Scope and Contents
Preferred Citation
Processing History
Acquisition
Conditions Governing Use
Conditions Governing Access
Biographical Note
Contributing Institution:
Library and Archives at the Autry
Title: Sitting Bull and Oglala Sioux Collection
Creator:
Freeman, C. Marjorie
Creator:
Sitting Bull
Creator:
Hodge, Frederick Webb
Identifier/Call Number: MS.752
Physical Description:
0.1 Linear Feet
(1 folder)
Date: 1881, undated
Language of Material:
English
.
Scope and Contents
This collection contains two discrete donations of archival materials. The first is an autograph and drawing of a bull made
by Sitting Bull on 1881 June 16, which is signed by three witnesses: Edgar Bray, Thomas Drummond, and W. F. Freeman. The card
contains a note that it was signed at Su'appelle, Northwest Territory. One of the witnesses, W. F. Freeman, is the father
of the donor, C. Marjorie Freeman. The autograph is accompanied by an explanatory letter to Museum Director, Frederick Webb
Hodge from C. Marjorie Freeman, dated 1950 September 19.
The other donation group in this collection contains seven typed manuscripts of articles about Sitting Bull and the Oglala
Sioux, as well as a handwritten copy of correspondence between the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and the United States Indian
Agent at Standing Rock Agency between 1891 June 3 and 1894 June 14. The titles of the typed manuscripts are "Sitting Bull:
The Arrest and Death of the Great Sioux Medicine Man," "The Sioux In War and On The March," "Rain-In-The-Face: The Uncapapa
Sioux Chief, a sketch of his career from 1870 to 1894," "The Ghost Dancers," "Camp Life of the Sioux: Costumes, Sports, Marriage
Ceremonies, Councils, Treatment of the Sick, Sweat Houses and Mode of Burial," "The Origin and Progress: The Sioux, Past and
Present, Government and Life," and "The Sun or Torture Dance: The Prohibited Test of Bravery Among the Sioux Indians." The
typed manuscripts appear to be newspaper articles, and all are undated.
Preferred Citation
Sitting Bull and Oglala Sioux Collection, 1881, undated, Braun Research Library Collection, Autry Museum of the American West, Los Angeles; MS.752.
Processing History
Processed by Library staff before 1981. Finding aid completed by Holly Rose Larson, NHPRC Processing Archivist, 2012 November
26, made possible through grant funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commissions (NHPRC).
Acquisition
Donation from C. Marjorie Freeman, 1952 May 7; and purchase from Charles Hamilton Autographs, 1959 October.
Conditions Governing Use
Copyright has not been assigned to the Autry Museum of the American West. All requests for permission to publish or quote
from manuscripts must be submitted in writing to the Head of Research Services and Archives. Permission for publication is
given on behalf of the Autry Museum of the American West as the custodian of the physical items and is not intended to include
or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained by the reader.
Conditions Governing Access
Biographical Note
Sitting Bull (Lakota; circa 1831 – 1890 December 15) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief
during years of resistance to United States government policies. He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock
Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him at a time when authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement.
From 1868 to 1876, Sitting Bull developed into the most important of Native American chiefs. After the Treaty of Fort Laramie
(1868) and the creation of the Great Sioux Reservation, many traditional Sioux warriors such as Red Cloud of the Oglala and
Spotted Tail of the Brulé, moved to reside permanently on the reservations. They were largely dependent on the US Indian agencies
for subsistence. Many other chiefs, including members of Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band such as Gall, at times lived temporarily
at the agencies. In 1875, the Northern Cheyenne, Hunkpapa, Oglala, Sans Arc, and Minneconjou camped together for a Sun Dance,
with both the Cheyenne medicine man White Bull or Ice and Sitting Bull in association.
Sitting Bull's refusal to adopt any dependence on the white man meant that at times he and his small band of warriors lived
isolated on the Plains. When Native Americans were threatened by the United States, numerous members from various Sioux bands
and other tribes, such as the North Cheyenne, came to Sitting Bull's camp. His reputation for strong medicine developed as
he continued to evade the European Americans. Over the course of the first half of 1876, Sitting Bull's camp continually expanded,
as native americans joined him for safety in numbers. His leadership had attracted the warriors and families of an extensive
village, estimated at more than 10,000 people. Liutenant Colonel Custer came across this large camp on 1876 June 25. Sitting
Bull did not take a direct military role in the ensuing battle; instead he acted as a spiritual chief and had performed the
Sun Dance, in which he fasted and sacrificed over 100 pieces of flesh from his arms, a week prior to the attack.
In May 1877, Sitting Bull led his band across the border into Saskatchewan, Canada. He remained in exile for four years near
Wood Mountain, refusing a pardon and the chance to return. When crossing the border into Saskatchewan, Sitting Bull was met
by the Canadian Mounties of the region. Hunger and desperation eventually forced Sitting Bull, and 186 of his family and followers
to return to the United States and surrender on 1881 July 19.
In 1885, Sitting Bull was allowed to leave the reservation to go Wild Westing with Buffalo Bill Cody's Buffalo Bill's Wild
West. He earned about $50 a week for riding once around the arena, where he was a popular attraction. Sitting Bull returned
to the Standing Rock Agency after four months with the Wild West Show. In 1890, James McLaughlin, the U.S. Indian Agent at
Fort Yates on Standing Rock Agency, feared that the Lakota leader was about to flee the reservation with the Ghost Dancers,
so he ordered the police to arrest Sitting Bull. This resulted in his death, on 1890 December 15.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
Indians of North America
The Sun or Torture Dance: The Prohibited Test of Bravery Among the Sioux Indians
The Origin and Progress: The Sioux, Past and Present, Government and Life
Sitting Bull: The Arrest and Death of the Great Sioux Medicine Man
Ghost Dance
North Dakota
South Dakota
Dakota Indians
Artwork
Autographs
The Sioux In War and On The March
Rain-In-The-Face: The Uncapapa Sioux Chief, a sketch of his career from 1870 to 1894
The Ghost Dancers
Camp Life of the Sioux: Costumes, Sports, Marriage Ceremonies, Councils, Treatment of the Sick, Sweat Houses and Mode of Burial
Typescripts
Oglala Sioux Tribe of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota
Articles
United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Standing Rock Agency