Description
Assembled over a period of forty years, the collection comprises approximately 560 works on paper by Käthe Kollwitz and other
predominantly German and other European artists from the late 19th and the early 20th century, whose work exemplifies the
artistic directions of the period, such as realism or naturalism, impressionism, symbolism, and expressionism. Several of
the artists represented were like Käthe Kollwitz members of the modernist movement Berlin Secession, including Ernst Barlach,
Max Klinger, Lovis Corinth, Emil Nolde, or Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Most extensively represented are Lovis Corinth, Otto Greiner,
Max Klinger, Wilhelm Leibl, Ludwig Meidner, Max Pechstein, Franz Skarbina, Max Slevogt, and Karl Stauffer-Bern. Present are
works by Emma Bormann, Lyonel Feininger, Walter Grammatté, George Grosz, Peter Halm, Karl Jakob Hirsch, Arthur Kampf, Melchior
Lechter, Wilhelm Leibl, Friedrich von Liphart, Hans Meid, Wilhelm Morgner, Rolf Nesch, Emil Orlik, Bernhard Pankok, Jules
Pascin, Ilya Repin, Christian Rohlfs, Rudolf Schlichter, Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, Franz von Stuck, Hans Thoma, Henri
de Toulouse-Lautrec, Albert Welti, and Heinrich Zille. Also included are works by artists from the late 18th and pre-modernist
19th century, including Daniel Chodowiecki, Jean-Baptiste Édouard Detaille, Carl Wilhelm Kolbe the Elder, and Alfred Rethel.
Background
Dr. Richard A. Simms is a renowned California-based art collector of prints and drawings by Käthe Kollwitz and other 19th
and 20th-century German artists. The online art newspaper ArtDaily reported in 2010: "Dr. Richard A. Simms is an internationally recognized collector of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century
German prints and drawings. At the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, he was chair of the Prints and Drawings Council and then
a member of the Board of Trustees for twelve years. He now serves as the inaugural chair of the Collections Council of the
Getty Research Institute." Dr. Simms acquired his art collection in Europe and the United States between 1973 and 2014, focusing
predominantly on individual prints and drawings as well as portfolios of prints and books illustrated with original graphics
by German artists from the mid-19th century until the end of World War II. His collecting interests extended also to French
artists from the 18th and 19th centuries; the Belgian artist James Ensor; and at the beginning of his collecting, early graphic
works by Dürer, Rembrandt, Goya, and Callot. Over the years, prints and drawings by Käthe Kollwitz became Dr. Simms's principal
passion, which he followed not only through intense study and acquisition of the often multiple states and impressions of
her works, but also by building a comprehensive private library of publications about Kollwitz and other artists of her time.
A decisive moment in the building of the Kollwitz collection came in 1978 with an acquisition from the artist's estate, which
had been inherited by her grandchildren. At once, Dr. Simms acquired 121 prints, including many Kollwitz herself advised her
family not to sell because of their rarity. This acquisition included early and unique impressions from her print series Ein Weberaufstand (Weaver's Revolt), Bauernkrieg (Peasants' War), Krieg (War), and Tod (Death); individual sheets such as self-portraits; and preparatory impressions for edition prints. From the same source, Dr. Simms
also acquired a large drawing related to the monumental print Gedenkblatt für Karl Liebknecht (In Memoriam Karl Liebknecht). In the 1980s, Dr. Simms continued to acquire important prints and significant drawings by Kollwitz at auction, such as
the early study for Kollwitz's narrative print Szene aus Germinal (Scene from Germinal) (1893). In the 1990s and 2000s, Dr. Simms continued to build the collection by adding rare proofs and state impressions,
including rare working proofs for the series Peasants' War. In 1992, about fifteen years after he began collecting Kollwitz, expert in German Expressionist art, Hildegard Bachert pointed
out, that Dr. Simms is "undoubtedly the most important Kollwitz collector in America today" and a collector who has a "… wide-ranging
feeling for humanistically oriented graphic art." The quotation comes from the catalogue for the first survey exhibition devoted
to Kollwitz in the United States. It was organized by the National Gallery of Art, which drew upon its own collection and
works borrowed from more than twenty private collectors and museums in United States and Europe, including Dr. Simms. With
over a hundred works on paper, the National Gallery of Art exhibition had a profound effect on Dr. Simms as it inspired him
to explore Kollwitz's working process by seeking to acquire multiple states, and printing and working proofs of her works
in order to provide comparative material that can enable scholars to explore how Kollwitz creates and changes the meaning
of her artistic vision through the technical processes of printmaking. Käthe Kollwitz was born on July 8, 1867 in Königsberg, Prussia, the fifth child of Karl and Katherina Schmidt. Her father
was a Social Democrat with strong socialist opinions opposing Otto von Bismarck's authoritarian government. Her mother was
the daughter of Julius Rupp, a Lutheran pastor who founded a congregation independent from state or church control, that advocated
freedom of conscience for its members. Kollwitz's upbringing was influenced by her family's liberal political, social, and
religious views. Encouraged by her father, Kollwitz began taking lessons in drawing as a teenager in Königsberg. In 1886,
she enrolled in a private art school for women in Berlin, where she took lessons from Karl Stauffer-Bern, who introduced her
to the etchings of Max Klinger. In 1888, at the age of twenty-one, she became engaged to Karl Kollwitz, a medical student
in Königsberg and a member of the Social Democrats. Despite her engagement, between 1888 and 1890 Kollwitz lived alone in
Munich and studied at the Damenakademie München, an art school for women, as in Germany art academies did not accept female
students until after World War I. In Munich she witnessed the breakthrough of naturalistic painting en plein air and took
an interest in literature and issues related to womens' rights. She produced drawings and prints inspired by Émil Zola's novel
Germinal. In 1891, Karl and Käthe married and settled in a working class neighborhood in Berlin, where Karl opened a medical practice
as one of the first physicians implementing a new social and medical insurance for workers, which was the first European system
of health insurance, raised from mandatory fees shared by the workers, the employers, and the state. They had two sons, Hans,
born in 1892; and Peter, born in 1896. In her artistic work Kollwitz focused initially on drawing and graphics. She engaged
in exploring various printing techniques, including etching, drypoint, aquatint, soft ground, woodcut and lithography; often
experimenting by mixing various techniques and using unconventional tools, such as sand paper or needle bundles. In later
years, she also turned to sculpture, while still producing graphic works. Inspired by Gerhard Hauptmann's naturalistic drama
Die Weber (The Weavers) based on the revolt of Silesian weavers in 1844 and first performed in Berlin in 1893, Kollwitz produced a series of etchings
and lithographs based on the weavers theme. The series was exhibited publicly in 1898 to wide acclaim, but when Adolf Menzel
nominated her work for the gold medal at the Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung in Berlin, Kaiser Wilhelm II withheld his approval.