Background
The Carter Administration was plagued with international crises: rebellion against Somoza in Nicaragua, Iran hostage crisis,
Marxist guerrilla groups in Mozambique and Angola, a crisis in Cambodia, the USSR in Afghanistan, with Ronald Regan pushing
Carter to respond on all of these issues. In October 1979 there was a coup in El Salvador by reformist colonists who ushered
in military leadership and a civilian cabinet of reformers. Leftists were being killed and disappeared by rightist death squads,
with the military as the main suspect. The government changed hands multiple times in a short period of time that was marked
by assassinations and exiles. Ultimately the cabinet was run by the Christian Democratic party, which acted as a veil for
military rule. Assassinations had reached staggering numbers, and in early March 1980 the Carter administration appeared to
back the new cabinet and offered it military aid, along with support for an agrarian reform bill that hoped to redistribute
the source of wealth, social standing, and political power among the people. The rich and powerful used their political influence
and loopholes to ensure that they held onto the most valuable land, while the peasants were given underdeveloped, and often
inarable areas. The influential religious figure Archbishop Oscar Romero publicly and repeatedly denounced the aid to the
military, but the agrarian reform is decreed, and implementation begins rapidly. In late March, Archbishop Romero was assassinated
while celebrating a mass. The country moved to war in the ensuing months, with the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación
Nacional (FMLN) being created by a partial unification of 5 leftist guerilla groups. The United States viewed the military
government of El Salvador as an ally during the Cold War as well as a valuable trade partner, so they continued to support
the regime through financial means.
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