photographic Prints(1-22)
Scope and Contents
Several unidentified people, possibly Ingalls' family members. Includes portrait of
a little boy, Merle Crawford, 1918, (Klamath Indian from Oregon); portraits of
unidentified Indians and non-Indians; photographic postcard of a plank house near
Placerville, California; man and woman in buggy, in Los Gatos, California, 1896.
Related Materials
Corresponding glass negatives (copies) for (6-8, 12, 14, 17, 18) and glass
negatives for (1-5, 9-11, 19, 20)
Box 6, Folder 36
G. W. Ingalls business card; two envelopes addressed to
Ingalls.
Box 6, Folder 37-38
"List of Negatives of Indians and Scenes Illustrating Indian Life" –
manuscript lists by G. W. Ingalls
Scope and Contents
Two undated copies (15 pgs. and 13 pgs.) containing part handwritten and part
typescript list of tribes, names and other descriptions. Some, but not all of these
photographs are in this collection.
Other Finding Aids
-
Transcription of list of negatives
Box 6, Folder 39
Partial list of photographs with photographer's names (2 pages) –
manuscript list by G. W. Ingalls
Scope and Contents
Brief descriptions, some with photographer's names noted --"Hillers," "Armstrong,"
"Beale" – which research shows is a misspelling for photographer Charles M.
Bell.
Box 6, Folder 40
Key to contact sheets of photographs (4 pages) – manuscript list by G. W.
Ingalls
Scope and Contents
Brief descriptions of photographs.
Box 6, Folder 41
"Description – Ponca Indian Group" (3 pages) – manuscript notes by G. W.
Ingalls
Scope and Contents
Possibly lecture notes by Ingalls, with stories of Ponca Indians Standing Bear and
his brother, Big Snake, ca. 1870s.
Glass Negatives
Conditions Governing Access
Access to the glass negatives is restricted. Arrangements for viewing negatives must
be made in advance with the Curator of Photographs.
Scope and Contents
Glass negatives in 28 boxes. The glass negatives are various sizes: 4 1/8 x 6 ½
inches, 5 x 7 inches, 5 x 8 inches, and 8 x 10 inches and are arranged to correspond
to the organization of the prints, with broken glass negatives housed in boxes
27-28.
Box Neg. Box 1
Glass negatives: Folder 1 (1-9), 2 (1-4), 3 (1-10a)
Box Neg. Box 2
Glass negatives: Folder 4 (1-20)
Box Neg. Box 3
Glass negatives: Folder 5 (1-18)
Box Neg. Box 4
Glass negatives: Folder 5 (19-31)
Box Neg. Box 5
Glass negatives: Folder 6 (1-12)
Box Neg. Box 6
Glass negatives: Folder 6 (13-24)
Box Neg. Box 7
Glass negatives: Folder 6 (25-35)
Box Neg. Box 8
Glass negatives: Folder 6 (36-45), 7 (1-4a-c)
General
See box 10 for the corresponding negatives for 6 (41), 7 (3, 9-10, 13-19), 8
(1).
Box Neg. Box 9
Glass negatives: Folder 7 (5.1-19), 8 (1-19), 10 (1)
Box Neg. Box 10
Glass negatives: Folder 6 (41), 7 (2-19), 8 (1), 9 (1-19)
Box Neg. Box 11
Glass negatives: Folder 9 (10-16), 10 (2-12a), 11 (1-6)
Box Neg. Box 12
Glass negatives: Folder 11 (7-9), 12 (1-17)
Box Neg. Box 13
Glass negatives: Folder 12 (18-21), 13 (1-18)
Box Neg. Box 14
Glass negatives: Folder 13 (19-22a), 14 (1-10), 15 (1-5)
Box Neg. Box 15
Glass negatives: Folder 16 (1-2), 17 (1-6), 18 (1-13)
Box Neg. Box 16
Glass negatives: Folder 18 (14-18), 19 (1-12), 20 (1), 21 (1-3)
Box Neg. Box 17
Glass negatives: Folder 21 (4-10), 22 (1-9)
Box Neg. Box 18
Glass negatives: Folder 22 (10-21a), 23 (1-10)
Box Neg. Box 19
Glass negatives: Folder 23 (11-15), 24 (1-4), 25 (1-13)
Box Neg. Box 20
Glass negatives: Folder 25 (14-18), 26 (1-14)
Box Neg. Box 21
Glass negatives: Folder 26 (15-33), 27 (1, 2, 4), 28 (1-2)
Folder 1
Glass negatives: Folder 27 (3)
Scope and Contents
This glass plate negative is broken and can only be open by a Conservator. A copy
print is available from the Curator of Photography.
Box Neg. Box 22
Glass negatives: Folder 28 (3-7), 29 (1-4), 30 (1-7), 31 (1-4), 32
(1-5)
Box Neg. Box 23
Glass negatives: Folder 32 (6-32)
Box Neg. Box 24
Glass negatives: Folder 32 (33-51), 33 (1-7)
Box Neg. Box 25
Glass negatives: Folder 33 (8-9), 34 (1-9), 35 (1-5)
Box Neg. Box 26
Glass negatives: Folder 35 (6-20)
Box Neg. Box 27
Broken glass negatives: Folder 4 (5-6), 7 (2, 5.1, 6b), 9 (4, 12), 19 (3),
22 (12, 21)
Box Neg. Box 28
Broken glass negatives: Folder 3 (10, 10a), 10 (9), 19 (2), 22 (18, 21a),
24 (2), 27 (3), 31 (3), 32 (31, 38, 41)
Copy negatives (transparencies)
Conditions Governing Access
Access to the copy negatives is restricted. Arrangements for viewing negatives must
be made in advance with the Curator of Photographs.
Scope and Contents
53 copy negatives (transparencies) in 2 boxes, made by the Huntington Library, ca.
1980s-2000, are in cold storage.
