Jump to Content

Collection Guide
Collection Title:
Collection Number:
Get Items:
Roy A. Anderson Papers: Finding Aid
mssAnderson papers  
View entire collection guide What's This?
Search this collection
 
 
Table of contents What's This?

Collection Contents

 

Lockheed Corporation

Box 1

Annual Reports; Clippings

Physical Description: 10 folders
Folder 1

Annual Reports. 1978, 1983, 1985, 1988

 

Clippings. 1957, 1960-1961, 1974-1979

Folder 2

Australia Visit. 1978, Apr.

Folder 3

Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Appointment. 1977, Aug.-Dec.

Folder 4

Corporate Restructuring (Folder 1 of 2). 1974-1979

Folder 5

Corporate Restructuring (Folder 2 of 2). 1974-1979

Folder 6

Financial Operations Improved Reporting System. 1960, Mar. 29

Folder 7

Lockheed Missile Systems Division (LMSD) Profile. 1957, Apr. 10

Folder 8

Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC) Director of Financial Operations Appointment. 1961, Sept. 19

Folder 9

Senior Vice President—Finance and Board of Directors Appointment. 1971, Aug.-Oct.

Folder 10

Vice President and Controller Appointment. 1969, Dec.

Box 2

Correspondence

Physical Description: 6 folders
 

Correspondence, chronological. 1967-1983, 1985, 1987-1988, 1993

Folder 1

Correspondence. 1967-1968

Folder 2

Correspondence. 1969-1970

Folder 3

Correspondence. 1971-1972

Folder 4

Correspondence. 1973-1975

Folder 5

Correspondence. 1976-1977

Folder 6

Correspondence. 1978-1983, 1985, 1987-1988, 1993

Box 3

Congratulatory correspondence.

Physical Description: 5 folders
 

Congratulatory. 1971, 1977-1978

Folder 1-3

Congratulatory. 1971

Folder 4-5

Congratulatory. 1977-1978

Box 4

Congratulatory correspondence (continued)

Physical Description: 5 folders
Folder 1-5

Congratulatory. 1977-1978

Box 5

Congratulatory correspondence (continued); C-5 Roll-Out; Employee handbooks and newsletters; Lockheed-Vega Star

Physical Description: 10 folders
 

Congratulatory (3 folders). 1977-1978, 1985

Folder 1-2

Congratulatory. 1977-1978

Folder 3

Congratulatory. 1985

 

C-5 Roll-Out. 1968

Folder 4

Clippings. 1968

Folder 5

Postal Service Commemoration. 1968, June

Folder 6

Program. 1968, Mar. 2

 

Employee Handbooks. 1946, n.d

Folder 7

Employee Handbook. 1946

Folder 8

Employee Information and Regulations, Edition 1. n.d.

 

Employee Newsletters. 1939, 1942-1944

Folder 9

Lockheed Star. 1939, Dec., 1944, Jan.-May

Folder 10

Lockheed-Vega Star. 1942, Jan.-Dec.

Box 6

Lockheed-Vega Star (continued); Miscellaneous; Oral Histories

Physical Description: 10 folders
Folder 1

Lockheed-Vega Star. 1943, Jan.-Dec.

 

Miscellaneous. 1951, 1953, 1977-1978, 1989-1990, 1995, n.d.

Folder 2

Certificate of Achievement, USAF/Lockheed SR-71. 1990, Mar. 6

Folder 3

Dinner Menu, Visit to New Zealand Prime Minister, Robert David Muldoon. 1978, Apr. 18

Folder 4

Pan American World Airways Promotional Drawings, Constellation and Boeing 747SP. 1977

Folder 5

Promotional Materials, Aircraft Descriptions and Images. n.d.

Folder 6

“Significant Lockheed Models (Brief Specifications),” Report Number 9374. 1953, Sept. 1

Folder 7

Special Meeting of Stockholders Announcement. 1995, Feb. 9

Folder 8

Stock Ownership Records, Chappellet, Cyril. 1951

Folder 9

Studieresa T5: Brochure. 1989

Folder 10

Oral Histories, Roy Blay Interviews of C. Hadden, V. Christan, W. Hawkins, VHS Tapes 3 and 5. Undated

Box 7

Photographs: Aircraft (A-Vega)

Physical Description: 51 folders
 

AH-56A Cheyenne. 1967, n.d.

Folder 1

AH-56A Cheyenne in Flight. n.d.

Folder 2

AH-56A Cheyenne Prepared for First Public Flight. 1967

 

Air Express. ca. 1928-1929

Folder 3

Air Express in Flight, NR-3057. ca. 1928

Folder 4

Air Express in Front of Hangar, NR-7955. ca. 1929

Folder 5

Altair in Hangar,. ca. 1930s

 

Curtiss HS-2L Flying Boat. 1918

Folder 6

Berton Rodman, Anthony Stadlman, Unidentified Man, Allan Lockheed, Jack Northrop, and Malcolm Lockheed in Pilot’s Seat of Curtiss HS-2L Flying Boat, Santa Barbara, California. 1918

Folder 7

Crowd at Launch Site of Curtiss HS-2L Flying Boat, Santa Barbara, California. 1918

 

C-5 Galaxy. 1979, n.d.

Folder 8

C-5 Factory Production. n.d.

Folder 9

C-5 in Flight. n.d.

Folder 10

C-5 Takes-Off. n.d.

Folder 11

C-5 Under Construction in Factory. n.d.

Folder 12

C-5 Wing Construction. 1979

 

C-130 Hercules. ca. 1991, n.d.

Folder 13

Black and White Camouflaged C-130 in Flight. n.d.

Folder 14

Marines KC-130R Refuels Two Aircraft in Flight. ca. 1991

 

Explorer. ca. 1928, 1929

Folder 15

“City of Tacoma” Explorer 4 on Runway, NR-856H. 1929

Folder 16

Unidentified Men Work on “Yankee Doodle” Explorer, NR-101-W. ca. 1928

 

F-1. ca. 1910s, 1918, ca. 1919

Folder 17

F-1 Seaplane in Flight. ca. 1919

Folder 18

F-1 on Ramp. ca. late 1910s

 

Allan Lockheed, Malcolm Lockheed, Roy Ledford, Dawson, Howard Miller, Harry Nichols, F.C. Smith, and Unidentified Members of Crew. ca. 1910s, 1918

Folder 19

Malcolm and Allan Lockheed in Cockpit of F-1. ca. 1910s

Folder 20

Two Unidentified Pilots in F-1a Welcomed by Small Group of Men and Women. 1918

 

L-188 Electra. 1960, n.d.

Folder 21

L-188 Electra Factory Production. 1960

Folder 22

L-188 Electra in Flight. n.d.

 

L-1011 Tristar. 1970, ca. 1978, ca. 1980s

Folder 23

British Airways L-1011-500 on Runway. ca. 1978

Folder 24

L-1011 Tristar in Flight. 1978, n.d.

Folder 25

L-1011 Tristar at Palmdale Dedication. 1970

Folder 26

Two Unidentified Pilots in Cockpit of L-1011 Tristar. ca. 1980s

Folder 27

L-2000 / Supersonic Transport (SST) in Wind Tunnel. 1966

 

Model G, 1913. ca. late 1910s

Folder 28

Billboard Advertisement for Model G Seaplane, Santa Barbara, California. ca. late 1910s

Folder 29

Kirkham Radiator Equipped Engine. ca. 1913

Folder 30

Model G Flies in Front of Steamship. 1913

Folder 31

Model G Flies Over San Francisco Bay, California. 1913

Folder 32

Model G Glides across Water with Steamships in Background. 1913

Folder 33

Model G on Launch Ramp. 1913

Folder 34

Unidentified Man and Woman Sit in Model G Seaplane, Santa Barbara, California. 1913

Folder 35

Olympic on Runway, X-962Y. ca. 1934-1935

 

Orion. 1931, 1947

Folder 36

Detroit News Orion on Runway, NC-799W. 1947

Folder 37

Unidentified Pilot in Varney Speed Lanes Model 9 Orion on Runway, NC-12225. 1931

Folder 38

P-3C Orion in Flight. 1982, n.d.

 

Sirius. ca. 1930

Folder 39

Lockheed Company Owned Sirius 8A in Field. ca. 1930

Folder 40

Model 8 Sirius Fitted with Pontoons in Flight, NR-211. ca. 1930

 

SR-71 Blackbird. ca. late 1960s

Folder 41

SR-71 Blackbird in Flight. ca. late 1960s

Folder 42

SR-71 Blackbird on Runway. ca. late 1960s

 

S-1. ca. 1918, n.d.

Folder 43

S-1 in Field with Folded Wings. ca. 1918

Folder 44

S-1 in Flight. ca. 1918

Folder 45

S-1 Sport Biplane Engine. ca. 1918

Folder 46

S-3 Viking Takes-Off from Aircraft Carrier. n.d.

 

U-2. ca. late 1950s

Folder 47

Unidentified Pilot Prepares to Fly U-2. ca. late 1950s

Folder 48

U-2 Lands on Aircraft Carrier. ca. late 1950s

Folder 49

U-2 on Runway of Naval Aircraft Carrier. ca. late 1950s

Folder 50

U-2 Takes-Off from Aircraft Carrier. ca. late 1950s

 

Vega. ca. late 1920s, ca. 1929-1936

Folder 51

Two Unidentified Men Stand in Front of Vegas, Models 1 and 5, ca. 1928-1930; Erle P. Halliburton and Unidentified Man Stand in Front of “The Tester” Vega 5, ca. 1928; U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules Rescue Aircraft, n.d. ca. 1928-1930; undated

Box 8

Photographs: Aircraft (Vega, continued-XP-900); Aircraft Accidents; Roy Anderson; C-K)

Physical Description: 51 folders
 

Aircraft (continued)

Folder 1

Unidentified Group Looks at Vega in Field. ca. late 1920s

Folder 2

Unidentified Men Push Vega 1 on to Dock, X-7439. ca. 1929-1936

Folder 3

Unidentified Men Work on Vega Model DL-1 / Y1C-12. ca. 1930- 1935

Folder 4

XP-900 in Field. 1931

 

Aircraft Accidents. 1911, 1918, 1929, n.d.

Folder 5

“City of Tacoma” Explorer 4 on Ground after Accident, NR-856H. 1929

Folder 6

F-1A Cracked Up in Arizona. 1918

Folder 7

Newspaper Article, “Aviator in Great Peril: Biplane Crashes Into Telegraph Wires and Machine is Total Wreck.” 1911

Folder 8

Unidentified Biplane Caught in Telegraph Wires. n.d.

Folder 9

Unidentified Biplane Wreckage in Field. n.d.

Folder 10

Unidentified Man with F-1 Flying Boat. ca. 1918

 

Anderson, Roy A. ca. 1950s, ca. 1970s, 1976, 1979

Folder 11

Bill Perriault, Roy A. Anderson, and Unidentified Man with Alpha Jet. 1979

Folder 12

Headshot. ca. 1970s

Folder 13

Ronald Handel, M. Walker Wallace, Roy A. Anderson, Thomas Martzloff Chat at Unidentified Leadership Conference. ca. 1971

Folder 14

Roy A. Anderson Greets Two Unidentified Men, Hong Kong. ca. late 1970s

Folder 15

Roy A. Anderson Sits at Head of Banquet Table. ca. 1950s

Folder 16

Roy A. Anderson Speaks with Three Unidentified Men over Tea, China. ca. late 1970s

Folder 17

Roy A. Anderson with Unidentified Others at L-1011 Tristar Factory. ca. 1972

Folder 18

Roy A. Anderson and Unidentified Others Stand in Front of Painting, China. ca. late 1970s

Folder 19

Visit to Cannes, France [20 photographs documenting flight aboard corporate airplane and Anderson with colleagues in France]. 1976

Folder 20

Chamberlain, Neville, Neville Chamberlain Disembarks Electra Model 10 1938

Folder 21

Chappellet, Cyril, Cyril Chappellet Receives Lockheed Employees Recreation Club (LERC) Recognition 1963

Folder 22

Christen, Harvey, Harvey Christen Stands in Front of Vega ca. 1930s

Folder 23

Crawford, Fred, Fred Crawford Speaks to Crowd in Front of Richfield Oil Vega, NC-4097 1928

 

Earhart, Amelia. 1935, ca. 1930s

Folder 24

Amelia Earhart and Frank Noonan Stand outside Aircraft ca. 1930s

Folder 25

Amelia Earhart and Three Unidentified Men Look at Olympic, X-962Y ca. 1930s

Folder 26

Amelia Earhart, Wiley Post, and Roscoe Turner with Pratt and Whitney Wasp Engine 1935

Folder 27

Executive Personnel, Lockheed Aircraft Corporation [Left to Right: Ronald King, Assistant Treasurer; Carl B. Squier, Vice President—Sales Manager; Lloyd Stearman, President; Robert Gross, Chairman of the Board and Treasurer; Cyril Chappellet, Secretary; and Hall Hibbard, Vice President and Assistant Chief Engineer]. 1934

 

Facilities ca. 1910s, 1928-1930, ca. late 1920s, ca. 1930s, ca. 1940s, n.d.

Folder 28

Jack Northrop Looks at Unidentified Aircraft in Early Factory ca. 1910s

Folder 29

Lockheed Aircraft Company, Burbank, Aerial View 1928

Folder 30

Pilot House n.d.

Folder 31

Santa Barbara, West Beach, Aerial View ca. 1940s

Folder 32

Unidentified Building ca. 1930s

 

Vega Airplane Company Factory. 1929-1930, ca. late 1920s

Folder 33

Anthony Stadlman, Jack Northrop, Jerry Vultee, Bill Henry, Unidentified Man and Allan Lockheed Discuss Blueprint around Vega Fuselage 1929

Folder 34

Employees in Factory [Left to Right: Carl Christophson, Howard Miller, Allan Lockheed, Unidentified Man, Alfred Holt, Malcolm Lockheed, Unidentified Man; Kneeling: Henry Nichols]. ca. late 1920s

Folder 35

Fuselage Production Area ca. late 1920s

Folder 36

Large Crowd Waits outside First Plant 1930

Folder 37

Monocoque Fuselage Concrete Mold ca. late 1920s

Folder 38

Static Load Test of Vega Wings ca. late 1920s

Folder 39

Two Unidentified Employees Display Fuselage Framework ca. late 1920s

Folder 40

Unidentified Men Examine Fuselage Construction ca. late 1920s

Folder 41

Unidentified Men Work on Monocoque Fuselage ca. late 1920s

Folder 42

Unfinished Vega in Factory ca. late 1920s

Folder 43

Goebel, Arthur, Arthur Goebel and Harry J. Tucker Stand in Front of “Yankee Doodle” Vega at Roosevelt Field, New York, X-4769 1927

 

Gross, Courtlandt S. ca. 1950s, ca. 1960s

Folder 44

Courtlandt S. Gross, Daniel Haughton, A. Carl Kotchian, and Robert E. Gross at Unidentified Event ca. 1960s

Folder 45

Headshot ca. 1950s

Folder 46

Gross, Robert E., Headshot ca. 1950s

 

Johnson, Clarence (Kelly) L. ca. late 1960s, ca. 1970s

Folder 47

Clarence (Kelly) L. Johnson Speaks to Roy A. Anderson, Wills M. Hawkins, and Two Unidentified Others at Lunch Meeting ca. 1970s

Folder 48

Clarence (Kelly) L. Johnson and SR-71 Blackbird ca. late 1960s

Folder 49

Kindelberger, James Howard “Dutch,” James Howard “Dutch” Kindelberger Shakes Hands with President Eisenhower 1953

 

Kitchen, Lawrence (Larry) O. 1977, 1985

Folder 50

Lawrence (Larry) O. Kitchen and Robert Haack Sign Hollywood- Burbank Airport Authority Organization Agreement 1977, June 21

Folder 51

Recognition Dinner Scrapbook 1985, Feb. 2

Box 9

Photographs (L-Z); Publications; Speeches

Physical Description: 51 folders
 

Lindbergh, Charles. 1930, ca. 1930s

Folder 1

Charles and Anne Lindbergh Fly in Sirius Followed by Vega. 1930

Folder 2

Charles and Anne Lindbergh Stand in Front of Sirius. 1930

Folder 3

Charles Lindbergh, Carl Squier, and Unidentified Men at Grand Central Airport, Glendale, California. ca. 1930s

Folder 4

Charles Lindbergh in Cockpit of Sirius Model 8. 1930

 

Lockheed, Allan. ca. late 1910s, n.d.

Folder 5

Allan Lockheed and Jack Hogan Stand in Front of Model G in Hangar. ca. late 1910s

Folder 6

Allan Lockheed in Model G Welcomed by Unidentified Woman and Military Men. n.d.

Folder 7

Allan Lockheed and Two Unidentified Men Stand in Front of Aircraft Propeller. n.d.

Folder 8

Allan Lockheed and Unidentified Man Stand in Front of Unidentified Aircraft. n.d.

Folder 9

Joe Crosson, Jerry Vultee, and Allan Lockheed Stand in Front of Unidentified Seaplane. n.d.

Folder 10

MacLaren, Mary, Mary MacLaren Poses in Front of S-1 Sport Biplane and San Francisco Civic Center. ca. 1920s

Folder 11

Mears, John Henry, John Henry Mears and Terrier Dog in “City of New York” Vega. ca. 1930

 

Miscellaneous. ca. 1910s, ca. 1928, ca. 1930s, ca. 1970s, n.d.

Folder 12

Air Express and Vega on Display at Unidentified Event. ca. 1928

Folder 13

Crowd and Motion Picture Cameras Observe Unidentified Aircraft. ca. late 1930s

Folder 14

Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI), Greece, Aerial View. ca. late 1970s

Folder 15

Large Group of Adults and Children Gather in Front of Unidentified Biplane. ca. 1910s

Folder 16

Three Unidentified Men Look at Lockheed Shipbuilding Books in Office. ca. 1970s

Folder 17

Two Unidentified Pilots in Unidentified Seaplane. n.d.

Folder 18

Unidentified Aircraft Lands in Snow-covered Field. ca. 1930s

Folder 19

Unidentified Group of Armed Men Stand in Front of Unidentified Biplane. ca. 1910s

Folder 20

Unidentified Man Pushes Unidentified Biplane. ca. 1910s

Folder 21

Unidentified Men Work on Unidentified Aircraft in Field. ca. 1930s

Folder 22

Unidentified Men Work on Unidentified Biplane in Front of Crowd. ca. 1910s

Folder 23

Unidentified Pilot in Cockpit. ca. 1910s

Folder 24

Unidentified Seaplane Brought onto Dock in Front of Crowd. ca. 1930s

Folder 25

Unidentified Woman in Unidentified Biplane. ca. 1910s

Folder 26

Nichols, Ruth, Ruth Nichols Stands in Front of Crosley Radio Corp Vega 5, NR-496M ca. 1930s

Folder 27

Post, Wiley, Navigator Harold Gatty and Wiley Post Stand in Front of “Winnie Mae” Vega. ca. 1930s

 

Published Materials. 1909, 1912-1913, ca. 1910s

Folder 28

Cover Image of Aeroplane Designing for Amateurs: A Plain Treatment of the Basic Principles of Flight Engineering— Including Heretofore Unpublished Facts Concerning Bird Flight and Aerodynamic Phenomena by Victor Lougheed, The Reilly and Britton Company, Chicago, Illinois. 1912

Folder 29

Cover Image of Vehicles of the Air: A Popular Exposition of Modern Aeronautics With Working Drawings by Victor Lougheed, The Reilly and Britton Company, Chicago, Illinois. 1909

Folder 30

Hall-Scott Advertisement ca. 1910s

Folder 31

Newspaper Article: “Aviator Flies Over Bay With Passenger: Three Flights at High Speed Show Qualities of New Hydro-aeroplane,” The San Francisco Call. 1913

 

Smith, Sir Charles Kingsford. ca. 1934

Folder 32

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith in Cockpit of “Lady Southern Cross” Altair. ca. 1934

Folder 33

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith Enters “Lady Southern Cross” Altair in Front of Crowd. ca. 1934

Folder 34

Stearman, Lloyd C., Lloyd C. Stearman, Lyndal Young, C.R. Smith, with Elizabeth Browning and Elliot Roosevelt in Front of British Airways Aircraf. 1933

 

Turner, Roscoe. 1931, ca. 1930s

Folder 35

Roscoe Turner, Allan Lockheed, and Two Unidentified Others at Air Terminal ca. 1930s

Folder 36

Roscoe Turner and Gilmore the Lion in Irvin Parachute outside Air Express 3, NR-3057 ca. 1930

Folder 37

Roscoe Turner Stands in Front of Air Express and Ford Automobile ca. 1930s

Folder 38

Roscoe Turner Stands in Front of Unidentified Aircraft ca. 1930s

Folder 39

Roscoe Turner Steps in to U.S. Navy Altair XRO-1a. 1931

 

Wilkins, Sir Hubert. 1928

Folder 40

Advertisement Featuring Image of Sir Hubert Wilkins in Cockpit and Pilot Carl Ben Eielson Next to Vega, X-3903. 1928

Folder 41

Sir Hubert Wilkins and Carl Ben Eielson Stand in Front of Richfield Oil Vega in Snow, X-3903. 1928

Folder 42

Sir Hubert Wilkins in Cockpit and Pilot Carl Ben Eielson Next to Vega, X-3903. 1928

 

Publications. ca. early 1960s, 1967, 1978, ca. 1980

Folder 43

A Look at Lockheed. 1978, Sept.

 

Lockheed Pathways to the Stars. ca. early 1960s, 1967

Folder 44

Seventh Edition. 1967, Aug.

Folder 45

Third Edition ca. early 1960s

Folder 46

Seven Decades of Aviation with Lockheed ca. 1980

 

Speeches. 1974, 1985, 1990

Folder 47

“A Current Assessment,” Lockheed Management Club (LMC), Monthly Dinner Meeting: Newsletter. 1974, Aug. 21

Folder 48

“Lockheed—A Current Perspective,” Lockheed Management Club (LMC): Advertisement. 1974, Feb. 21

Folder 49

“Lockheed—A Current Perspective,” Lockheed Management Club (LMC), Corporate Night, Monthly Dinner Meeting: Advertisement, Newsletter. 1974, Jan. 17

Folder 50

National Management Association, Lockheed MSC Bay Area Chapter, Monthly Dinner Meeting: Newsletter. 1974, Mar. 20

Folder 51

“Upon Roy Anderson’s Retirement from the Stanford Board” by Peter Bing, 1990, Dec.; Correspondence, Draft; Year-End Performance Review (YEPR) Concluding Remarks: Draft, 1985. 1985, 1990

 

Personal

Box 10

Physical Description: 19 folders
 

Awards. 1975, 1984, 1986, 1988

Folder 1

California Manufacturers Association, Manufacturer of the Year: Awards Luncheon Brochure. 1984, Nov. 2

Folder 2

Harvard Business School Association, Statesman of the Year: Awards Dinner Brochure. 1986, Apr. 15

Folder 3

Hugh O’Brian Youth Foundation, Leadership Award: Awards Dinner Brochure. 1988, Nov. 16

Folder 4

Stanford University Annual Fund Council, Gold Spike Award: Brochure, Clipping. 1975

Folder 5

Biographical Information. 1987, 1992

 

Clippings. 1951, 1957, 1960, 1973, 1978-1979, 1984

Folder 6

Ampex Corporation, Manager of Finance Division Appointment. 1960

Folder 7

California Manufacturers Association, Manufacturer of the Year. 1984, Nov. 4

Folder 8

“Executive Memories: My Summer Job.” 1979, June 10

Folder 9

National Association of Cost Accountants (NACA), Los Angeles Chapter Honor. 1957, Apr. 28

Folder 10

Stanford Annual Fund, National Chairman Appointment. 1973, June-Aug.

Folder 11

Sutro Mortgage Investment Trust, Trustee Appointment. 1973, Apr.-May

Folder 12

United States Navy Graduation. 1951, Apr. 12

Folder 13

United Way Campaign Chairman. 1978, Oct. 19

 

Correspondence, United States Navy. 1957

 

Miscellaneous. 1958, 1978

Folder 15

Alfalfa Club Dinner, Sixty-Fifth Anniversary, Program. 1978

Folder 16

National Association of Accountants (N.A.A.), Notice of Annual Meeting and Report of the Nominating Committee. 1958, May

 

Speeches. 1954, 1957, 1990

Folder 17

National Association of Cost Accountants (NACA), Peninsula-San Jose Chapter Meeting: Newsletter, Program. 1957, June 20

Folder 18

National Association of Cost Accountants (NACA), San Francisco Chapter Meeting: Newsletter, Program. 1954, Nov. 23

Folder 19

“Upon Roy Anderson’s Retirement from the Stanford Board” by Peter Bing: Correspondence, Draft. 1990, Dec.