Descriptive Summary
Scope and Content of Collection
Biography
Preferred Citation
Acquisition Information
Publication Rights
Descriptive Summary
Contributing Institution:
Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla 92093-0175
Title: Charles Reznikoff Papers
Creator:
Reznikoff, Charles, 1894-1976
Identifier/Call Number: MSS 0009
Physical Description:
9.7 Linear feet
(26 archives boxes, 1 oversize folder)
Date (inclusive): 1912-1976
Abstract: Papers of Charles Reznikoff (1894-1976), American poet, writer, and chronicler of Judaism and the American Jewish experience.
He worked both as an editor and contributing author on
The Menorah Journal and
Family Chronicle, and was in close association with such noted writers as Ezra Pound, George Oppen, and William Carlos Williams. The correspondence,
which provides documentation of the literary community of 40s, 50s, and 60s America, as well as providing insights into Reznikoff's
personal life, includes letters from Robert Creeley, David Ignatow, Denise Levertov, George Oppen, John Perlman, William Carlos
Williams, and Louis Zukofsky.
Languages:
English
.
Scope and Content of Collection
Papers of Charles Reznikoff (1894-1976), American poet, writer, and chronicler of Judaism and the American Jewish experience.
He worked both as an editor and contributing author on
The Menorah Journal and
Family Chronicle, and was in close association with such noted writers as Ezra Pound, George Oppen, and William Carlos Williams. The correspondence,
which provides documentation of the literary community of 40s, 50s, and 60s America, as well as providing insights into Reznikoff's
personal life, includes letters from Robert Creeley, David Ignatow, Denise Levertov, George Oppen, John Perlman, William Carlos
Williams, and Louis Zukofsky.
Also included are the various exchanges between Reznikoff and his numerous publishers. The bulk of the collection consists
of Reznikoff's writings, ranging from original source materials up to finished typescripts, and includes thousands of pages
of revisions. Most of the materials in the collection date from the 1940's to the early 1970's. The 1989 addition to the Reznikoff
papers consists primarily of letters written by Reznikoff to his wife Marie Syrkin between 1928 and 1939. Also included are
Reznikoff's letter of will to his wife dated 1961; letters of condolence to Marie following the poet's death in 1976; and
several miscellaneous correspondences. In addition, Reznikoff's personal copies (with annotations) of eight of his published
works have been included. The 1991 addition to the Reznikoff papers contains personal letters from Reznikoff to Marie Syrkin
written in 1930 before their marriage; financial records which detail Reznikoff's activities between 1947 and 1976; and miscellaneous
memorabilia.
Accession Processed in 1977
Arranged in six series: 1) CORRESPONDENCE, 2) WRITINGS, 3) REVIEWS, 4) PERSONAL ARTIFACTS, 5) MATERIALS RELATING TO REZNIKOFF'S
PARENTS, and 6) WRITINGS BY OTHERS.
Accession Processed in 1990
Arranged in two series: 7) CORRESPONDENCE, and 8) AUTHOR'S COLLECTION.
Accession Processed in 1991
Arranged in four series: 9) CORRESPONDENCE, 10) CERTIFICATES AND DIPLOMAS, 11) FINANCIAL RECORDS, and 12) MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS.
Biography
Charles Reznikoff's long and productive life began 31 August 1894 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents, Nathan Reznikoff and
Sarah Yetta Wolvovsky Reznikoff, were Russian Jews who had recently immigrated to the United States. Reznikoff's family moved
throughout the city, and the anti-Semitism which Charles often encountered had a lasting effect on his work. When he was twelve
Reznikoff's family moved to a section of Brooklyn that was isolated from the Jewish community; Reznikoff once described it
as a place where "the hatred for Israel smoldered." He later wrote that he would have to rush home from high school in order
to avoid the taunts of children leaving their grade school.
Despite his self-consciousness and feelings of insecurity, Reznikoff was an excellent student. He finished grammar school
three years ahead of the rest of his class and graduated from Boys High School in Brooklyn in 1909 at the age of fifteen.
By the time he was sixteen Reznikoff was already certain that he wanted to become a writer. He studied journalism at the University
of Missouri, but soon found that journalists' priorities were different than his -- they were more interested in news than
in writing, while it was the writing itself that Reznikoff cared about.
Reznikoff left the University of Missouri after one year and returned to New York. He first worked at his parents' hat manufacturing
business. Then in 1912 he entered New York University's Law School. In 1915 he graduated second in his class, and the next
year at the age of twenty two was admitted to the Bar of the State of New York. Although his training as a lawyer proved to
be a long lasting influence on his poetry, Reznikoff actually practiced for a very brief period. He once said "I wanted to
use whatever mental energy I had for my writing."
Reznikoff's first book of poetry,
Rhythms, was published in 1918. It was a small volume that he printed on a press he had installed in the basement of his parents'
home. After 1918 he held a number of jobs in order to support himself, but from this time on found ways to devote the majority
of his time to writing. In 1919 he privately printed
Rhythms II; then in 1920 Samuel Roth published Poems the first of his works to be published commercially. During the 1920's Reznikoff's
reputation slowly grew, and he was able to publish some of his work in magazines; he also wrote four plays during that decade.
In 1930 Reznikoff married Marie Syrkin, who later became a distinguished professor at Brandeis University. Although his work
still failed to make a commercial impact, Reznikoff continued to gain attention in the 1930's. Along with Louis Zukofsky,
George Oppen, and Carl Rakosi, he became known as one of the principal proponents of the Objectivist group of poets. The poets
formed the Objectivist Press, with whom Reznikoff published three of his works.
During the late thirties Reznikoff worked as a screen writer in Hollywood. When he returned from the West Coast he again
took up his life of freelance writing. Marie Reznikoff has written that she and Charles grew estranged during the forties;
when she was hired by the English department at Brandeis University, her husband stayed in Manhattan, and the Reznikoffs usually
spent only holidays and weekends together. Charles supported himself by working on a number of projects, many of which dealt
with the place of the Jewish community in America.
Reznikoff did not publish any poetry from 1941 through 1959, when
Inscriptions: 1944-1956 appeared. Three years later, New Directions published
By the Waters of Manhattan: Selected Verse, and in 1965 New Directions published
Testimony, which, along with
Holocaust, has been called one of Reznikoff's two major works. Marie Syrkin retired in 1966, and the Reznikoffs moved into a luxurious
Manhattan apartment. Reznikoff continued to write through these years; the final work to be published during his lifetime
was
Holocaust. He died on 22 January 1976 after suffering a heart attack the previous day.
Selected Bibliography:
Rhythms (1918),
Poems (1920),
Uriel Acosta: A Play and a Fourth Group of Verse (1921),
Chatterton, the Black Death, and Meriwether Lewis: Three Plays (1922),
Coral, and Captive Israel: Two Plays (1923),
Nine Plays, Five Groups of Verse (1927),
By the Waters of Manhattan (1930),
Jerusalem the Golden, Testimony, In Memoriam: 1933 (1934),
Early History of a Sewing Machine Operator, Separate Way (1936),
Going To and Fro and Walking Up and Down (1941),
The Lionhearted (1944),
The Jews of Charleston (1950),
Inscriptions: 1944-1956 (1959),
By the Waters of Manhattan: Selected Verse (1962),
Family Chronicle (1963),
Testimony: The United States 1885-1890: Recitative (1965),
Testimony: The Unites States (1891-1900): Recitative (1968),
By the Well of Living and Seeing and The Fifth Book of the Maccabees (1969),
By the Well of Living and Seeing: New & Selected Poems, 1918-1973 (1974),
Holocaust (1975),
Poems 1918-1936: Volume I of the Complete Poems of Charles Reznikoff (1976),
Poems 1937-1975: Volume II of the Complete Poems of Charles Reznikoff,
The Manner "Music" (1977).
Preferred Citation
Charles Reznikoff Papers, MSS 9. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego.
Acquisition Information
Acquired 1977, 1989, 1990.
Publication Rights
Publication rights are held by the creator of the collection.
Subjects and Indexing Terms
American poetry -- 20th century
Diaries -- 20th century
Williams, William Carlos, 1883-1963 -- Correspondence
Martin, John, 1947- -- Correspondence
Lowenfels, Walter, 1897-1976 -- Correspondence
Zukofsky, Louis, 1904-1978 -- Correspondence
Oppen, George -- Correspondence
Padgett, Ron, 1942- -- Correspondence
Niedecker, Lorine -- Correspondence
Barnes, Djuna -- Correspondence
Reznikoff, Charles, 1894-1976 -- Archives
Creeley, Robert, 1926-2005 -- Correspondence
Rakosi, Carl, 1903-2004 -- Correspondence
Dembo, L. S. -- Correspondence
Degnan, June Oppen, 1918-2001 -- Correspondence
Hindus, Milton -- Correspondence
Fauchereau, Serge -- Correspondence
Laughlin, James, 1914-1997 -- Correspondence
Ignatow, David, 1914-1997 -- Correspondence