UCLA Neuroscience History Archives Oral History Collection Biomed.0415
Finding aid prepared by UCLA Biomedical Library staff, 2015.
UCLA Library Special Collections
Online finding aid last updated 2020 December 1.
Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library
Box 951575
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575
spec-coll@library.ucla.edu
Contributing Institution:
UCLA Library Special Collections
Title: UCLA Neuroscience History Archives Oral History Collection
Creator:
Marshall, Louise H. (Louise Hanson)
Identifier/Call Number: Biomed.0415
Physical Description:
9.8 Linear Feet
(2 boxes, 9 cartons)
Date (inclusive): circa 1980-2000
Language of Material: Materials are primarily in English.
Unprocessed collection. Material is unavailable for access. Please contact Special Collections reference (spec-coll@library.ucla.edu)
for more information.
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
CONTAINS UNPROCESSED AUDIO MATERIALS: Audio materials are not currently available for access and will require further processing
and assessment. If you have questions about this material please email spec-coll@library.ucla.edu.
Collections are processed to a variety of levels depending on the work necessary to make them usable, their perceived user
interest and research value, availability of staff and resources, and competing priorities. Library Special Collections provides
a standard level of preservation and access for all collections and, when time and resources permit, conducts more intensive
processing. These materials have been arranged and described according to national and local standards and best practices.
Processed by UCLA Biomedical Library staff, 2015.
UCLA Catalog Record ID:
8013260
Collection contains interview transcripts and recordings from oral history interviews with staff of the Los Angeles Early
School of Neurology and UCLA Brain Research Institute, as well as contributors to the development of neuroscience.
Los Angeles Early School of Neurology. Series 1.
A major incentive for interviewing these thirteen individuals was to gather material specific to the local history of the
development of neurology, with a major focus being the Southern California development of split-brain surgery in humans as
a treatment for epilepsy, and the ensuing progress in the study of brain lateralization. Some of this material was utilized
in an exhibit the Neuroscience History Resource Project at UCLA displayed at the 1985 annual meeting of the American Academy
of Neurology in San Diego, California.
Alphabetical by name of interviewee
Amyes, Edwin W. , MD, oral history interview (January 14, 1981). Subseries 1.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Faculty Club with Drs. John French, Horace Magoun, Dr. Louise Marshall, Ynez O'Neill,
and Frances Brewer in attendance, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Amyes (1921-2014) a neurosurgeon with psychiatric training, provided valuable information and insight about the development
of neurology and neurosurgery in Los Angeles. He graduated from Loma Linda University College of Adventist Medial Evangelists
in 1943, and during his internship, residency, and practice as surgeon and teacher interacted with the major figures developing
the neurosciences in the area.
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Edwin W. Amyes oral history interview: correspondence. 1981-1983
Bogen, Joseph E., MD, oral history interview (June 6, August 22, October 12, 1981). Subseries 2.
Physical Description: 4 folders
The first interview took place at the Ross-Loos Clinic, Pasadena, with Louise Marshall and Frances Brewer; the second interview
took place at the New Hope Pain Center, Alhambra, with Dr. Louise Marshall and Frances Brewer; the third interview was an
after-dinner conversation (unspecified location) with Glenda Bogen, H.W. Magoun, Evelyn Satinoff (Mrs. Philip Teitlebaum),
Frances Brewer, and Richard Brewer. These were recorded on six audiocassette tapes (ca. 6 hrs).
Dr. Bogen (1926-2005) was a man with broad interests and experience -- neurophysiology, neuropsychology, psychiatry, philosophy
of mind, and neurosurgery, in which he became Board certified; he called himself a neuroeclectic. During his long service
at Caltech and White Memorial Hospital he made crucial contributions to the development of commissurotomy as a treatment for
some types of epilepsy, and furthered research in brain lateralization. In 1981 he moved to the New Hope Pain Center at Alhambra
Community Hospital, to apply his broad experience to the study of pain. Later his interest shifted to exploring theories of
consciousness and its localization in the brain. Dr. Bogen taught at Caltech, USC, and UCLA.
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Gazzaniga, Michael S., PhD, oral history interview (October 21, 1981). Subseries 3.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center during a meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, was conducted
the Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs).
Dr. Gazzaniga (1939- ), professor of psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is Director of its SAGE Center
for the Study of the Mind. As a Ph.D. student in psychobiology under Roger Sperry at California Institute of Technology (Caltech),
he participated in the original studies of brain function and lateralization in split brain patients. He continued these inquiries
throughout his subsequent career and has made major advances in understanding of functional lateralization in the brain and
the communication between cerebral hemispheres. Dr. Gazzaniga is one of six founders of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society,
and is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Academy of Sciences.
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Michael S. Gazzaniga oral history interview: correspondence. 1982-1986
Ingham, Harrington Vose, MD, oral history interview (December 15, 1981). Subseries 4.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Center for Health Sciences, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on one
audiocassette tape (ca. 0.75 hrs.).
Dr. Harrington Ingham (1914-1995), a psychiatrist, received his MD from the University of Southern California, went east for
a neurological residency at Bellevue Hospital, New York, and then for psychiatric residencies at Bellevue and the Psychiatric
Institute of Columbia University. He returned to Los Angeles after his World War II service where, in 1955, he and his co-author
Joseph Luft devised a new cognitive psychology tool, the "Johari Window", for elucidating an individual's personality and
relationships. At the time of this interview, Dr. Ingham was the Director of the Student Mental Health Clinic at UCLA. The
interview focused largely on Dr. Samuel D. Ingham (1876-1966), Harrington's Ingham's father, an important neurologist in early
20th century Los Angeles neuroscience, and on Samuel Ingham's associates, Drs. Johannes Nielsen and Carl Rand.
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Mann, Leslie B., MD, oral history interview (February 3, 1982). Subseries 5.
The interview took place in Dr. Mann's office at White Memorial Hospital, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall and Frances
Brewer, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Mann received his MD from Loma Linda School of Medicine in 1944, interned at L.A. County Hospital, and then entered the
Army Medical Corps. After his discharge he returned to become a Fellow at the Los Angeles Institute of Neurological Diseases
and a resident at White Memorial Hospital. He was asked to stay on at White Memorial, where he became Director of the Epilepsy
Clinic and there had a patient with uncontrollable seizures that progressed from the left to the right side of the brain (patient
W.J.). Dr. Mann had heard Roger Sperry speak about his commisurotomies on monkeys, and in conversations about W.J. with Dr.
Philip Vogel (Chief of Neurosurgery) and Dr. Joseph Bogen (Vogel's resident), they decided that a similar operation might
limit the seizures to one side. During this interview Dr. Mann recounts his memories of this important case, and also of the
people spurring the postwar growth of neuroscience in Southern California.
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Moes, Robert, MD, oral history interview (October 7, 1981). Subseries 6.
The interview took place at Dr. Moes' home, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca.
0.75 hrs.).
Dr. Robert Moes (1905-1988) received his MD from the University of Nebraska in 1929, interned at California Hospital, Los
Angeles, and began a long and distinguished career as a general surgeon, specializing in trauma surgery. He served the city
of Los Angeles as Assistant Police Surgeon and Chief of the Emergency Medical Service. At California Hospital he was a senior
on the Surgical Staff and a member of the Executive Medical Board. Beyond surgery, he also loved the history of medicine and
collecting its important books, which led to many years as a Lecturer in Medical History at the UCLA School of Medicine. In
this interview he reminisces about many major local figures in neurosurgery and medical history.
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Myers, Ronald E., MD, PhD, oral history interview (April 22, 1982). Subseries 7.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Myers' office at the Veterans Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Ronald E. Myers (1929- ) received his PhD in Anatomy under Roger Sperry in 1955 and an MD, 1956, at the University of
Chicago. During three years in the Army Medical Corps at Walter Reed, and then as a neurology resident at Johns Hopkins, he
continued his research into corpus callosum function. At the end of his training he broadened his interest and experience
to human neuropathology. The next turn in his full career brought him to the primate colony on the Puerto Rican island of
Cayo Santiago, under Dr. William F. Windle of the NINDB, where he studied the effects of perinatal brain injury in rhesus
monkeys. The interview discusses the Sperry/split brain, and the Puerto Rico/perinatal brain periods in some detail.
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Rand, Robert W., MD, oral history interview (January 28, 1981) . Subseries 8.
Physical Description: 3 folders
Place of the interview not indicated. The interview was conducted by Frances Brewer and recorded on two audiocassette tapes
(ca. 2 hrs.) (NOTE: TAPES UNAVAILABLE)
Dr. Robert W. Rand (1923-2013) followed his renowned father, Carl W. Rand, into neurosurgery, and became an internationally
respected practitioner who introduced or furthered the innovative techniques of microneurosurgery, cryosurgery, thermomagnetic
surgery, the gamma knife, and immunotherapy. In 1995 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the International College
of Surgeons. This interview is focused almost completely on his relationship with the anatomist Dr. Elizabeth Carolyne Crosby
(1888-1983), his mentor and life-long friend.
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Robert W. Rand oral history interview: correspondence, background material.
Sperry, Roger Wolcott, PhD, oral history interview (April 30, 1981). Subseries 9.
Physical Description: 4 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Sperry's office at the California Institute of Technology, was conducted by Frances Brewer
and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.)
Dr. Roger Wolcott Sperry (1913-1994) was one of three neuroscientists to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology & Medicine
in 1981. He was recognized for his research on hemispheric specialization in split brain animals and humans, which he undertook
at the California Institute of Technology from 1954 on, with a number of students and colleagues - including J. Bogen, M.
Gazzaniga, P. Vogel, L. Mann, K. Van Hagen, and E. Ziskind - whose interviews are all included in this oral history collection.
The interview focuses mainly on the period of the years of the split brain studies.
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Roger W. Sperry oral history interview: correspondence between Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga. 1982-1983
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Roger W. Sperry oral history interview: correspondence, background material.
Thompson, George N., MD, oral history interview (May 26, 1982, June 2, 1982). Subseries 10.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Thompson's office in Los Angeles, was conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2.5 hrs.).
Dr. George Newton Thompson (1909-1991) combined a practice in psychiatry with exploration of the biological substrate of psychiatry.
When asked in this interview about his most important research he replied "cerebral localization of consciousness" and "electroencephalographic
studies of criminal behavior". Dr. Thompson and his mentor and friend, Johannes Nielsen, founded the Society for Biological
Psychiatry in 1944 as a forum for likeminded practitioners.
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Vogel, Philip J., MD, oral history interview (December 16, 1981). Subseries 11.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Vogel's home in Pasadena, CA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on two audiocassette
tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Dr. Philip J. Vogel (1906-2001) received his MD from the College of Medical Evangelists, Loma Linda in 1934 and entered clinical
practice for six years. During this time he regularly interacted with Dr. C.B. Courville, his medical school neuroanatomy
professor, who steered him towards a neurosurgery residency. In 1943 Dr. Vogel entered the Army and was sent to New Guinea,
the only neurosurgeon in a vast area. Upon his return to the States he joined Dr. Courville as a partner in private practice
and a colleague at Loma Linda University, the White Memorial Hospital, and the L.A. County Hospital. When Drs. Bogen and Mann
from these institutions and Dr. Sperry from Caltech first began discussions about a possible surgical treatment for Dr. Mann's
epileptic patient W.J., they quickly included Dr. Vogel. He, with the assistance of Bogen did the first complete neocommissural
section of a human brain, a procedure which helped a series of epileptic patients and which also opened a whole important
area of research on lateral functions of the brain.
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Philip J. Vogel oral history interview: correspondence and c.v.
Von Hagen, Karl Otto, MD, oral history interview (September 30, 1981). Subseries 12.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Von Hagen's home in Santa Barbara, California, was conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise
Marshall, and was recorded one two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.)
Dr. Karl O. Von Hagen (1905-1995) became a neurologist when he joined the consulting practice of Drs. Samuel Ingham and J.B.
Nielsen in Los Angeles. He had been interested in neurology when earning his BA in psychology at UCLA and an MD from Northwestern
University, and had spent a two-year internship at Los Angeles County Hospital with the last three months in Neurology; there
he came to the attention of these two eminent gentlemen. After his internship he earned a living as an industrial surgeon
for a few years in Indio, California, but maintained his connection with the Los Angeles neurological scene by driving down
once a month to attend the Thursday night neurological conferences attended by such luminaries as C. Courville, S. Ingham,
J.M. Nielsen, C. Rand and R. Raney. Dr. Von Hagen reminisces about these exciting early days of the 1930s and 1940s, and the
intellectual milieu which led to the split-brain studies of the 1960s.
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Karl Otto Von Hagen oral history interview: correspondence, background material.
Ziskind, Eugene, MD, oral history interview (August 12 and 19, 1981, April 15, 1982). Subseries 13.
Physical Description: 5 folders
The first two parts of the interview took place in Dr. Ziskind's office in Los Angeles, the third part in Dr. Horace Magoun's
office at UCLA. The interview was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on four audiocassette tapes (ca. 4 hrs.).
In his long and distinguished career, Dr. Eugene Ziskind (1900-1993) with his wife Dr. Esther Somerfeld-Ziskind observed and
influenced the development of both neurology and psychiatry in Los Angeles. In this interview he discusses the joined/split/
joined attitudes towards the two specialities, and the influence of psychoanalysis on their history. He received his MD from
Rush Medical College in 1924, and became the first appointee in the new neurology residency program at Los Angeles County
Hospital in 1926. His mentor was Dr. Leon Meyers, and he associated with other significant neurologists such as Carl Rand,
J.M. Nielsen, S. Ingham and Cyrus Courville. He participated in the renowned Thursday night neurology conferences and Courville's
brain cutting sessions. In 1932, he joined Dr. Stanley Cobb's group in Boston as a volunteer for five months for extra training
in neuropathology. Upon his return from Boston he established clinics for convulsive disorders and for neurosyphilis at LA
County Hospital. Dr. Ziskind's career always included clinical practice, research into the biological causes of mental illness,
and teaching.
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Eugene Ziskind oral history interview: background material. 1976
Mathew Ross tape transcripts: two versions of a manuscript titled "The changing scene of psychiatry in the Los Angeles area
for the past 50 years", by Dr. Ziskind, produced to answer Dr. Ross' request for help with a history of psychiatry in Southern
California; cover letters
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Eugene Ziskind oral history interview: correspondence and background material.
photocopy from Cedars-Sinai Medical Staff bulletin, 12/1980 of article by Drs. Esther Somerfeld [Mrs. Eugene Ziskind] and
Eugene Ziskind: "50 years of residency training, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry"; vignettes by Dr. Ziskind on J.M.
Nielsen, I. Leon Meyers, Cyril Courville and a note on Dr. Verne Mason; typed manuscript titled "The Psychology Department
and Laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles", with ink initials ES in the corner - perhaps written by Dr. Esther
Somerfeld; letters; photographs of Dr. Ziskind; his bibliography as of 1981
Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Series 2.
The individuals interviewed were all movers or participants in the gestation, growth, and maintenace of the UCLA Brain Research
Institute, from its days in temporary laboratories at the Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, to the actual establishment
of the Institute and its building, and some later developments.
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Adey, W. Ross, MD, oral history interview (October 16, 1981). Subseries 2.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the Los Angeles Convention Center, during a Society for Neuroscience meeting, was conducted by
Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. William Ross Adey (1922-2004) was born in Adelaide, Australia. Extremely intelligent, he rushed through his education,
finishing high school at age 14 and receiving Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery from the University of Adelaide by age 21.
After a stint in the Australian Navy during World War II he returned to that University for a Doctorate in Medicine, followed
by a fellowship at Oxford where he focused on study of the limbic system. A Rockefeller fellowship brought him to the United
States in 1951 where, on his way back to Australia, he connected with Horace Magoun who had just left Chicago to join the
new medical school at UCLA. Adey spent one year at UCLA in 1954, and then returned in 1957 for 20 more years. He was a founding
member of the UCLA Brain Research Institute, and in 1961 became the Director of the UCLA Space Biology Laboratory, where Adey's
childhood interest in electronics and astronomy could merge perfectly. His team trained and tested the first U.S. primate
to orbit in space in Biosatellite III. In 1977 Dr. Adey moved his laboratory to Loma Linda University, where he increasingly
focused on the study of the effects of weak electromagnetic fields on brain function. Ross Adey served on four panels of the
President's Science Advisiory Committee and on the Telecommunications Panel of the National Academy of Engineering. He consulted
for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, NASA, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, and the
Veterans Administration. He was named a Distinguished Professor of the Royal Society of Medicine, and was a recipient of the
D'Arsonval Medal and the Hans Selye Award.
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Bridgman, Charles Floyd, PhD, oral history interview (October 21, 1981). Subseries 3.
Physical Description: 1 folders
place of interview not indicated; interviewers were Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall; recorded on two audiocassette
tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.)
Dr. Bridgman (1923-1994) was a medical illustrator/anatomist who earned an AB in Bacteriology and MA and PhD degrees in Anatomy,
all from UCLA. He also was granted a Certificate in Medical Illustration by the University of Illinois College of Medicine,
and held a postdoctoral fellowship in Medical Communication at the University of Kansas Medical School. His career included
medical illustration, teaching, and biomedical research at the Los Angeles and San Diego Medical Schools, from 1952 to 1970;
in 1970 he became Director of the National Library of Medicine's National Medical Audiovisual Center, Atlanta, Georgia. As
digital technology advanced, Dr. Bridgman developed new instructional and self-instruction media for teaching neuroscience.
The interview centers exclusively on his UCLA years as illustrator and faculty member, 1952-1956.
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Buchwald, Nathaniel, PhD, oral history interview (February 7, 1983). Subseries 4.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Buchwald's office at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on one audiocassette
tapes (ca. 0.5 hrs.).
Dr. Nathaniel Buchwald (1924-2006) received a PhD in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology from the University of Minnesota in
1953. After four years research and teaching at Tulane University, he joined the nascent UCLA Brain Research Institute group,
who was then working under Drs. Horace Magoun and Jack French's leadership, in Long Beach, California, and he stayed with
UCLA for forty years. Dr. Buchwald did pioneering research into the functions of the basal ganglia, and developmental and
mental disabilities in animals and humans. He also served as Director of the UCLA Mental Retardation Research Center from
1973-1993. His short interview is mostly focused on his activities and impressions of the early UCLA years.
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Nathaniel Buchwald oral history interview: background material. 1980
Bullock, Theodore Holmes, PhD, oral history interview (August 12, 1980). Subseries 5.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Bullock's office at the Scripps Insitute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, was conducted
by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Theodore H. Bullock (1915-2005) expanded his childhood hobby of collecting sea shells and small marine invertebrates into
a world-renowned career in neurobiology and neuroethology. After a PhD in zoology from the University of California, Berkely
in 1940, he spent four postdoctoral years in zoology and neuroanatomy at Yale, with summers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution in Massachusetts. In 1946 he joined the Zoology faculty at UCLA and remained there for twenty years. He then moved
on to the University of California, San Diego where he founded the Department of Neuroscience and directed the Neurobiology
Unit of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography. Dr. Bullock made major contributions to the developments of the Society of
Neuroscience and of IBRO (International Brain Research Organization). In the interview he retails events (Dr. Bullock was
instrumental in bringing Dr. Horace Magoun to UCLA) and attitudes about the evolution of the new School of Medicine, and later,
the Brain Research Institute.
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Buser, Pierre, DSc, oral history interview (April 2, 1982). Subseries 6.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Lausanne, Switzerland, during the First IBRO Congress, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 0.5 hrs.)
Dr. Pierre Buser (1921-2013) received his DSc from the Faculté des Sciences Paris in 1953 for work done in Alfred Fessard's
laboratory and the Institut Marey, Paris. Soon thereafter he joined Dr. Horace Magoun's group in Long Beach, California to
learn stereotaxic techniques for his further extensive research at the University of Paris. In the interview Dr. Buser recalls
his education, early research, and his impressions of his first American visit.
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Clemente, Carmine D., PhD, oral history interview (April 16, 1977), (February 12, 1981, July 8, 1981). Subseries 7.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The first tape was recorded after dinner at the home of Louise Campbell, with Mrs. Campbell, her daughter Linda, Julie and
Dr. Carmine Clemente, and Dr. Louise Marshall present (one audiocassette tape, ca. 0.5 hrs.). The oral history interview took
place in Dr. Clemente's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recoded on 5
audiocassette tapes (ca. 5 hrs.).
Dr. Carmine Clemente (1928- ) joined the brand new UCLA School of Medicine as an Instructor in Anatomy in 1952 immediately
after receiving his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania, and he has been affiliated with UCLA ever since. After a year
of post-doctoral work at University College, London, he returned in 1954 as an Assistant Professor and by 1964 had advanced
to the rank of Professor and Chairman of the Department. From 1976 to 1987 he served as Director of the UCLA Brain Research
Institute, and since his retirement in 1994 he holds the title of Emeritus Professor in Neurobiology. For his research, focused
mainly on CNS neural regeneration especially in the spinal cord, and on the central control of visceral functions such as
wakefulness and sleep onset, he has garnered a plethora of awards, prizes, and medals. His teaching has been equally renowned,
especially among the hundreds of medical students who have been privileged to attend his Anatomy 101 classes. He has also
contributed the renowned "Atlas of Human Anatomy" to medical education, as well as several revised editions of "Gray's Anatomy,
and many teaching films and videos. He is a member of, and has been honored by, most of the world's anatomical societies.
In his interview Dr. Clemente discusses many aspects of this remarkable career.
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Crandall, Paul Herbert, MD, oral history interview (June 6, 1981). Subseries 8.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Crandall's office in the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer,
and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.)
Dr. Paul Crandall (1923-2012) received his MD from the University of Vermont in 1946. Steered towards neurosurgery by an older
brother who was a general surgeon, Dr. Crandall did his residency at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute (1952-1954),
interacting with Percival Bailey, F. and A. Gibbs, W. McCulloch, and Paul Bucy. In 1954 he moved to UCLA where he co-founded
the Division (later Department) of Neursurgery and pioneered surgical treatments of Parkinsonism and especially epilepsy.
He was the first to do long-term EEG depth recordings in humans during spontaneous seizures, the first to perform EEG telemetry
on patients with epilepsy, and the first to perform prolonged single brain cells in such patients. Dr. Crandall retired in
1988. In his interview he comments on and describes the remarkable milieu and facilities at UCLA which enabled exciting and
fruitful joint projects between clinical and basic neuroscientists.
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Darling, Louise, MA, oral history interview ( November 19, 1980, February 11, 1981). Subseries 9.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in the UCLA Biomedical Library, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and recorded on two audiocassette
tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Louise Darling (1911-1999) established the UCLA Biomedical Library in 1947 and developed it into one of the country's top
ranked medical libraries until her retirement in 1978. She received an MA in botany (1935), and a certificate in librarianship
(1936) from the University of California, Berkeley. From 1944 to 1957 Miss Darling was with the U.S. Army Library Service
in the Philippines, from where she was asked to return to UCLA to set up a new library to serve both the life and health sciences
departments; such a multidisciplinary approach was a rare concept at the time. She built up an outstanding collection of materials
to support teaching, research, and clinical practice in many disciplines, and pioneered the use of computers for library operations.
One of her great strengths was to recruit and then encourage outstanding people for her staff, and then unselfishly let them
go to high-level positions in libraries across the country. Her vision, accomplishments and dedication were honored by renaming
the Biomedical Library after her in 1987. The interview covers the early days of the UCLA School of Medicine, development
of the Biomedical Library.
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Eastman, Lillas oral history interview (January 27, 1977) Subseries 10.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one
audiocassette tape.
Lillas Eastman (1908-1977) joined the UCLA Department of Anatomy in 1951 as an administrative assistant, while the department
was still housed in the original Quonset hut. She took part in the development of the School of Medicine and the first meetings
that planned the creation of the Brain Research Institute. In 1957 she left the campus to administer the University of California
Conference Center at Lake Arrowhead. The interview centers on the atmosphere of the early days of the School of Medicine and
the Brain Research Institute.
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Lillas Eastman oral history interview: transcript drafts.
Eiduson, Samuel, PhD, oral history interview (February 24, 1981, March 3, 1981, March 17, 1981). Subseries 11.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Eiduson's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and
was recorded on three audiocassette tapes (ca. 3 hrs.)
Dr. Samuel Eiduson (1908-2007) received a BA in chemistry in 1947, after some years of military service, and a PhD in biochemistry
in 1952, both from UCLA. He focused on biochemistry of the brain, setting up a neurobiochemistry laboratory at the Brentwood
Veterans Administration Neuropsychiatric Hospital, where he cooperated on some projects with UCLA scientists. In 1961 he joined
the UCLA faculty on a full-time basis. Appointments to the NIMH Committee on Career Research Scientist Development Award Program,
and its Biological Sciences Training Review committee fueled his interest in the education of scientists and led to his appointments
as Executive Director of the Mental Health Training Program at UCLA, the first Associate Director for Education in the Brain
Research Institute, and a year later the first Chairman of the Interdepartmental Neuroscience PhD program at UCLA.
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Eldred, Earl, MD, oral history interview (September 15, 1982). Subseries 12.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Eldred's office at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on one audiocassette
tape (ca. 1 hr.)
Dr. Earl Eldred (1919- ) entered graduate school at Northwestern University after earning a degree in zoology from the University
of Washington, but was called up for army service almost immediately. After almost five years as an officer he returned to
Northwestern as a student to the medical school. Under the influence of Dr. Ray Snider, who was working on the cerebellum,
Eldred's interest shifted to brain research. He received his MD, and an MA in anatomy, from Northwestern in 1950. There he
also met Dr. Horace Magoun, who in 1951 asked him to join the newly forming anatomy faculty of the UCLA School of Medicine,
and later the founding members of the UCLA Brain Research Institute.
box 2, folder 13
box 2, folder 14
Estrin, Thelma, PhD, oral history interview (April 9, 1981, May 9, 1981. Subseries 13.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Estrin's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute and her home in Westwood, was conducted
by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on three audiocassette tapes (ca. 3 hrs.).
Dr. Thelma Estrin (1924-2014) began her higher education at City College of New York, where she met and married her husband,
Gerald Estrin, in 1941. He soon joined the Army and was sent to radio operator school, while she took a short engineering
assistants course and went to work as an engineering assistant radio mechanic in a commercial firm. After the war both Estrins
decided on an electrical engineering career and went to the University of Wisconsin for BS and MS degrees, and PhDs awarded
in 1950 and 1951. Thelma Estrin next obtained a research position in the EEG Department of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center,
New York, where she first became involved in applying biomedical engineering to brain research. The Estrins came to UCLA in
1960 and Dr. T. Estrin became affiliated with the Brain Research Institute. A year later she launched BRI's Data Processing
Laboratory, one of the first interdisciplinary laboratories dedicated to creating and applying computing to neurological research;
she served as the unit's director from 1970 to 1980. Then she moved to the Computer Science Department, School of Engineering
as a professor in residence. In 1982-1984 she served as director of the National Science Foundation Division of Electrical,
Computing, and System Engineering, and in 1984-1989 as the Assistant Dean for Continuing Education and also the Director of
Engineering and Science Extension at UCLA. Dr. Estrin received many awards and honors not only for her technical achievements,
but also for her ongoing efforts to promote women's careers in engineering and science.
box 2, folder 15
box 2, folder 16
box 2, folder 17
Thelma Estrin oral history interview: correspondence and background material.
box 2, folder 18
Thelma Estrin oral history interview: correspondence with M.A.B. Brazier. 1960-1972
French, John Douglas, MD, oral history interview (April 15, 1980, May 6, 1980, May 13, 1980). Subseries 14.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place in Dr. French's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. John D. French (1911-1989), generally known as Jack, was widely respected as a neurosurgeon and brain researcher, and
internationally know as the co-founder and first director of the UCLA Brain Research Institute. After an MD from the University
of Southern California (1937) and an internship at the University of California, San Francisco, he went for surgery training
to Strong Memorial Hospital, University of Rochester. There he rose to chief resident surgeon, and during the war years became
acting head of neurosurgery. In 1947 he spent a year of research with Percival Bailey at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute,
and there became acquainted with Dr. Horace Magoun. From 1948 to 1959 Dr. French was chief of neurosurgery and later also
neurology at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Long Beach, California, and a clinical professor at UCLA. He was instrumental
in obtaining laboratory space on the VA grounds for Dr. Magoun and the latter's growing UCLA anatomy faculty, whose new medical
school building was as yet nonexistent, and happily became an active participant in the research. This group was so productive
that it quickly was recognized as a leading center for brain research, and became the nucleus for formation of the interdisciplinary
UCLA Brain Research Institute. It took nine years of planning and pushing to achieve Institute status, but Drs. Magoun and
French finally achieved their goal in 1959, and Dr. French was named as director. This interview covers the relevant years.
box 2, folder 19
Fuster, Joaquin M., MD, PhD, oral history interview (winter 1981). Subseries 15.
Physical Description: 2 folders
Place of interview not specified; interview conducted by Joyce Fried, and recorded on one audiocassette (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Joachin M. Fuster (1930- ), Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience
& Human Behavior, was born into a family heavily loaded with physicians, so naturally went to medical school and received
his MD from the University of Barcelona in 1953. A year of psychiatry residency in Barcelona was followed by another in Innsbruck,
Austria, where reading Dr. Horace Magoun's papers on the reticular formation first turned his interest to the possible neural
substrates of behavior. He obtained a Del Amo Foundation fellowship in 1956 to come to UCLA for two years, and his research
resulted in the first evidence that the reticular activating system modulates selective visual attention (Science, 1958).
Dr. Fuster decided to stay in the United States at UCLA, except for two years as a visiting scientist at the Max-Planck Institute
for Psychiatry, Munich, with Dr. Otto Creutzfeld. In 1967 he received a PhD from the University of Granada. The interview
focuses on Dr. Fuster's education and research.
box 2, folder 21
Hall, Victor E., MD, oral history interview (July 10, 1980, July 15, 1980, July 22, 1980, July 29, 1980). Subseries 16.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Hall's office at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on three audiocassette
tapes (ca. 3 hrs.).
Dr. Victor E. Hall (1901-1981), MA in Physiology (1925), MD (1928) from Stanford University, was honored for his contributions
to medical education and scientific publications, and loved for his kindness, energy, and infectious optimism. He did research
and taught physiology at Stanford from 1925 until 1951, when he was invited to join the Department of Physiology at the new
UCLA School of Medicine. There he developed the highly successful physiology curriculum for medical and graduate students,
won the campus Distinguished Teacher Award, served as Vice Chair, Acting Chair, and Chair of the Department of Physiology,
and contributed on many campus committees to the shaping of educational goals and operations. The Association of American
Medical Colleges and the American Physiological Society also recognized and utilized this interest and expertise in medical
education. Dr. Hall's editorial contribution to physiology began when he acted as Associate Editor for the first volume of
the "Annual Review of Physiology" in 1938, a task he fulfilled, later as Editor, for 25 years. In the mid-fifties the American
Physiological Society appointed him Managing Editor for the first three volumes, "Neurophysiology", of their successful "Handbook
of Physiology". And from 1963 to 1972 he chaired the Editorial Board of the "UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences". In 1964 Dr.
Hall undertook the additional task of co-directing the NIH-funded UCLA Brain Information Service, a cooperative project of
the Brain Research Institute and the Biomedical Library. The interview provides descriptions of these various accomplishments.
box 2, folder 22
Lindsley, Donald B., PhD, oral history interview (September 16, 1980, September 22, 1980, October 15, 1980, October 20, 1980, October 22, 1980). Subseries 17.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Lindsley's home in Santa Monica, California, was conducted by Frances Brewer and was recorded
on six audiocassette tapes (ca. 6 hrs.).
Dr. Donald B. Lindsley's (1907-2003) title, Professor of psychology, physiology and psychiatry at UCLA, his membership in
the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences plus many other professional societies, and the
fact that he was a co-founder of the UCLA Brain Research Institute, IBRO (International Brain Research Organization), and
the Society of Neuroscience, give a pretty strong hint to the role he played in mid-20th century neuroscience. He also raised
one or two new generations of researchers, mentoring 48 graduate students to their PhD and hosting 84 postdoctoral fellows
and visiting scientists from 25 countries in his laboratory. Dr. Lindsley earned a PhD in psychology from the University of
Iowa (1932 ) studying electrical muscle activity, and broadened his interdisciplinary approach during a two-year fellowship
with neurophysiologists Alexander Forbes, Hallowell Davis, and neuropsychiatrist Stanley Cobb. After appointments in pediatrics
at Western Reserve Medical School in Cleveland, Ohio, (1935-38), psychology at Brown University in Providence,, (1938-46)
and neurophysiology at Bradley Hospital in Providence (1938-46), Lindsley became professor of psychology at Northwestern University,
Chicago (1946-51). In Chicago he had opportunities to work with Drs. Horace Magoun and Giuseppe Moruzzi on the reticular formation,
and met Dr. John French who became director of the UCLA Brain Research Institue. In 1951, Dr. Magoun recruited Lindsley to
join the faculty of the new medical school at UCLA, from where he retired in 1977 but actually remained active for many more
years. The interview provides details of Dr. Lindsley's youth and training, and insights into his research and research colleagues.
box 2, folder 23
box 2, folder 24
Livingston, Robert Burr, MD, oral history interview (August 12, 1980). Subseries 18.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the Villiage Inn, La Jolla, California, was conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Robert B. Livingston (1918-2002) was an enthusiastic and visionary physician, neuroscientist, medical educator, and science
administrator. With a neurosurgeon father and brother it was no surprise that he chose medicine as a career, but he was drawn
to the research side of medicine. After an AB, MD (1944), internship, and teaching at Stanford, interrupted by two busy years
that included combat duty as a naval medical officer, he was asked by John Fulton in 1946 to come to the Yale Department of
Physiology; this was the beginning of a long and fruitful friendship between the two. Dr. Livingston spent two year in Europe
as an NRC Fellow in Neurology, returned to Yale to direct the Yale Aeromedical Research Unit, and in 1952 came to UCLA with
appointments in Anatomy and Physiology, and collaborated in the planning of the Brain Research Institute. In 1965 he moved
to the University of California, San Diego campus and founded and chaired what was probably the first Department of Neuroscience
in the country. Between his times as a university professor and researcher, Dr. Livingston served periods as a science administrator.
During his later time at Yale, he was also Executive Assistant to Detlev Bronk, president of the National Academy of Sciences
and Chairman of the National Research Council. 1952 to 1956 was spent at UCLA, then he was appointed to be Scientific Director
of the NIH Institutes of Mental Health and Neurological Diseases and Blindness. The interview covers his life from the early
years to the time at UCLA. Of special interest are Dr. Livingston's views of John Fulton, and the details of the founding
of the BRI and what he felt about the ideal goals and organization of such an entity.
box 2, folder 25
box 2, folder 26
box 2, folder 27
Robert B. Livingston oral history interview: correspondence. 1983-1984
Magoun, Horace Winchell, PhD, ral history interview (March 27, 1980, April 30, 1980, January 8, 1981, February 19, 1981). Subseries 19.
Physical Description: 4 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Magoun's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer and
Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on six audiocassette tapes (ca. 6 hrs.).
Horace W. Magoun (1907-1991), known as Tid to his friends, was a giant presence in the neuroscience community of the second
half of the 20th century. As co-author with G. Moruzzi of "Brain Stem Reticular Formation and Activation of the EEG" (1949)
and author of the book "The Waking Brain" (1958), plus ca. 250 other publications, his research credentials were established
internationally. But beyond his scientific gifts he was also visionary, with a personality, drive, and administrative abilities
that could translate vision into reality. As first chairman of the Anatomy Department of the nascent School of Medicine at
UCLA (1949) he assembled an interdisciplinary group of gifted young neuroscientists and clinicians who, working from temporary
quarters in Long Beach while the UCLA buildings were under construction, were so creative and productive that they drew colleagues
and fellows from all over the world to join them. That experience confirmed Dr. Magoun's belief in the value of interdisciplinary
research, and set him and his colleague, John French, on a mission. Ten years later the UCLA Brain Research Institute, a pioneer
in the multidisciplinary approach to the study of the nervous system, opened on the UCLA campus. Beyond his local influence,
Magoun served on many health advisory committees and councils, including three of the National Institutes of Health, and was
director of the fellowship office of the National Research Council for two years. He was a member of the National Academy
of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association of Anatomy (president, 1964), the American
Physiological Society, and The Society of Neuroscience. Dr. Magoun was also a history buff, especially the history of study
of the brain, a hint to much of the content of this interview. In recounting the story of his education or career, or research,
or primate centers, or other topics, he always mentions the individuals involved, who their teachers or colleagues were, who
the teacher's teachers were - a very informative mini-history of neuroscience.
box 2, folder 28
box 2, folder 29
box 2, folder 30
Horace W. Magoun oral history interview: ackgroun material.
"Mind is a melting pot of all experiences" - first, second, and final transcripts of an interview Dr. Magoun gave to the Japanese
journal "The Kagaku" in February 1980; also, drafts of a compressed version of the interview submitted by Dr. Louise Marshal
to the UCLA "Brain Research Institute Bulletin"
box 2, folder 31
Marsh, James T., PhD, oral history interview (June 17, 1981). Subseries 20.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Marsh's office in the Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer. and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.25 hrs.).
James T. Marsh (1923-2005) earned his PhD in clinical psychology from UCLA in 1953. Shortly thereafter Dr. Norman Brill, who
had recently come to UCLA to found a Department of Psychiatry, appointed Marsh as an instructor in the new department. After
two years Dr. Marsh's interest turned toward physiological research in the brain to explore the relationship of its activity
with behavior. With support from a Foundation Fund scholarship he worked for two years with Dr. Fred Worden at UCLA's laboratories
in Long Beach, and one year at the research institute in Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., with anatomists like Robert
Galambos and Wally Nauta. He returned to UCLA in 1960 and rose in the faculty ranks until he retired as Professor Emeritus
in Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences. The interview is especially interesting because Dr. Marsh was a member of the Neuropsychiatric
Institute who had been granted laboratory space in the Brain Research Institute, and thus was able to describe the sometimes
touchy relationship between the two entities.
box 2, folder 32
box 2, folder 33
Maxwell, David Samuel, PhD, oral history interview (June 16, 1980). Subseries 21.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Maxwell's office at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on two audiocassette
tapes (ca. 1.25 hrs.).
David S. Maxwell (1931-1991) served on the UCLA faculty for 31 years as a beloved teacher, faculty leader, and internationally
respected researcher. While an undergraduate at Westminster College, Missouri, an advisor who knew H.W. Magoun enabled Maxwell
to spend two summers in Magoun's laboratory at the Long Beach Veterans Administration grounds. In 1954 he became a graduate
student at UCLA, but interrupted his studies for a Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford, where he earned a bachelors degree in physiology
with First Class Honors. After two years he returned to UCLA, received his PhD in 1960, and joined the faculty of the Department
of Anatomy, where he remained his death. Dr. Maxwell was respected internationally for his research on head and neck anatomy
and pioneering work in electron microscopy, and honored locally as an inspiring teacher and dedicated participant in University
committees, including Chair of the Academic Senate. The interview covers Dr. Maxwell's education and career, with special
emphasis on intellectual and social atmosphere of the early Brain Research Institute.
box 2, folder 34
box 2, folder 35
box 2, folder 36
David S. Maxwell oral history interview: correspondence. 1984
Mødern, Frederick, MD, oral history interview (1980). Subseries 22.
Dr. Mødern dictated his reminiscences to one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.) in 1980, with no interviewer present.
After his discharge from the U.S. Navy, Dr. Mødern joined the staff of Birmingham Army Hospital in the San Fernando
Valley section of Los Angeles. In 1950 a Navy hospital in Long Beach, California, was decommissioned, and the Birmingham Hospital
transferred to its better, larger facilities and became the Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital. Drs. E. V. Edwards
and Mødern also moved and Dr. Edwards became manager and Dr. Mødern chief of staff at the new hospital. Dr.
Mødern describes the physical plant of the hospitals, their staff's attitudes toward research, and the housing of the
UCLA brain research group at Long Beach.
box 2, folder 37
box 2, folder 38
Naquet, Robert, MD, oral history interview (April 1, 1982). Subseries 23.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Lausanne, Switzerland, at the First IBRO Congress, with the presence of Drs. Naquet and Gianfranco
Ricci, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Robert Naquet (1923-2005) was a gifted neurophysiologist, humanist, amateur artist, and a person of infinite kindness. Dr.
Naquet received his MD from the Faculty of Medicine in Marseille and subsequently joined Dr. Henri Gastaut, (Dean of the Faculty
of Medicine), in his research of light-induced epilepsy. In 1952 Naquet won a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship, and spent
the first year in Pisa with G. Moruzzi and the second year with H.W. Magoun in the temporary UCLA laboratories in Long Beach,
California. He then returned to Marseilles and continued his research, always trying to tie experimental findings to clinical
work. In 1965 Naquet and co-workers discovered genetic photosensitive epilepsy in the Senegalese baboon. The search for the
mechanisms underlying this condition took much of his attention, but he was also interested in other types of the disorder,
especially temporal lobe epilepsy. Over the years Dr. Naquet made major contributions in the studies of sleep and wakefulness,
and the effects of high pressure on cerebral activity. In 1972 Dr. Naquet was named director of the Laboratory of Neurophysiology
in Gif-sur-Yvette, and in 1991 he moved to Paris to direct the Department of Life Sciences of the CNRS. He was a consultant
for the French Army, an member of the Scientific Council the French National Space Agency, and was named a Commander of the
French Legion of Honor. Boby, as he was know to his friends, was respected for his intellect, drive, scientific creativity,
and many other good qualities, but he was loved for his humanity and selflessness. The interview recalls Dr. Naquet's stay
with Dr. Magoun and group in Long Beach and focuses on the early BRI. SEE ALSO: additional interview with Dr. Naquet under
Series 3: Contributors to the Development of Neuroscience, Box 3, Folders
box 2, folder 39
Robert Naquet oral history interview: final transcript.
box 2, folder 39A
Robert Naquet oral history interview: transcript drafts.
Rakic, Ljubiša, MD, PhD, oral history interview (April 6, 1982). Subseries 24.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Lausanne, Switzerland, at the First IBRO Congress, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was
recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 0.5 hrs.).
Dr. Ljubiša Rakic (1931- ) is a Serbian neuroscientist with an international renown and influence. Dr. Rakic earned an MD
degree in 1955 and a PhD in physiology in 1959, both from the University of Belgrade School of Medicine, where he joined the
Department of Physiology faculty. In 1956 he broadened his training with Prof. P.K. Anokhin in Moscow, and in 1961-1962 with
Dr. H.W. Magoun in California. His research, broadly described, lies in studying the neurologic basis of behavior, but his
influence also stems from the energetic and creative drive to further international neuroscience research, training, and communication.
Partly inspired by Magoun's interdisciplinary Brain Research Institute in Los Angeles Dr. Rakic, under the auspices of UNESCO
and NIH, started the International Brain Research Laboratory in Kotor, Montenegro, in the late 1960s. Dr. Rakic is a member
of the Academies of Sciences and Arts of Serbia, of Montenegro, and of Bosnia, and a member many other national and international
scientific societies, is a widely invited speaker, and for years was a visiting professor at University of California, Los
Angeles and Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. The interview centers mostly on his year at UCLA and the development of
the Kotor Institute.
box 2, folder 40
box 2, folder 41
box 2, folder 42
Ljubiša Rakic oral history interview: correspondence. 1983
Rose, Augustus Steele, MD, oral history interview (March 22, 1983). Subseries 25.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Dr. Rose's office at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital, Los Angeles, was conducted
by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Augustus S. (Buck) Rose (1907-1989) was honored as a superb clinician and strong supporter of research, excellent teacher,
and gifted administrator. He received an MD from Harvard in 1932 and became board certified in both neurology and psychiatry.
He remained in Boston as a clinician and teacher until being appointed as Professor of Neurology in the new UCLA School of
Medicine in 1951, where he developed the Neurology Unit, and served as its first chairman when it became a separate Division
in 1970. Dr. Rose also practiced and taughtat the nearby Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital, where he was named a
VA Distinguished Physician. At both institutions he created and supported strong clinical and research programs. His own research
interests focused on neurosyphilis, then multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Dr. Rose founded the Clarence Reed Neurological
Research Center at UCLA and played a major role in the establishment of the John Douglas French Foundation for Alzheimer Research.
He was also active in national and international professional organizations. The interview gives important insight into the
development of Neurology at UCLA as a separate division, its needs of research space and clinical beds, and the relationships
between the Brain Research Institute, the Neuropsychiatric Institute, and the Reed Neurological Research Center.
box 2, folder 43
box 2, folder 44
box 2, folder 45
Scheibel, Arnold Bernard, MD, MS, oral history interview (December 1, 1980, January 21, 1981, February 4, 1981). Subseries 26.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview to place in Dr. Scheibel's office at the Brain Research Institute, UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and
was recorded on three audiocassette tapes (ca. 3 hrs.).
Dr. Arnold B. (Arne) Scheibel (1923- )had a long and internationally recognized career in research, teaching, and administration.
He obtained an M.D. from Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1946. His time in medical school, internship, and
a year's residency in psychiatry were part of his Army service, as well as two years of active duty as a psychiatrist. After
his release he decided to join the neurophysiology laboratory of Warren McCulloch at Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute to
learn something about brain structure and function, and there he met Dr. H.W. Magoun. Scheibel's work led to an M.S. in Neuroanatomy
from the University of Illinois Graduate School, in 1953. In 1955, shortly after returning from a joint Guggenheim Fellowship
with his wife, Madge E. Scheibel, spent mainly with Dr. G. Moruzzi in Pisa, followed by a few months with Dr. Alf Brodal in
Oslo, Dr. Scheibel joined the UCLA faculty with appointments in neurology and psychiatry. He stayed for 56 years, serving
as Acting Director (1987-1990) and Director (1990-1995) of the Brain Research Institute, and at all times as a beloved teacher
for undergraduate, graduate, and medical students and psychiatry residents. Dr. Scheibel's research has continued to combine
his interest in psychiatry and neuroanatomy, using neurohistological and neurophysiological techniques to study the reticular
core of the brain stem and thalamus, the organization of neural modules, structural correlates of aging and psychosis, and
the relation between levels of cognitive activity and the patterns and richness of neuropil.
box 2, folder 46
box 2, folder 47
box 2, folder 48
Arnold B. Scheibel oral history interview: background material.
Segundo, José Pedro, MD, oral history interview (June 21, 1982). Subseries 27.
Physical Description: 3 folders
the interview took place in Dr. Segundo's office at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was
recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
José P. Segundo (1922- ) received an MD from the Universidad de la Republica da Uruguay in 1949, followed by two years
of postgraduate training in neurology, neurosurgery, and neurophysiology in Uruguay, and one year in neurophysiology at UCLA
in its Long Beach laboratories (1953-1955). He then returned to Uruguay for teaching and research until 1960, when he came
back to UCLA as Professor of Anatomy and Research Anatomist. He is now Emeritus Professor of Neurobiology in the Brain Research
Institute. The interview recalls the close camaraderie of the Long Beach days and memories of co-workers, and comments on
Dr. Segundo's views of what drives researchers.
box 2, folder 49
box 2, folder 50
box 2, folder 51
Sonnenschein, Ralph Robert, MD, PhD, oral history interview (April 3, 1981, April 7, 1981). Subseries 28.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Sonnenschein's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Ralph R. Sonnenschein (1923-2011) received an MD degree from Northwestern University in 1947, and a PhD in physiology
from the University of Illinois in 1950. His thesis advisor was Dr. A.C. Ivy, chairman of the department, in whose laboratory
Sonnenschein had done gastrointestinal system research during his medical school years. Wanting additional training in experimental
neurophysiology he also worked in Dr. Walter McCulloch's laboratory on a project for the Office of Naval Research on effects
of oxygen at high pressure on nervous system. In 1951 Dr. Sonnenschein was recruited to join the Department of Physiology
in the nascent UCLA School of Medicine. He stayed at UCLA until his retirement in 1988, with a couple of interludes of research
in Sweden and England. He was also an early Brain Research Institute member, doing research in cerebral blood flow and metabolism,
and nervous control of muscle blood flow. Dr. Sonnenschein was highly interested in the history of physiology, and in this
avocation amassed a collection of over 3000 scientific portrait medals. The interview provides portraits of Drs. Ivy, McCulloch,
and Magoun, and a physiologist's view of the Brain Research Institute.
box 2, folder 52
box 2, folder 53
Tschirgi, Robert Donald, PhD, MD, oral history interview (March 23, 1981). Subseries 29.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Tschirgi's office at the University of California, San Diego, was conducted by Dr. Louise
Marshall, and recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Dr. Robert D. Tschirgi's (1924-1997) remarkable career included neurophysiology research, teaching, planning for academic
institutions, and identifying ways to improve medical education. His received his education (PhD, 1949, MD, 1950) and first
professional appointment (Dept. of Physiology, 1940-1953) from the University of Chicago, where his mentor was Ralph W. Gerard
and his research focused on the blood-brain barrier. From 1953 to 1966 he was a member of the UCLA School of Medicine faculty.
This period was interrupted by various administrative assignments: 1950-1963, half-time Academic Assistant to the President
of the University of California; 1963-1964, six months Project Director, Medical Education Feasibility Study, University of
Hawaii; 1964-1966, Statewide Dean of Planning, University of California. In 1966 Dr. Tschirgi left UCLA for the University
of California, San Diego, where he became Vice-Chancellor of Academic Planning, and for seven months also Acting Dean of the
Medical School. In 1992 he became the Associate Director of the NASA Specialized Center of Research & Training in Exobiology,
UC, San Diego. During his years in statewide administration he participated in establishing three new University of California
general Campuses, extending three existing campuses, and establishing three new medical schools. In 1984 Dr. Tschirgi reworked
the draft of his 1981 interview into the more polished "Reminiscences" here included - an insightful, witty, and charming
personal account.
box 2, folder 54
box 2, folder 55
box 2, folder 56
Walter, Pat L., MS, oral history interview (June 24, 1981). Subseries 30.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Mrs. Walter's office in the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Pat L. Walter (1927- ) received an MS in Library Science from the University of Southern California in 1951. After a year's
internship at the Library of Congress she joined the UCLA Library system, held various positions, and became a member of the
Biomedical Library staff. In 1964 the National Institutes of Health were alerted to the need to not only fund scientific research,
but also to facilitate the dissemination of that research to users in a timely and efficient manner. In response, the National
Institute of Nervous Diseases and Blindness started a network of information centers in various universities, each specializing
in some area of the Institute's interest. The UCLA Brain Research Institute in cooperation with the Biomedical Library was
chosen to cover basic science research, and the Brain Information Service was born. Mrs. Walter was head of the Information
Services part of the endeavor. The interview discusses the birth and development of the service.
box 2, folder 57
Pat L. Walter oral history interview: final transcript.
box 2, folder 58
Worden Frederic Garfield, MD, oral history interview (November 12, 1980). Subseries 31.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in the headquarters room at the 10th Society of Neuroscience meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, was conducted
by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Frederic G. Worden (!918-1995) was interested in the mind-brain problem from childhood. He received an MD from the University
of Chicago in 1942 and went on to Johns Hopkins University to train in clinical psychiatry, but from an experimental approach.
In 1952 he moved from Hopkins to the Department of Psychiatry at the new medical school at UCLA, and soon became attached
to the group of scientists around Horace W. Magoun. He did almost fulltime research at the temporary laboratories in Long
Beach on auditory brain functions in cats. In 1969 Dr. Worden moved to MIT where he remained until his retirement in 1982,
the last 14 years as director of the Neuroscience Research Program. The interview covers his training, and provides vignettes
of the people at Long Beach and their relationships during the establishment of the Brain Research Institute.
box 2, folder 59
box 2, folder 60
Contributors to the Development of Neuroscience. Series 3.
Bailey, Yevnigé Bashian (Mrs. Percival Bailey) oral history interview (August 18, 1980). Subseries 1.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place at Mrs. Bailey's home in Los Angeles, was conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on one audiocassette
tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Yevnigé Bashian Bailey (1901-1994 was the wife of Percival Bailey, a renowned and much-honored neuroscientist, neurosurgeon,
teacher and administrator. The interview covers Mrs. Bailey's background, childhood and education, but the major focus is
on memories of her husband.
box 2, folder 61
Bonica, John Joseph, MD, DSc, oral history interview (February 16, 1983). Subseries 2.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place during the Intra-Science Symposium in the Miramar-Sheraton Hotel in Santa Monica, California, was
conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
John J. Bonica (1917-1994) was Mr. Pain Management, the founding father and indefatigable proponent for this the area of study.
He received his MD from Marquette University in 1942, took a residency in anesthesiology, then joined the U.S. Army where
he soon became Chief of Anesthesiology at the Madigan Army Medical Center, until 1947. It was the experience of those years
that created his resolve to learn to understand pain and how to alleviate it. He felt strongly that this needed a team approach,
the cooperation of various specialties working together. During his subsequent career he created residency programs, chaired
departments, wrote standard textbooks, created pain clinics, and organized the 1973 international Symposium on Pain, which
led to the founding of the International Society for the Study of Pain and its journal "Pain". The interview itself illustrates
the fervor Dr. Bonica had for his crusade, and the energy he put into its pursuit.
box 2, folder 62
box 2, folder 63
Brookhart, John Mills, PhD, oral history dictation (October 12, 1981). Subseries 3.
Physical Description: 1 folders
Dr. Brookhart dictated this text in answer to eleven submitted questions questions from Dr. Louise Marshall, and recorded
it on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
John M. Brookhart (1913-1995) originally leaned towards medicine as a career, not surprising since his father was a physician,
but late in college changed his direction towards science, especially physiology. He received his PhD in 1939 from the University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where Dr. Robert Gesell had been his mentor. After a postdoctoral year with S.W. Ranson at the Northwestern
Institute of Neurology he taught from 1940 to 1949 successively at Loyola University Chicago, University of Illinois College
of Medicine, and Northwestern University. In 1949 he moved to the University of Oregon, Portland where he remained until his
retirement in 1983 - rising to full Professor, Department Chair, and Acting Vice-President for Academic Affairs. Concurrently
he did yeoman's service in a succession of committees, councils, boards, and as consultant for government institutions: Office
of Scientific Research & Development, NIH, NINDB, NSF, Office of Naval Research, US Public Health Service, and professional
societies, especially the American Physiological Society. On the international scale he also participated in the International
Union of Physiological Societies and the International Brain Research Organization. In days that must have contained 48 hours
each, he also carried on respected research in CHS control of skeletal muscles, plus editorial assignments. The dictation
Dr. Brookhart provided gives charming evidence of his straightforward, what is all the fuss about, way of approaching life.
box 2, folder 64
Brooks, Chandler McCuskey, PhD, oral history interview (July 13, 1986). Subseries 4.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver on the occasion of the XXX Congress of the International
Union of Physiological Scinences, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2
hrs.).
Chandler M. Brooks' (1905-1989) career as an eminent physiologist began with a zoology course at Occidental College, and developed
to a PhD in physiology under the guidance of Philip Bard at Princeton University in 1931. He continued working with Bard on
the autonomic nervous system for two years in Walter Cannon's laboratory at Harvard, then back to Princeton, and followed
Bard to Johns Hopkins University, where they continued together until 1946. Then Dr. Brooks spent two years with John Eccles
in New Zealand to learn how to record from the central nervous system. In 1948 he was invited to become Chair of Physiology
at the Long Island College of Medicine, which became the State University of New York. Dr. Brooks filled many positions for
this institution until his retirement in 1989 - founding the Graduate School and becoming its Dean, and Acting President and
Dean of the SUNY Health Science Center, Brooklyn. In the interview he recalls many of his colleagues and students, and his
thoughts about neurophysiology and neuroendocrinology. The "background materials" folder contains a 50-year review of his
career written by Dr. Brooks, plus other autobiographical material.
box 2, folder 65
box 2, folder 66
Chandler M. Brooks oral history interview: background material.
autobiographical manuscripts: 1. "The development and the state of neuroscience today", by C.McC. Brooks, 44 p.; 2. "A brief
survey of my participation in the development of neuroscience, 1925-1975", by C.McC. Brooks, 7 p.; "Chandler McCuskey Brooks",
submitted to National Academy of Sciences, 10 p.
box 2, folder 67
Derbyshire, Arthur James "Bill", PhD, oral history interview (August, 1980). Subseries 5.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview was conducted by Ms. Juna Grass and was recorded on one audiocassette tape. That tape was loaned to the UCLA
Brain Research Institute Neuroscience History Archive by Dr. Ellen R. Grass. The interviewer and Dr. Derbyshire were looking
at a copy of Dr. Hallowell Davis' essay, "Crossroads on the pathway to discovery", published in: "The Neurosciences: Paths
of Discovery", ed. by F.G. Worden et al., and Dr. Derbyshire commented on and clarified some points raised in connection to
the essay.
A.J. "Bill" Derbyshire (1909-1993) was one of the U.S. pioneers of recording the electroencephalogram of humans. Hallowell
Davis was his undergraduate tutor at Harvard University and also his PhD mentor. The members of Davis' laboratory took turns
serving as subjects, and it was Dr. Davis who's brain waves were first recorded, on primitive equipment. Dr. Derbyshire continued
research on the EEG and evoked potentials of the auditory system throughout his career at Harvard, the University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign, and Detroit. He retired to Maine, but continued volunteering nevertheless.
box 2, folder 68
box 2, folder 69
Doty, Robert William, PhD, oral history interview (November 1, 1982). Subseries 6.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in the Minneapolis Convention Center during an annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, was
conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Robert W. Doty (1920-2011) received his undergraduate and graduate education at the University of Chicago, with a PhD in physiology
awarded in 1950. This came after four years of army service as a bugle boy, and a transportation officer aboard cargo ships,
years that allowed time to read and educate himself. At Chicago his mentors were Ralph Gerard and Nathaniel Kleitman, and
a postdoctoral fellowship was spent in Warren McCuloch's laboratory at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute. Dr. Doty then
spent six years at the University of Utah with W. Davenport, followed him to the University of Michigan for four years, and
in 1961 moved to the University of Rochester, where over 50 years he established an integrated program in neuroscience, and
founded both the Center for Brain Research, and the Center for Visual Sciences. Dr. Doty was also one of the key people in
the founding of the Society for Neuroscience, and in 1976 served as its President. The interview gives a lively account of
his career and his scientific thinking.
box 3, folder 1
box 3, folder 2
Dubner, Ronald, DDS, PhD, oral history interview (February 16, 1983).. Subseries 7.
The interview took place at the Miramar Hotel, (city unknown), was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one
audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Ronald Dubner (1934- ) has had a distinguished career as an educator and researcher, pursuing the sensory and motor mechanisms
of orofacial pain and function. During a year of internship in Baltimore, after he had received a DDS from Columbia School
of Dentistry in 1958, exposed him to the research programs being pursued at the National Institute of Dental Research and
turned him towards biomedical research. He joined the NIH in 1958 and essentially stayed there until 1995, taking time out
to earn a PhD degree from the University of Michigan in 1964, and spending a sabbatical year with Dr. Pat Wall in London.
For a time he was the only neurobiologist active in the Dental Institute, but over the years he gathered students and co-workers
and build up an active multidisciplinary section, and then branch, of neurobiology in the Institute. In 1995 Dr. Dubner moved
to the University of Maryland School of Dentistry, where he is a Professor in the Department of Neural and Pain Sciences.
He has won many honors and awards, including the 2012 Distinguished Scientist Award from the American Association for Dental
Research. The interview details specifics of his education and research.
box 3, folder 3
Goldstein, Murray, DO, MPH, oral history interview (November 3, 1982). Subseries 8.
The interview took place at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Minneapolis, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Murray Goldstein (1925- ) received a DO degree from the Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1950, and
stayed there through his residency. In 1953 he was the first osteopathic physician to be appointed as a commissioned officer
in the Public Health Service, where he rose to Rear Admiral, with an appointment as Assistant Surgeon General. His P.H.S.
commission gave him an entry into the National Institutes of Health, where he spent the next forty years. He started in the
Heart Institute with an aim of doing clinical research, but circumstances eased him into an administrative role in the external
grants section, and the path to scientist/administrator began. He soon was called to the Neurological Institute and held a
number of administrative posts through many changes in both the name and the functioning of the Institute, until he was appointed
Director of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke in 1982 (just weeks after this interview).
Along the way, wishing for some training in epidemiology, he obtained an MPH degree from the University of California, Berkeley
(1959), and during a sabbatical year in 1967-1968 he went to the Mayo Clinic as a resident in clinical neurology. He would
have liked to extend his stay there, but was recalled to Washington by the Director of the NIH. Dr. Goldstein recalls the
steps along his path of service to science.
box 3, folder 4
box 3, folder 5
Grass , Albert Melvin, BS, DS (honorary) oral history interview (November 11, 1980). Subseries 9.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Cincinnati, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Albert M. Grass (1910-1992) was a kind and quiet man who was loved and lauded as an engineer, inventor, and philanthropist,
and in addition was also a historian and preservationist in his corner of technology and instrumentation. In childhood he
built his own crystal and vacuum tube radios. Shortly after high school graduation he became a licensed electrician and was
working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) partly with Vannevar Bush on the "differential analyzer", the forerunner
of analog computers. After a year he had enough money to enter that institution as a student and he graduated with a BS in
electrical engineering in 1934. In the next year he moved to the Harvard Department of Physiology to build a device to record
electrical brain activity from humans for Frederick Gibbs, who was interested in following up Hans Berger's recently published
findings. That project resulted in the creation of the first commercially viable and reliable American electroencephalograph.
And equally important, at Harvard he met Ellen R. Robinson, a Radcliffe graduate student who soon became his wife and lifelong
creative partner. Together they founded the Grass Instrument Co. in 1945, an internationally renowned firm for the design
and manufacture of high quality medical instruments; the Company was always meant to contribute "to the development of human
knowledge and the search for basic scientific truth." And together they also established the Grass Foundation "to assist in
advancing knowledge principally in the field of neurophysiology, and including allied fields of medicine and science". Albert
Grass received two honorary doctorates, and in 1991 was elected to the National Academy of Arts and Sciences. The interview
focuses mainly on the technical innovations and improvements that have enabled neurophysiological progress over the years.
box 3, folder 6
box 3, folder 7
Grass, Ellen R., MA, LLD, DS (honorary), oral history interview (September 15, 1995). Subseries 10.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place during a Society of Neuroscience meeting in San Diego, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Ellen R. Grass (1914-2001) began as a chemistry major at Radcliffe College, but switched to biology and earned an MA in 1936
with a thesis on auditory potentials. She continued studies at Harvard under Hallowell Davis, with fellow students James Derbyshire
and Edward Kemp, but abandoned her PhD research with Karl Lashely after her marriage to Albert Grass in 1936. Her neurophysiological
experience meshed well with her husband's engineering know-how to help the Grass Instruments Co. flourish; she understood
their clients' needs and how to communicate with them. Ellen Grass received two honorary doctoral degrees as a recognition
for her contributions to further research and training in neuroscience through the Grass Instrument Co. and the Grass Foundation.
box 3, folder 8
box 3, folder 9
Graybiel, Ann Martin, PhD, oral history interview (June 2, 1994). Subseries 11.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on four
audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs. for the interview, 2.5 hrs. for a lecture and informal talk with students).
Ann Martin Graybiel (1942- ) came from a science-oriented household - her father, Ashton Graybiel, was a noted cardiologist
who turned to the study of space flight medicine. Ann Graybiel received a PhD from MIT in 1971, working in the laboratories
of Hans Lukas Tauber and Walle Nauta. and joined the MIT faculty in 1973. She has remained with that institution, garnering
advancements and recognition; she was named an Institute Investigator of the MIT McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
an Institute Professor of the MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences in 2008. Dr. Graybiel's research has focused
on the structure and function of the striatum, and its involvement in movement, cognition, habit formation and learning. Her
work has provided insight into the function of the the basal ganglia in guiding normal behavior, and also illuminated the
neural deficits related to Huntigton's and Parkinson's diseases. In addition to her recognition in academia, Dr. Graybiel
has been honored with the National Medal of Science in 2001, and a Kavli Prize in Neuroscience in 2012. She is a member of
the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, ant the Institute of Medicine.
box 3, folder 10
box 3, folder 11
Ann M. Graybiel oral history interview: background material.
27 p. unedited transcript of "To Move or not to Move Neuroprocessing in the Basal Ganglia", the taped 5th Annual John D. French
Lecture presented by Dr. Graybiel at the UCLA Brain Research Institute on the same day as the interview; 33 p. unedited transcript
of an informal talk with slides given by Dr. Graybiel on current work in her laboratory, on the same date;
also included: diskette of the word processed transcript with note: "Graybiel interview and lecture, kindness of Thomas Starzl,
3/28/95"
Himwich, Williamina Armstrong, PhD., oral history interview (November 9, 1980). Subseries 12.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Williamina Elizabeth Armstrong Himwich (1912-1993) developed her love of chemistry in high school, and her love of research
in college. She went on to earn a PhD in nutrition from Iowa State College in 1939, followed by faculty appointments at the
University of Illinois and Oklahoma State College. In 1943 she married physiologist/pharmacologist Harold E. Himwich, and
she and her husband each had outstanding research careers, sometimes working together and sometimes not. Dr. W. Himwich studied
brain metabolism development and cerebral circulation. After World War II both worked at the Army Chemical Center in Edgewood,
Maryland for a time, and then were recruited by Percival Bailey to establish the Thudichum Psychiatric Research Laboratory
at the Galesburg, Illinois, State Research Hospital, where their research was focused on diagnosis and treatments of mental
disorders. Dr. W. Himwich was an early adopter of computer technology. She developed a computer model of cerebral circulation
long before such an approach became generally used. And she also became an early utilizer of computers for processing medical
literature - in 1949 she worked for a time with Eugene Garfield on a contract with the National Library of Medicine in exploring
a possible interface between indexing medical literature and computers; and in 1979, when she retired from research after
her husband's death, she rejoined the NLM to help develop the vocabulary for computer indexing of toxicology literature. She
and her husband each were president of the Society of Biological Psychiatry. The interview provides a good mirror of her clear-headed,
direct, and cheerful approach to her life.
box 3, folder 12
box 3, folder 13
box 3, folder 14
Hinsey, Joseph Clarence, PhD, oral history dictation (December 20, 1979). Subseries 13.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The three tapes were dictated by Dr. Hinsey at his home in Scarsdale, NY, at Dr. Horace W. Magoun's request, with no interviewer
present; three audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Joseph D. Hinsey (1901-1981) received BS and MS degrees from Northwestern University, and went on to Washington University,
St. Louis, for his PhD in neuroanatomy in 1927. He received superb training from Dr. Steven Walter Ranson, his major advisor,
and Drs. Herbert Gasser and Joseph Erlanger, his minor advisors in physiology and pharmacology. After teaching and administrative
posts at Northwestern and Stanford Universities, Dr. Hinsey moved to Cornell University Medical College in 1936 to become
Chair of Anatomy and subsequently Dean of the College, unitl 1953. From 1953 until his retirement in 1966 he was Director
of the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center. Dr. Hinsey's research focused mainly on the study of muscle tonus of skeletal
muscles, and the visceral nervous system. In addition to teaching, administration, and research, Dr. Hinsey was also active
and influential in the Association of American Medical Colleges, and various committees and commissions of the federal government.
The tapes are focused mainly on his memories, and admiration, of Drs. Ranson and Gasser.
box 3, folder 15
Jarvik, Murray Elias, PhD, MD, oral history interview (April 20, 1978). Subseries 14.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded
on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Murray E. Jarvik (1923-2008) earned an MS degree from UCLA, a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley, and an MD (1951)
from the University of California, San Francisco. He started out as an experimental psychologist, then became interested in
the neurophysiological mechanisms of learning, and later added psychopharmacology to his specialties. After his medical degree
he spent a year at the Yerkes Primate Center to work with Karl Lashley. He next accepted a fellowship in the psychiatry department
of Mt. Sinai Hospital, NY, to study d-lysergic acid, making him one of the first scientists to publish about this LSD precursor.
In 1955 he joined the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where he set up a psychopharmacology laboratory, and started his
long research to find out "why do people smoke?" In 1972, after 17 years at Albert Einstein, he moved to Los Angeles and to
take up a joint appointment at UCLA and the West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center. Here Dr. Jarvik pursued
two main research topics: 1. memory and memory mechanisms, specifically protein synthesis and memory consolidation; and 2.
continuing the study of cigarette smoking, and the role of nicotine in the body. One result of the latter topic was the co-invention,
with his postdoctoral fellow Jed Rose, of the nicotine patch to help people stop smoking.
box 3, folder 16
Kemp, Edward Harris, PhD, oral history interview (October 13, 1982). Subseries 15.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place during an American Physiological Society meeting at the San Diego Convention Center, was conducted
by Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs).
Dr. Kemp (1908-1989), a psychophysiologist, had an eminent career as teacher, researcher, and administrator. Education at
Wake Forest College, Cornell, a Ph.D. from Clark University, and a postgraduate year at Harvard trained him in the use of
electrophysiology for study of the auditory system, and later for broader aspects of human psychology. After academic appointments
at Brown and Duke Universities, Dr. Kemp joined the U.S. Army Air Force and was tasked to provide psychological methods for
selecting suitable cadets as pilots or bombardiers. Dr. Kemp returned to academia at the University of Rochester from 1946
to 1951, and then worked for 16 years in various human factor administrative research positions for the Air Force and Navy,
ending in the Office of the Deputy Air Chief of Staff in the Pentagon. From 1967-1973, he taught in the Department of Psychology
at Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
box 3, folder 17
box 3, folder 18
King, Frederick Alexander, PhD, oral history interview (May 17, 1985). Subseries 16.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place in Dr. King's office at the Yerkes Primate Center, Atlanta, Georgia, was conducted by Dr. Louise
Marshall, and was recorded on audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Frederick A. King (1925-2013) had a peripatetic youth: joined the Navy at 17, returned for one year of college in 1946, went
with a medical mission to Guatemala, liked it and stayed there to go to medical school, worked for Atlantic Richfield as an
(unqualified) doctor, came back to the US for another year of college, left again, for Mexico in 1950, had to go back home
to New Jersey to recover from infectious hepatitis, and then had to go back into the Navy during the Korean war. He finally
settled down to finish undergraduate work at Stanford and to be admitted to Johns Hopkins University, where he earned a PhD
in physiological psychology. In 1959, after a few years at Ohio State University he was drawn to the recently established
University of Florida Medical School in Gainesville and joined the Department of Neurosurgery. Dr. King, with his broad interests
in both basic and clinical research, had always felt that a multidisciplinary approach was the proper path to good research
and good education. He gladly joined with colleagues in Gainesville to draw together various basic science and clinical departments
into a Center for Neurobiological Sciences, and when that was a success, the next step was to create a Department of Neuroscience.
Dr. King was Director of the Center, and Chair of the Department. In 1978 Dr. King was asked to become Director of the Yerkes
National Primate Center, a position he held until 1994. Concurrently he held the positions of Professor of Neuroscience at
Yerkes, Professor of Anatomy & Cell Biology and Associate Dean at Emory University School of Medicine, and Adjunct Professor
in the Department of Psychology in the Emory College of Arts and Sciences. He published in the fields of neuroscience, behavior,
and primatology and served on major committees of the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and
the National Academy of Science.
box 3, folder 19
Kleitman, Nathaniel, PhD, oral history interview (November, 1975). Subseries 17.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on
one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Nathaniel Kleitman (1895-1999), named the father of sleep research, was the first scientist to concentrate on the state of
sleep, to study and describe its stages and cycles. His 1939 volume, "Sleep and Wakefulness", revised in 1963 and 1987, is
the Bible of the specialty. Dr. Kleitman was born in Russia, arrived with his parents in New York in 1915, received BS and
MA degrees in that city, and in 1923 earned a PhD in physiology from the University of Chicago. After two years on a National
Research Council fellowship in Utrecht and Paris he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago, built the world's first
sleep laboratory, and remained there until his retirement in 1960, when he moved to Santa Monica, California for his remaining
years. Dr. Kleitman's research revealed that sleep was an active process: with his student Eugene Aserinsky he discovered
the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep and related it to dreaming; he proposed the existence of a basic rest-activity
cycle, and tested it on himself while spending over a month in a cave, and two weeks in a submarine; he through 180 hours
of sleep deprivation to study the effects on mental acuity; and he studied the development of sleep throughout infancy. In
the interview Dr. Kleitman states that he studied sleep "as an avenue to understanding what goes on in the waking state."
box 3, folder 20
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Lee, Arnold St. Jacques, PE, oral history interview (January 8, 1990, June 26, 1990). Subseries 18.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at UCL, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 3
hrs.).
The P.E. after Arnold Lee's (1921-2000) name is a State of California designation indicating a registered professional engineer;
he was a Professional Engineer in Control Systems Engineering. A child of the Depression, he managed only one year, 1938/39,
of premed education at Temple University before having to go to work, as a technician in Dr. Ernest Spiegel's neurology/physiology
laboratory at Tufts. While working full time, and more, he continued college classes part time, and after nine years obtained
a bachelors degree. Then he went to the University of Pennsylvania for three years and gathered all the course credits for
a PhD in physics, but never completed the degree. During World War II the U.S. Army sent Mr. Lee to Lehigh University to study
mechanical engineering. After the war he returned to work with Dr. Spiegel and later with Irving Cooper in New York. He formed
an independent research and development firm for sophisticated medical instrumentation, and cooperated with a number of scientists
and institutions; in 1965 he founded the Medical Instrumentation Laboratory at Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons. Mr. Lee ended his career as a clinical professor of anesthesiology in the UCLA School of Medicine. He combined his
vast knowledge and talent in engineering, physics, and anatomy to produce stereotaxic and cryosurgery instruments, improved
blood pressure monitors, efficient infusion pumps, and a complete monitoring system for ambulatory elderly patients. He held
many patents, but by design never commercialized any of his inventions. To quote from an "In Memoriam" of Arnold Lee by some
UCLA colleagues: "He described his role in life as that of a "Professional Engineer" with the mission of using his gifts to
altruistic ends as broadly as possible"; also, "Arnold was clearly an original; touched by genius, undaunted by obstacles,
and impatient with delays".
box 3, folder 22
box 3, folder 23
Arnold Lee oral history interview: background material. 1998
box 3, folder 24
Ling, Gilbert Ning, PhD, oral history interview (July 18, 1986). Subseries 19.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at the University of British Columbia during the XXIII International Congress of Physiological Sciences,
was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 0.5 hrs.).
Gilbert N. Ling (1919- ) was born in Nanking, China. Having won a Boxer Indemnity Scholarship to study in the U.S., he joined
Dr. Ralph Gerard at the University of Chicago in 1946, was awarded a PhD in 1948, and stayed another two years as a postdoctoral
fellow. While still a graduate student he took over an ongoing project from a previous student and was able to fashion a functional
microelectrode (the Gerard-Graham-Ling microelectrode), a tool that has played a vital role in modern neurophysiology and
medicine. From 1950 until 1961 Dr. Ling did research in cellular physiology at the Johns Hopkins University, the Neuropsychiatric
Institute of the University of Illinois, and the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute. In 1962 he became Director of
a research laboratory at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, and he stayed there for the next 27 years; in that same
year he also published his first book, "A Physical Theory of the Living State: the Association-Induction Hypothesis". A part
of the controversial A-I hypothesis, which countered the prevailing model of a membrane pump for cell function, postulated
that cell water is polarized and oriented and thus dynamically structured. Dr. Raymond Damadian, the inventor and patent holder
of the first NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine, believed he would be able to distinguish cancerous from healthy
tissues on the basis of the cell's water structure, which turned out to be true. Dr. Damadian started a company, FONAR, to
build NMR and later the renamed MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machines, and after 1988, when Dr. Ling's NIH funding was
ended, supported Dr. Ling's further research as a member of the FONAR Corp. In the interview Dr. Ling voices his concern about
the fragmented approach to the study of cellular structure and function, which looses sight of the big picture of physiology.
box 3, folder 25
box 3, folder 26
Gilbert N. Ling oral history interview: correspondence. 1995-1996
Lorente de Nó, Rafael, MD, oral history interview (May 25, 1976). Subseries 20.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Lorente de Nó's office at UCLA, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded
on audiocassette tapes, but the tapes unfortunately were recycled.
Rafael Lorente de Nó (1902-1990) was born in Zaragoza, Spain, where he entered medical school and worked on the nervous
system with Dr. Pedro Ramón. Dr. Ramón soon urged his precocious student to move to Madrid to study with Dr.
Ramón's brother, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, which Lorente de Nó did; he finished his medical studies at
the University of Madrid in 1923. In 1924 he was invited by Robert Bárány to come work in Uppsala, and stayed
there until 1927, except for a few months with Oskar and Cécile Vogt in Berlin. In 1929 he became chief of Otolaryngology
in a new hospital in Santander, Spain. In 1931 he was invited to become Research Director at the Central Institute for the
Deaf in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1936 he joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York, and stayed there
until his retirement in 1972. He then moved to Southern California to become Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Surgery
and of Anatomy and the Brain Research Institute of UCLA. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and to the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences; he was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Uppsala, Clark University, and Rockefeller
University. To quote from an obituary by colleagues at UCLA: "The vicissitudes of scientific recognition ultimately must place
Lorente de Nó among the giants of neuroanatomy. He was the last and most acclaimed student of Ramón y Cajal
and his Spanish tradition. He enriched his world by sharing his free-ranging intellectual curiosity from electrochemistry
to belles lettres. He incited ideas and humanism with a force that few can forget".
box 3, folder 27
box 3, folder 28
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Marshall, Louise Hanson, PhD, oral history interviews (July 19, 1983; May 4, 1984; February 21 & 27, 1985). Subseries 21.
Physical Description: 3 folders
Three separate interviews: #1, 1983: took place at UCLA, was conducted by Joyce Fried, and was recorded on one audiocassette
tape (ca. 1 hr.); #2, 1984: took place during an American Association for the History of Medicine meeting in San Francisco,
was conducted by Toby A. Appel , and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.); #3, 1985: took place at UCLA, was
conducted by Frances Brewer, and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.) but the tapes were not transcribed.
Louise H. Marshall (1908-2003) was the first recipient of the Women in Neuroscience Special Recognition Award from the Society
for Neuroscience in 2001, and she truly deserved that honor. Her contributions were not in the area of research, but rather
by helping to create and organize neuroscience as a field and preserving its history. She became interested in physiology
as a Vassar undergraduate and received a masters degree from Vassar, and a PhD in physiology from the University of Chicago
in 1935. In 1934 she married Dr. Wade Marshall, who in 1947 was the first neurophysiologist hired by the National Institute
of Health and headed the Laboratory of Neurophysiology of NIMH/NINDB until 1970. Dr. Louise Marshall, after teaching physiology
at Vassar and taking time out for starting a family, joined the research staff of the NIH Aviation Medicine Unit during World
War II, and then moved to the Nation Institute of Arthritis & Metabolic Disorders to do research in renal physiology for
the next 20 years. In 1965 she was urged to move to the National Research Council. To quote from her Special Recognition citation,
"As the NRC staff officer responsible for the Committee on Brain Sciences, Dr. Marshall was instrumental in helping to shepherd
the founding of the Society of Neuroscience and served as its first Secretary-Treasurer and newsletter editor. Under her directorship,
the IBRO Survey of Research Facilities and Manpower in Brain Sciences in the United States (Washington, DC: National Academy
of Sciences, 1968) sought to define the nascent field of 'neuroscience' and to determine who was doing what kind of brain
and behavior research, and where." After ten years at the NRC Dr. Marshall moved to Southern California and joined Dr. Carmine
Clemente at UCLA as the managing editor for the journal "Eperimental Neurology". She officially retired in 1979 - and then
worked twenty more years as a volunteer to co-author or edit two major volumes on the history of neuroscience with Dr. Horace
W. Magoun, with him to establish the Neuroscience History Archive at UCLA, and to manage and do many of the interviews for
this collection of oral histories in neuroscience.
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Melzack, Ronald, PhD, oral history interview (February 15, 1983). Subseries 22.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Santa Monica at the Conference on Neural Mechanisms of Pain, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Ronald Melzack (1929- ) is a Canadian psychologist whose career has focused on developing concepts of pain mechanisms. He
was born in Montreal and became interested in psychology as an undergraduate. Under the influence of his mentor at McGill
University, Don Hebb, he researched the effects of early experience on responses to noxious stimulation, and received a PhD
in psychology in 1954. To study the neurophysiology of the brain's role in pain mechanisms, Dr. Melzack spent the next three
years in Oregon with William K. Livingston and cemented his decision make the study of pain his life's work. The next two
years were spent at University College, London, and at the University of Pisa with Moruzzi. From 1959 until 1963 he taught
and continued his research on early experience and pain at MIT, and there became friends with Dr. Patrick Wall. Together they
wrote a theoretical paper published in "Brain" in 1962, which was the precursor of the gate control theory of pain. In 1963
Dr. Melzack returned to McGill, but was finishing up his research at MIT and so flew down every week and often stayed overnight
with Pat Wall and his wife. With these visits, and correspondence, they continued developing the gate control theory until
they published their seminal paper in "Science" in 1965. Dr. Melzack developed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, now a standard
measurement for degrees of human pain, and the Formalin Test for similar measurement of pain in animals. He also co-founded
the first pain clinic in Canada, and was a founding member of the International Association for the Study of Pain. Dr. Melzack
received two honorary doctor degrees, from Waterloo and Dalhousie Universities, and many other honors and awards, including
the Grawemeyer Award and election to the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame.
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Miller, Neal Elgar, PhD, oral history interview (November 8, 1983). Subseries 23.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Boston at a meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
In 2002, the newsletter of the American Psychological Association ranked Neal E. Miller (1909-2002) among the ten most eminent
psychologists of the 20th Century, describing him "influential as a learning theorist, neuroscientist, science statesman,
educator, and, above all, consummate experimentalist"; he was also a gifted and prolific writer. Dr. Miller earned a BS from
the University of Washington (1931), an MS from Stanford (1982), and a PhD in psychology from Yale (1935). The next year was
spent as a research fellow at Freud's Psychoanalytic Institute in Vienna. He returned to Yale in 1936 as one of the youngest
members of the Institute of Human Relations, and remained there for 30 years. In 1966 he moved to Rockefeller University,
in the early 1970's to Cornell University Medical College, and in 1985 back to Yale, as a research associate. Dr. Miller's
research focused on various areas in behavioral and physiological psychology, relating visceral responses to behavior. A few
of his scientific achievements: he made conceptual and empirical contributions to reward and motivation mechanisms, with Dr.
John Dollard wrote a well-received book about neurosis and psychological learning concepts, and proved that voluntary control
of autonomic function using biofeedback was possible in humans as a therapeutic tool. Dr. Miller was highly recognized for
his service to government and science: Newcomb Cleveland Prize, 1956; election to the National Academy of Sciences, 1958;
Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award, president, American Psychological Association, 1959, 1960; chair, President's
Science Advisory Committee on Strengthening the Behavioral Sciences, 1962; the National Medal of Honor, 1964; chair, National
Research Council Committee on Brain Science, 1969; co-founder, president, Society for Neuroscience, 1969, 1970; Citation for
Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology, American Psychological Association, 1991. The interview is almost evenly
divided between an account of Dr. Miller's scientific work and of the NRC committee work on behalf of the Society of Neuroscience
and IBRO.
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Milner, Brenda oral history interview (October 29, 1992) and lecture (October 26, 1992). Subseries 24.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Anaheim, California, during a Society of Neuroscience meeting, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.); the lecture was given by Dr. Milner at the History of Neuroscience
Session at that same meeting, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 0.5 hr.).
Brenda Milner (1918- ) has been a pioneer in cognitive neuroscience and continues her exploration of human memory and intellectual
function into her nineties. Born in Manchester, England, she entered Cambridge University with the aim of studying mathematics,
but changed to psychology and earned a BA (and later an MA) in experimental psychology; Oliver Zangwill was her supervisor
and turned her interest toward human brain function. During the war years she did applied psychology research for the Royal
Air Force and a radar establishment, and she met Peter Milner, an electrical engineer. At the end of the war he was invited
to join a team of physicists and chemists from England to set up the beginnings of Canadian atomic energy development, and
the couple married and moved to Montreal. Dr. Milner spoke French, and was soon asked to lecture at the University of Montreal.
She also entered McGill University as a PhD candidate in psychophysiology under the direction of Dr. Donald Hebb. In 1950,
Hebb gave Milner an opportunity to work with Dr. Wilder Penfield at the Montreal Neurological Institute, and in 1952 she earned
her PhD for research on behavior of epileptic patients treated with focal brain ablations. She then joined the staff of the
Montreal Neurological Institute, and she is still a professor at both McGill and the Institute. Her research has continued
to focus on the effects of temporal lobe and frontal lobe ablations on memory and learning in humans, on lateralization of
functions in the two hemispheres, and how brain damage can lead to dramatic functional brain reorganization. Dr. Milner's
discoveries and the impact of her ideas on neuroscience have brought her extensive honors; to name a few: over 20 honorary
degrees, fellowship in the Royal Society of London, the Royal Society of Canada, membership in the National Academy of Sciences
and its Award in Neuroscience, membership in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Companion of the Order of Canada,
the Kavli prize in Neuroscience, and the Gardner Foundation International Award. Both the interview and the lecture cover
Dr. Milner's career and give some biographical information.
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Brenda Milner oral history interview and lecture: correspondence and background material. 1992-1995
Naquet, Robert, MD, oral history interview (September 5, 1995). Subseries 25.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Brain Research Institute, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one
audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
This interview focuses on Dr. Naquet's life and specifics of his research and career. Please see Series 2. Brain Research
Institute, Subseries 23, for Dr. Naquet's biography, and Container List Box 2, Folder 39 for transcript of an earlier interview
with him which reminisced more about his year at UCLA and the people with whom he worked in Long Beach, the Brain Research
Institute forerunner location.
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Nauta, Walle, MD, PhD, oral history interview (April 6, 1982, April 21, 1983). Subseries 26.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The first part of the interview took place in Lausanne, Switzerland at an IBRO Conference, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 20 min.); the second part took place at UCLA, was conducted by Frances Brewer
and Dr. Louise Marshall, and was partly recorded on a second tape, which unfortunately was lost (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Walle Nauta (1916-1994) was a neuroanatomist with a strong base in medicine, who made huge contributions to the study of the
structure and connectivity of the brain, was superb lecturer in English, German, and Dutch, and a strong force in shaping
the new multidisciplinary field of neuroscience. Born in the Dutch East Indies, he returned with his family to Holland ca.
1926. He entered the University of Leiden in 1934 and stayed until he left with an MD in 1942; in 1945 he added a PhD in Anatomy
from the University of Utrecht. He taught anatomy at Utrecht, Leiden, and at the University of Zurich from 1941-1951. During
his time in Switzerland he wanted to study degenerating neural fibers under a light microscope, but found all available staining
methods inadequate. After unrelenting trial and error with reduced silver methods he was finally able to develop such a stain,
the "Nauta Stain", which revolutionized neuroanatomy. Dr. David Rioch of the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research invited
Nauta to visit, and then join, his Division of Neuropsychiatry, which he did, and stayed from 1951 to 1964; he concurrently
taught at the University of Maryland, 1954-1964. In 1964 Dr. Nauta moved to MIT as professor of neuroanatomy, became Institute
Professor in 1973, and remained until his retirement in 1986. An international symposium, "New Views of the Limbic System
and Frontiers in Neurobiological Techniques", held in 1966 to mark his 70th birthday, demonstrated the love and respects of
his former students and colleagues. Dr. Nauta was a founding member and an early president (1972-1972) of the Society for
Neuroscience, and a long-standing affiliate and active participant in the Neurosciences Research program. He was elected to
the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received
a number of honorary degrees from U.S. and foreign universities, and a great number of prestigious awards. The interview does
not mention his non-scientific interests or life, but it does reveal a very kind, human individual.
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Walle Nauta oral history interview: correspondence and background material.
Neff, William Duwayne (Dewey) PhD, oral history interview (November 4, 1982). Subseries 27.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place in Minneapolis, Minnesota during a Society of Neuroscience meeting, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.2 hrs.).
William D. Neff (ca. 1913-2002) was internationally known for his work in hearing and physiological psychology. He characterized
his research as using behavioral, electrophysiolgical, neural, and behavioral techniques; a friend said, "He was interested
in the link between science and societal impact". Dr. Neff received his PhD from the University of Rochester in 1940. During
the war years of 1941-1946 he worked for the U.S. Navy in their Underwater Laboratory, New London, CT, and then joined the
psychology department of the University of Chicago. In 1961-1962 he was Director of an acoustical research laboratory for
Bolt, Beranek & Newman, and in 1963 was asked to come to Indiana University, where he stayed until his retirement in 1983.
Dr. Neff was an advisor for the Office of the Surgeon General, NIH, NSF, and NASA. He was a member of the National Academy
of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Physiological Society. He was also a recipient of
the annual award of the Beltone Institute for Hearing Research and of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology Award
of Merit.
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Ochs, Sidney, PhD, oral history interview (April 3, 1982). Subseries 28.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place at an IBRO meeting in Lausanne, Switzerland, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded
on three audiocassette tapes (ca. 3 hrs.).
Sidney Ochs (1924-2014) was an influential neurophysiologist, educator, and author, who made important contributions to the
study of cortical depression and pioneered research in axoplasmic transport. He received a PhD in physiology from the University
of Chicago in 1952 after working with Carl Pfeiffer and Ralph Gerard, and followed Gerard to the Illinois Neuropsychiatric
Institute for a postdoctoral year. 1954-1956 was spent at Caltech on a fellowship with Dr. Van Harreveld and Wiersma in the
study of spreading depression. His first faculty appointment was in the Department of Physiology at the University of Texas
Medical branch at Galveston, where he began his project on active positive transport. In 1958 he transferred to the Department
of Physiology in the Indiana University Medical School, where he retired in 1993 but continued as Professor Emeritus. In Indiana
Dr. Ochs co-initiated and chaired the Medical Biophysics Interdepartmental Program; he founded and edited the "Journal of
Neurobiology"; he was a regional organizer and Counselor for the Society of Neuroscience; and for many years was President
of The John Shaw Billings Society for the History of Medicine. In 1994 his colleagues honored him with a special issue of
"Neurochemical Research" (Vol. 19, No. 11), in recognition of his 70th birthday. The interview presents a detailed account
of Dr. Ochs' career and colleagues.
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Perl, Edward, MD, MS, oral history interview (February 15, 1983). Subseries 29.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at a conference in Santa Monica, California, was conducted by Frances Brewer and Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 2 hrs.).
Edward Pearl (1926-2014) was renowned for his work on the physiology of cutaneous afferent fibers, especially his documentation
of large samples of specific nociceptors. His early fascination with electricity and electronics and the influence of his
physician father, plus fortuitous contacts with inspiring individuals such as Warren McCulloch, Elwood Henneman, and Laslo
Medula along the way, steered him to neuroscience as a research area combining electrical phenomena and human biology. Dr.
Perl left high school early and entered the University of Chicago in 1943 at 17 years of age. The next year he volunteered
for the Navy and was sent to the V-12 College Training Program as a premedical student, but was shortly put on reserve status
and entered the University of Illinois School of Medicine, from which he received an MD in 1949. In 1950 he received a fellowship
at the Johns Hopkins for work with Vernon Mountcastle and Philip Bard, and in 1952 he joined the laboratory of David Rioch
at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Dr. Perl's first faculty appointment was at the State University of New York, Upstate
Medical Center (1954), followed by long, and scientifically rewarding, stints at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City (1964),
and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (1971). 1962-1963 was spent in Toulouse, France, at the laboratory of
Yves Laporte, and Dr. Perl subsequently returned several more times to France as a visiting professor. Dr. Perl was one of
the original 20 co-founders of the Society of Neuroscience, and he served as the first (acting) president. He was also elected
to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, served on NIH panels and was a member of the National Board of Medical Examiners,
and received the Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for distinguished research in pain, and the Ralph Gerard Prize in Neuroscience,
among other honors. The interview transcript covers his life and career only until 1952; unfortunately the second tape was
not transcribed, or the transcription was lost.
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Ploog, Detlev Walter, MD, oral history interview (November 14, 1991). Subseries 30.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in New Orleans at a meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall,
and was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Detlev Ploog (1920-2005) was a clinical psychiatrist who became interested in primate behavior and ethology, and who turned
to investigating the brain because he felt that psychoanalytic explanations did not really explain the causal factors of mental
illness. One of his interests was in communication and prerequisites of human speech. Dr. Ploog was born in Hamburg. Soon
after the start of World War II he was drafted into the German Army and saw combat duty on the Russian front, but because
of a prior statement that he intended to study medicine, he was pulled from the ranks and sent to medical school at the University
of Marburg. He received his MD ten days before being captured by the Americans, who assigned him to service at the Marburg
State Mental Hospital. During a short stay in Freiburg, Dr. Ploog met the German neurophysiologist Richard Jung, who introduced
him to the visiting Paul MacLean; this chance meeting resulted in an invitation to come to the National Institute for Mental
Health as a visiting scientist (1958-1960). The project was to explore the cerebral organization of sexual behavior in the
squirrel monkey, and it steered Dr. Ploog into further exploration of primate behavior - non-human and human. On his return
to Europe in 1961 Dr. Ploog was invited to join the Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry in Munich, where he founded and became
Chief of the Department of Primate Behavior, and from 1964 to 1988 was Director of the Institute's clinical research institute
and hospital. From 1964 to 1983 Dr. Ploog was an Associate of the Neuroscience Research Institute of MIT, which enabled him
maintain communication between U.S. and European neuroscience. Dr. Ploog was a member of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences, the Netherland Academy of Science, plus several German societies and associations; he received several honorary
doctorates, plus German Order of Merit, (and was a long-term member of the German Federal Ministry of the Interior.
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Plum, Fred, MD, oral history interview (November 2, 1982). Subseries 31.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during a Society of Neuroscience meeting, was conducted by Dr. Louise
Marshall, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
The neurologist, Fred Plum (1924-2010), was an outstanding clinician, a successful clinical researcher, and a superb teacher.
Jerome Posner, his friend and co-author, stated "He was, in his time, one of the world's most important neurologists and certainly
one of its most colorful." He attended Dartmouth Medical School on the Navy's V-12 program for two years, and obtained his
MD degree from Cornell Medical School after two more years, in 1947. He interned and did his residency in neurology under
Harold Wolff, Neurologist-in-Chief at New York Hospital, during years of a poliomyelitis epidemic in New York. Dr. Plum had
previously lost a sister to polio, and he was greatly interested in treatment of the disease. He worked in the Hospital's
neurological critical care unit, one of the first created in the U.S., where polio patients with respiratory failure were
sent. The unit was able to cut mortalities with new treatments such a tracheostomies and respirator care. Based on this experience,
Dr. Plum published a number of papers on breathing control and acid-base physiology, plus what became a handbook for respiratory
care for the neurologically disabled. In 1950, at the start of the Korean war, he was re-called to the Navy and sent to St.
Albans Hospital in Queens for clinical duty. In 1953, at the age of 29, he was invited to head the Neurology Division of the
Department of Medicine of the University of Washington, Seattle, where he became especially astute at diagnosis of comatose
patients. Ten years later Cornell University asked him to succeed Harold Wolff as Neurologist-in-Chief at New York Hospital,
and he agreed. Dr. Plum continued his work on coma, expanded his research to cerebral blood flow and metabolism, refined the
prognosis for patients after cardiac arrest. In 1966 he and Jerome Posner published a seminal text, "Diagnosis of Stupor and
Coma". Dr. Plum and Bryan Jennett coined and defined the term "persistent vegetative state", and later he coined "locked-in-syndrome".
Dr. Plum was a believer and publicist for the of advanced health directives and an individual's right to die choices.
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Rawson, Margaret Byrd, MA, oral history interview (May 22, 1980). Subseries 32.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place at Mrs. Rawson's home in Frederick, MD, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on
three audiocassette tapes (ca. 4 hrs.).
Margaret B. Rawson (1899-2001) was an educator, researcher and author who spent some 70 years identifying and treating reading
disorders, especially dyslexia. She graduated with high honors from Swarthmore College in 1923, and in 1940 earned an MA in
elementary education and psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, focusing on educational testing and measurements.
In 1929 Mrs. Rawson and her husband joined a group of parents in founding a private school near Philadelphia, The School in
Rose Valley, where they sent their children and for which she became librarian, teacher, and psychologist until 1946. She
was troubled when she was unable to help a bright boy with reading difficulties; a new teacher remarked that he'd seen such
children sent to Dr. Samuel Orton in New York City. The suggestion was followed, the boy was diagnosed as dyslexic and responded
rapidly to the Orton-Gillingham method of training, and Mrs. Rawson had found the specialty to follow for the rest of her
long life. She began a classic study on language learning ability in boys, including the whole population, not just a sample,
of who had been in the elementary grades for three years at the study's beginning. She followed the life of the 56 subjects
for many years, and described the progress of the dyslexic ones in "Developmental Language Disability: Adult Accomplishments
of Dyslexic Boys" (1968). The Rawsons moved to Frederick in 1947, where Mrs. Rawling taught sociology at Hood College and
was a clinical psychologist and language consultant. She also had a private practice diagnosing and correcting language disorders.
In 1973 she helped organize the Jemicy School, Baltimore's first school for dyslexic children. She was a founder and president
of the Orton Dyslexia Society (now the International Dyslexia Association), and received its lifetime achievement award on
her 100th birthday. She also held honorary degrees from Swarthmore and Hood College.
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Rosenblith, Walter A., Ing, oral history interview ((November 8, 1983). Subseries 33.
Physical Description: 2 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Rosenblith's office at MIT, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and was recorded on one
audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Walter Rosenblith (1913-2002) pioneered the application of computers and mathematical models to the study of biophysical
information processing in the brain. With experience in mathematics, physics, engineering, and electrophysiology, he believed
strongly that no single discipline could unravel the workings of the brain, and he pushed for an interdisciplinary approach
in his own laboratories, institutions, and international organizations. Dr. Rosenblith was born in Vienna. He received degrees
in communications engineering from the University of Bordeaux and the Paris École Supérieure d'Électricité
in 1936, 1937. He was sent by his employer to the United States in 1939 to study the impact of industrial noise on people,
and when his return was prevented by World War II he worked as a research assistant at New York University, where he became
interested in the interface between biology and physics. Fellowships enabled him to spend summer 1940 at Cold Spring Harbor
doing research on electric eels, and another fellowship sent him to UCLA to work with Dr. Vern Knudson in acoustics. After
teaching on the physics faculty at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology from 1943 to 1946, Rosenblith joined the
Harvard Psychoacoustics Laboratory (1947-1951). He became more and more interested in the brain and possiblilities of analyzing
its activity mathematically; he also met Norbert Wiener and joined his renowned super seminar. In 1951 he moved to the MIT
faculty as associate professor of communications biophysics, and rose to become Chair of the Faculty and Provost. At MIT he
helped to found the Program in Science, Technology, and Society, and the Whitaker College, as well as the Harvard-MIT joint
MD-PhD program and the Joint Center for Urban Studies. In 1975 MIT named him an Institute Professor and in 1994 established
a professorship of neuroscience in his honor. Dr. Rosenblith was among the founders of IBRO and of the Biophysics Society.
He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a fellow of the World Academy of Arts and Sciences. The interviews covers the years up to
ca. 1955, when he spent a second few months at UCLA, this time with Dr. H.W. Magoun, and briefly describes the beginnings
of IBRO.
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Walter A. Rosenblith oral history interview: transcript drafts.
Sokoloff, Louis, MD, oral history interview (April 18, 1989). Subseries 34.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Dr. Sokoloff's office at the Clinical Center of NIH, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on two audiocassette tapes (ca. 1.5 hrs.).
Dr. Louis Sokoloff (1921-2015), through circumstances of the mid 1940s resulting from the war, started his professional career
as a neuropsychiatrist, "by order of the Surgeon General". From 1947 to 1949 he served as Chief of Neuropsychiatry at Camp
Lee Station Hospital, Virginia. This experience led to his desire to seek out the physiological and biochemical components
of mental illness. He became a post-doctoral student of Dr. Seymour Kety at the University of Pennsylvania, who had been one
his teachers at that institution's medical school; when Dr. Kety moved to the National Institute of Mental Health, he followed
him in 1953, became chief of the NIMH Laboratory for Cerebral Metabolism in 1957, and remained until his retirement in 1999.
Dr. Kety was working on a method to measure cerebral blood flow in individual parts of the brain utilizing the use of radioactive
isotopes. Dr. Sokoloff participated in these studies, and extended them to measuring cerebral energy metabolism. He developed
a radioactive substitute for glucose which could act as a tracer, and coupled with positron emission tomography (PET scan)
could visualize metabolic brain function. Dr. Sokoloff was a member of the National Academy of Science, received the Albert
Lasker Clinical Medical Research Award, the Karl Spencer Lashley Award and, with Dr. Kety, the NAS Award in Neuroscience.
The interview describes the many steps of Dr. Sokoloff's research.
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Stellar, Eliot, PhD, oral history interview (November 3, 1982). Subseries 35.
Physical Description: 3 folders
The interview took place in Minneapolis during a Society for Neuroscience meeting, was conducted by Dr. Louise Marshall, and
was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Eliot Stellar (1919-1993) was a physiological psychologist whose research focused on brain and behavior, mainly the mechanisms
of motivation, studied through hunger and thirst experiments. Although hailed as one of the founders of behavioral neuroscience,
he was more than just a scientist; to quotes from a memoir: "His particular genius was to nurture both scientific excellence
and humane expression. In fact, Eliot Stellar is the paradigmatic example of the statesman-scientist. His example inspired
others as they tried to pursue science. The greatness of Eliot Stellar is that he nurtured the science that one was pursuing,
and, perhaps more importantly, he bolstered the life that one ought to be living." Dr. Stellar received his PhD in psychology
from Brown University in 1947, and joined the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University and stayed until 1954, a year in which
he published an important article on the physiology of motivation, and also helped to develop the Stellar-Krauss stereotaxic
instrument which produced accurate lesions in the hypothalamus of rats. It was also the year when he moved to the University
of Pennsylvania, where he spent the rest of his career. In 1965 Dr. Stellar became director of the U. Penn. Institute of Neurological
Sciences; from 1973 to 1978 he served as Provost of the University, but then elected to returned to research; in 1990 he was
named chair of the Department of Anatomy. Elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1968, he served on it Committee on
Human Rights, and on the National Research Council Committee on Brain Sciences. He was a member of the Institute of Medicine.
He also served as president of the American Philosophical Society, and on the advisory boards of foundations such as the MacArthur
and Whitehall, which he helped to interest in behavioral neuroscience. He received the Medallion of the National Academy of
Sciences in 1989 and the American Psychological Foundation's Gold Medal for Life Achievement in Psychological Science in 1993.
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Eliot Stellar oral history interview: transcript drafts.
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Miscellaneous Interviews. Series 10.
Brill, Norman Q. oral history interview (August 9, 1979). Subseries 1.
Physical Description: 1 folders
The interview took place at the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute on the occasion of Dr. Brill's retirement, was conducted by
Katie La Motte, and was recorded on one audiocassette tape (ca. 1 hr.).
Dr. Brill (1911-2005) received an MD from New York University School of Medicine in 1934. Originally starting on a career
in neurology, with specific interest in the EEG, he switched to psychiatry, finishing his residency at the New York State
Psychiatric Institute. During World War II he served as chief of psychiatry at Fort Bragg, N.C., and then as chief of psychiatry
at the Office of the Surgeon General. In 1953 he became Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at the new UCLA School of Medicine,
and then founding Director of the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute which opened in 1961. His work in military psychiatry continued
for many year, for both the U.S. Army and the Veterans Administration.