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Guide to the Earle and Akie Reynolds Archive, 1930-1997
MS 120
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Title: Earle and Akie Reynolds Archive,
Date (inclusive): 1930-1997
Collection number: MS 120
Creator:
Reynolds, Earle L.
Extent: 59 cartons, 11 map folders,
80 linear ft.
80 linear ft.
Repository:
University of California, Santa Cruz. University Library,
Special Collections
Santa Cruz, California 95064
Abstract: This collection includes correspondence, publications, scrapbooks, photographs, realia and audio/audio-visual materials related
to the evolution of Earle Reynolds and his family as peace activists.
Physical location: Stored offsite at NRLF: Advance notice is required for access to the papers.
Language:
English.
Collection is open for research. Please note that access to the
Series VI Audio-Visual Material
is RESTRICTED due to the fragile physical condition of the material.
Property rights reside with the University of California. Literary rights are retained by the creators of the records and
their heirs. For permission to publish or to reproduce the material, please contact Special Collections.
Earle and Akie Reynolds archive, MS 120, Special Collections,
The University Library, University of California, Santa Cruz.
Gift of Akie N. Reynolds.
Earle Reynolds began his
career as a physical anthropologist. In 1951 his life was forever changed after he went
to Hiroshima to study the effects of the atomic bomb. When he embarked with his family on
a world voyage aboard their yacht,
The Phoenix of
Hiroshima
, fate set him on a path that would lead him to his life's
work--the struggle for peace. The Earle Reynolds Archive is located in the Special
Collections of McHenry Library, at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Earle Reynolds was born Earle Schoene in 1910 in Des Moines, Iowa. His parents were
trapeze artists and he spent his early years traveling in vaudeville and with the circus.
When he was eight years old his father was killed falling from a tightrope. His mother
later remarried and Earle took the last name of his stepfather.
Earle Reynolds began writing at an early age, and continued throughout his life. After
graduating from high school in Mississippi, he earned a BA and MA from the
University of Chicago and his Ph.D. from the University of
Wisconsin, all in Anthropology. He married Barbara Leonard
and they had three children: Tim, Ted, and Jessica. From 1943 to 1951 he was an associate
professor of anthropology and the chairman of the Department of Human Growth of the Fels
Research Institute at Antioch College. During this time he was also
writing plays, which were performed in Yellow Springs, Ohio. His plays met with local
success, and even attracted attention from a Broadway producer.
In 1951 he was hired by the Atomic Energy Commission to take part in
research on the effects of the atomic bomb. He and his family moved to Japan where he
worked as a physical anthropologist and later as the coordinator of research for the
Atomic Bomb Casualty Committee in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There he
studied the effects of atomic radiation on the growth and development of children.
1954 brought the realization of a dream for Earle when he and his family began an around
the world voyage on their hand-built sailboat, the
Phoenix. They stopped at over one hundred ports and
Earle gave lectures on conditions in Hiroshima. Young Jessica
documented this trip in her book,
Jessica's Journal , which
was later published. When they arrived in Hawaii in 1958 they met the crew of the
Golden Rule, Quakers who were on trial
for their attempt to sail into the nuclear test zone near Bikini
Island to protest nuclear weapons and atmospheric testing. They had been
arrested and prevented from completing their mission. After talking with the crew of the
Golden Rule, Dr. Reynolds and his
family decided to complete the mission in their place. He also believed that the
government did not have a right to restrict access to the open ocean. After sailing into
the restricted zone, he was arrested and sentenced to two years in prison. This verdict
was appealed and eventually overturned. From this point on his life was dedicated to
activism for peace and anti-nuclear causes, often using voyages on the
Phoenix as a way to spread his message.
During this time he began lecturing about his voyages and on issues of peace. With his
notoriety he lost his standing in the academic community and his teaching position at
Antioch. In 1959, a film entitled
The Reynolds Story was
made about the trip into the nuclear test zone. Dr. Reynolds wrote about these events in
The Forbidden Voyage, published in 1961. In 1960 he became a
guest lecturer at the Hiroshima Women's College. During this time he
formally joined the Quaker religion. The next voyage of the
Phoenix was to Nadhoka, USSR, to
protest Soviet nuclear testing. In 1962 Dr. Reynolds co-founded the Hiroshima
Institute for Peace Studies (HIPS), which was affiliated with
Hiroshima University.
Another voyage took place in 1962. Earle captained the
Everyman III, when members of A Quaker Action
Group (AQAG) sailed from London to Leningrad via Belgium, Holland, Germany,
Denmark, and Sweden. During these years he carried out a busy schedule of lecturing,
attending conferences, and serving on various committees concerned with promoting peace.
Eventually, Earle and Barbara Reynolds became estranged as their interests and activities
led them in different directions. Much of Barbara's focus was on working with the atomic
bomb survivors. The couple divorced in 1964. Later that year Earle married Akie Nagami, a
young Japanese woman who was his secretary and assistant. She was also committed to the
cause of peace. In 1967 Dr. Reynolds and a crew of other peace activists, under the
sponsorship of A Quaker Action Group, sailed to Vietnam. They
delivered medical supplies to North and South Vietnam as an
expression of the Quaker principle of neutrality. Goodwill voyages to
China were attempted in 1968 and 1969. These voyages to China
created conflict with the Japanese government and eventually led to Earle being deported.
After sailing from Tokyo to San Francisco, Akie and Earle Reynolds settled in small town
of Ben Lomond on the central coast of California, where they became the resident hosts of
the Quaker Center for three years. After selling the
Phoenix they bought a house nearby. Dr. Reynolds taught
classes in Peace Studies at the University of California at Santa
Cruz, and at Cabrillo Community College. His seminar
class founded the Peace Resource Center at UCSC in 1975. Meanwhile he continued an active
schedule of teaching, writing, lecturing around the world, attending meetings,
protesting, all the while staying active in campaigns against nuclear testing in
Nevada and against nuclear weapons research.
Akie Reynolds returned to school, earning her second BA from UCSC and an MA in Peace
Studies from Antioch College. She worked as a career counselor at
UCSC, specializing in peace-making careers and in placing students in overseas jobs. Akie
died of breast cancer in 1994. Earle Reynolds then moved to Southern California to be
near his daughter, Jessica. He died in 1998 at the age of 87.
| 1910 | Born Des Moines, Iowa |
| 1943 | MA University of Chicago |
| 1944 | Ph.D. University of Wisconsin |
| 1943-1951 | Chairman, Department of Physical Growth, Fels Research Institute, Ohio |
| Associate Professor of Anthropology Antioch College, Ohio | |
| 1951-1954 | Researcher, Atomic Bomb Casualty Committee,Hiroshima |
| 1954-1958 | Around the world voyage |
| 1958 | Sailed to nuclear test zone, Bikini Atoll |
| 1960 | Visiting professor, Hiroshima Women's College |
| 1961 | Protest voyage to Nadhodka, Siberia |
| 1962 | Everyman III "London to Leningrad" voyage |
| 1964 | Married Akie Nagami |
| 1965 | Friends World College, New York |
| 1967 | Voyage to Viet Nam |
| 1968 | China I |
| 1969 | China II |
| Lecture tour of U.S. | |
| 1970 | Deported by Japanese government |
| Moved to Ben Lomond, CA | |
| 1973-1982 | Taught at UCSC and Cabrillo College |
| 1994 | Death of Akie Reynolds, Santa Cruz, CA |
| 1998 | Death of Earle Reynolds, Southern California |
This archive includes correspondence, publications, scrapbooks, photographs, realia and
audio/visual materials related to the evolution of Reynolds as a peace activist; from his
early career as an anthropologist documenting the effects of the atomic bomb on the
children of Hiroshima, through the voyages of the
Phoenix
into the Bikini test zone and his subsequent life as a Quaker and messenger for peace.
Included is a small amount of information on Akie Reynold's passion, "Careers in Peace
Making."
The following terms have been used to index the description of this
collection in the library's online public access catalog.
Reynolds, Earle L.
Reynolds, Akie N.
A Quaker Action Group
Phoenix (Yacht)
Nuclear weapons--Testing
Passive resistance
Peace movements--California--Santa Cruz County
Reynolds, Earle L.
Reynolds, Akie N.
Degree of kinship and pattern of ossification. A longitudinal x-ray study of the appearance pattern of ossification centers
in children of different kinship groups.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
N. S., No. 1, 1943.
Ossification sequences in identical triplets.
Journal of Heredity ,
vol.35, 1944 (with L.W. Sontag).
Seasonal variations in weight, height, and appearance of ossification centers.
Journal of Pediatrics ,
vol. 24, 1944 (with L.W. Sontag).
Status of infant at birth as related to basal metabolism of mother in pregnancy,
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ,
vol. 48, 1944 (with Sontag and Torbot).
The relation of basal metabolic gain during pregnancy to non-pregnant basal metabolism.
American Journal Obstetrics and Gynecology ,
vol. 48, 1944 (with Sontag and Torbet).
Differential tissue growth in the leg during childhood.
Child Development ,
vol. 15, 1944.
The Fels Composite Sheet, I: A practical method for analyzing growth progress; II: Variations In growth patterns in health
and disease.
Journal of Pediatrics ,
vol. 26 (with L.W. Sontag).
The bony pelvic girdle in early Infancy. A roentgenometric study.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
N. S., vol. 3, 1945.
Sexual maturation and the growth of fat muscle and bone in girls.
Child Development ,
vol. 17, 1946.
The bony pelvis in prepuberal childhood.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Growth patterns of identical triplets from 8 through 18 years.
Child Development ,
vol. 18, 1947 (with Grace Shoen).
Creatinine excretion growth progress and body structure in normal children.
Child Development ,
vol. 18, 1947 (with L.Clark).
Further data on symphalangism.
Journal of Heredity ,
vol. 39, 1948 (with A.G. Steinberg).
Individual differences in physical changes associated with adolescence in girls.
American Journal of Diseases of Children,
vol. 75, 1948 (with Janet Wines).
Distribution of tissue components in the female leg from birth to maturity.
The Anatomical Record ,
vol. 100, 1948.
Box differences in the distribution of tissue components in the human leg from birth to maturity.
The Anatomical Record ,
vol. 102, 1948.
The measurement of obesity in childhood.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology ,
vol. 6, 1948 (with Toshiko Asakawa).
Anthropology and human growth.
Ohio Journal of Science ,
vol. 491, 1949.
The relation of illness patterns in children to ordinal position in the family.
Journal of Pediatrics ,
vol. 35, 1949 (with A, Kingley).
The fat/bone index as a sex-differentiating character in man.
Human Biology ,
vol. 21, 1949.
A comparison of certain aspects of body structure and body shape in 200 adults.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology ,
vol. 3. 1950.
The appearance of adult patterns of body hair in men.
Annals of the New York Academy of Science ,
vol. 53, 1951.
Skeletal development in infancy.
American Journal of Roentgenology and Radium Therapy ,
vol. 55, 1951.
Physical changes associated with adolescence in boys.
American Journal of Diseases of Children ,
vol. 82, 1951 (with J. Wines).
The study of the tissue components of the human body.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Instructional Course Lectures ,
vol. 8, 1951.
Distribution of Subcutaneous Fat in Childhood and Adolescence ,
Monograph: Society for Research in Child Developments vol. XV, Serial No. 509, Nov. 21, 1950.
Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission ,
August 28, 1951.
Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission ,
June 12, 1952.
Report on a Three Year Study (1951-1953) of the Growth and Development of Hiroshima Children Exposed to the Atomic Bomb,
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commissions National Research Councils, 1954.
Growth and Development Program of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission ,
Nippon Shonika Gakkai Gasshi, LVIII, 699-7009, 1954.
Forbidden Voyage
The Nation ,
15 Nov. 1958.
Irradiation and Human Evolution ,
presented at 58th Annual Meeting of American Anthropological Association, 1959. Published in
Human Biology ,
vol. 32, No. 1, 1960. Reprinted in
The Processes of Ongoing Human Evolution,
Gabriel W. Lasker (Ed.), Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1960. Also reprinted in
The Subversive Science: Essays Toward an Ecology of Man,
Shepherd and McKinley (Eds.), Boston: The Houghton Mifflin Co.
The Forbidden Voyage ,
New York: David McKay & Co., 1961.
All in the Same Boat ,
New York: David McKay & Co., 1962 (with Barbara Reynolds).
Hiroshima, the Atom and the World ,
(in English and Japanese) Hiroshima: Hiroshima Jogakuin University Press, 1962.
The Hiroshima Hibakusha.
presented at 62nd Annual Meeting of American Anthropological Assn., 1963. Abstract printed in minutes of meeting.
Letter from Japan.
Peace News ,
March 1, 1963.
The Phoenix.
Quaker Life ,
Aug, 1968.
Earle-ly Warnings about Nuclear Threat.
Resource Center for Nonviolence Newsletter ,
July-Aug, 1977.
The First Seriatin Study of Human Growth and Middle Aging.
American Journal of Physical Anthropology ,
vol.54, No.23-24, 1981.
Some of My Best Friends are Rocks.
Friends Journal ,
15 Nov. 1985.
The Forbidden Voyage. [1st ed.]. New York: D. McKay Co., [1961]. UCSC McHenry Library, UF 767 .R47.
The Forbidden Voyage. By Earle Reynolds. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1975, c1961. UCSC Special Collections, UF 767 .R47 1975 Santa Cruz.
Voyage of the Phoenix. Produced by Richard Faun; directed by William Heick for the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. [United States? : s.n., 199-?].
1 videocassette (56 min., 41 sec.); 1/2" VHS. UCSC McHenry Library Media Center, VT3693; UCSC Special Collections, VT3693
Santa Cruz.
- Framed photograph of Earle Reynolds onboard the Phoenix (approx. 16" x 18") stored in Special Collections, room 383.
- Maps contained in 11 folders, currently stored in Special Collections (9/2004).
Note
- AA Abalone Alliance
- AC/DC Action Community on Diablo Canyon
- ACORN Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now
- AFA Air Force Association
- AFSC American Friends Service Committee
- AQAG A Quaker Action Group
- ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
- BANC Bay Area Nonviolent Community
- Beheiren "BEtonamuni HEIwao!" shimin RENgo ["Peace for Vietnam!" Citizens Committee]
- CALA Community Action on Latin America
- CALM Community Against Legalized Militarism
- CCCO Center Committee for Conscientious Objectors
- CCR Center for Conflict Resolution
- CEC Center for Economic Conversion
- CIP Council of International Programs
- CNVA Committee for Non-Violent Action
- COPRED Consortium on Peace Research, Education & Development
- CORE Congress of Racial Equality
- CPR Center for Population Research
- CSCW Church Society for College Work
- CTIR Center for Teaching International Relations
- CTP Center for Theology and Public Policy
- DMS Defense Marketing Service
- FCNL Friends Committee on National Legislation
- FoR Fellowship of Reconciliation (1914-1919)
- GERM Green Earth Recycling Movement
- GONE Groups Opposed to Nuclear Energy
- HIPS Hiroshima Institute of Peace Science
- IECC International Economic Conversion Conference
- IFoR International Fellowship of Reconciliation
- IGCC Institute of Global Conflict & Cooperation
- IPRA International Peace Research Association
- ISA Iranian Student Association
- JEA Justice Education Association
- JMC Jail Moratorium Coalition (Santa Cruz, CA)
- JROTC Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps
- LMSC Lockheed Missiles and Space Company
- MAPS Master of Arts in Peace Studies
- MASCD Michigan Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development
- MNS Movement for a New Society
- MSA Maritime Safety Agency
- NACCCA National Association of Civilian Conservation Corps Alumni
- NARMIC National Action/ Research on the Military Industrial Complex
- NCEC Northern California Ecumenical Council
- NEAR New England Action Research
- NICM National Institute for Campus Ministries
- NISBCO National Inter-religious Service Board for Conscientious Objectors
- NIYC National Indian Youth Council
- PACS Peace and Conflict Studies (Earlham College, Indiana)
- PG & E Pacific Gas and Electric
- PINA Parenting In the Nuclear Age
- PIRGIM Public Interest Research Group In Michigan
- PNFF People for a Nuclear Free Future
- PRIO International Peace Research Institute (Oslo, Norway)
- PRS(I) Peace Research Society (International)
- PSS(I) Peace Science Society (International)
- PYCP Planning Your Career in Peace Making
- PYM Pacific Yearly Meeting ( Religious Society of Friends)
- QEG Quaker Educational Graffiti
- RCNV Resource Center for Nonviolence
- RF Rockefeller Foundation
- SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
- SDS Students for a Democratic Society
- SESPA Scientists and Engineers for Social and Political Action
- SNCC Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
- SPANS Security, Peace And Nuclear Studies
- SSCA Seven Seas Cruising Association
- SSRS Society for Social Responsibility in Science
- SUDS Student Union for a Demented Society
- TNC Transnational Corporation
- TWANAS Third World and Native American Studies
- TWTRC Third World Teaching Resource Center
- UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
- URPE Union for Radical Political Economics
- VVAW Vietnam Veterans Against the War
- WILPF Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
- WIN Whip Inflation Now
- WRL-CSNT War Resisters League--Campaign to Stop Nuclear Terror
- WSO Winter Soldiers Organization (Allied with VVAW)
- YAF Young Americans for Freedom