Finding aid of the Joseph M. Carrier Papers
Michael C. Oliveira
ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives
909 West Adams Boulevard
Los Angeles, California 90007
Phone: (213) 741-0094
Fax: (213) 741-0220
Email: askone@onearchives.org
URL: http://www.onearchives.org
© 2006
ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives. All rights reserved.
Finding aid of the Joseph M. Carrier Papers
Collection number: Coll2007-001
ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives
Los Angeles,
California
- Processed by:
- Michael C. Oliveira
- Date Completed:
- January 17, 2007
- Encoded by:
- Michael C. Oliveira
© 2006 ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives. All rights reserved.
Processing this collection has been funded by a generous grant
from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission.
Descriptive Summary
Title: Joseph M. Carrier papers
Dates: 1908-2002
Bulk Dates: (bulk
1970-1990)
Collection number: Coll2007-001
Creator:
Carrier, Joseph M., 1927-
Collection Size: 22 archive boxes
9.3 linear feet
Repository:
ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
Los Angeles, California 9007
Abstract: Correspondence, surveys, questionnaires,
interviews, research notes, journal reviews, conference materials, and
published reference materials documenting Carrier's anthropological field
research, particularly in the years 1970-1990, on homosexual behaviors of men
of Spanish and Indian ancestry in Mexico and of Hispanic and Vietnamese males
in Southern California and his work with the Orange County Health Agency AIDS
Community Education Project (ACEP).
Languages:
Languages represented in the collection: English and Spanish
Access
The collection is open to researchers when ONE National Gay &
Lesbian Archives is open, and at other times by appointment. Access to some
documents containing personal identifiable information may be restricted. For
further information, contact the Archives staff.
Publication Rights
Researchers wishing to publish material must obtain permission in
writing from ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives, as physical owner and as
holder of the copyright to the materials.
Preferred Citation
Box #, folder #, Joseph M. Carrier papers, Coll2007-001, ONE National
Gay & Lesbian Archives, Los Angeles, California.
Acquisition Information
Gift of Joseph M. Carrier, June 22, 2006.
Processing Information
Collection processed by Michael C. Oliveira,
January 17, 2007.
Processing this collection has been funded
by a generous grant from the National Historical Publications and Records
Commission.
Biography
Joseph Michel Carrier, Jr., was born on December 23, 1927, in Miami,
Florida. He enlisted in the Marine Corps in 1945, but was still in boot camp
when World War II ended, and was discharged early. After earning a BA in
Geography from the University of Miami in 1950, he was recalled by the Marines
for fourteen months and completed his tour as a sergeant. In 1952, he received
an MA in Economics from Purdue University. The following year Carrier traveled
on a Fulbright Scholarship to India, where he researched the economic effects
of energy resource distribution in the northeastern region of the country. In
1954, he taught geography at the University of Miami. He then relocated to
California where, after a brief stint at North American Aviation, he joined the
Rand Corporation, for whom he worked from 1956 to 1968 as a research analyst on
various projects. In 1968, upon returning to the United States after performing
field research as a counterinsurgency specialist in Vietnam, Carrier was told
of his pending dismissal for "economic reasons." In fact, his fellow employees
in Saigon had reported a suspected homosexual affair with a Vietnamese Air
Force officer to his superior in the Santa Monica office. At the time Rand
considered homosexuals a security risk and subject to dismissal; however
Carrier negotiated his departure from the company without admitting to the
affair. His resignation provided Carrier the opportunity to return to school to
study anthropology. Professor Duane Metzger of the University of California at
Irvine was open to the concept of a graduate student researching male
homosexuality, but advised Carrier to avoid mentioning homosexuality when
applying to the graduate program. The UC Irvine program allowed one off-campus
expert to serve on graduate advisory committees. Carrier sought out Evelyn
Hooker, a UCLA professor and research authority on homosexuality. At Metzger's
suggestion Carrier focused on homosexual behaviors in Mexico. He obtained a
National Institute of Health two-year pre-doctoral fellowship and from the
autumn of 1969 to the spring of 1971, conducted research in Guadalajara,
observing and interviewing urban Mexican mestizos men who had sex with men.
This was the first doctoral-level anthropological field research focused on
homosexual behaviors. He received his Ph.D. the following year.
With no prospects for a position in sex research, Carrier briefly served
as a staff officer at the National Academy of Science, where he researched the
effects of herbicides utilized by American military forces in South Vietnam.
From 1973 to 1987, he worked part-time as an evaluator of experimental law
enforcement programs in the state of California. The part-time nature of this
work allowed Carrier to continue his research, and extend the scope of
fieldwork into the Mexican states he passed through on his drive from
California to Guadalajara. The rise of the AIDS epidemic underscored the
importance of Carrier's work, as his research on Mexican men who have sex with
men provided public health officials with insights on this previously
undocumented world. In the fall of 1987, Carrier joined the Orange County
Health Agency AIDS Community Education Project (ACEP) to develop effective
HIV/AIDS educational materials for the men of Mexican origin in Orange County.
In a county biographical sketch published in 1991 he is described as the health
agency's Chief Social Scientist. He retired in 1992. In his final year with
ACEP, Carrier conducted an ethnographic study of the sexual behaviors of men of
Vietnamese origin in Orange County. He continues to study men of Mexican and
Vietnamese origins in order to develop a greater understanding of their sexual
behaviors that will allow service providers to create and implement more
effective HIV/AIDS educational programs. In 1995, the culmination of more than
twenty-five years of his research,
De Los Otros: Intimacy
and Homosexuality among Mexican Men
was published.
Sources:
Joseph M. Carrier Papers, Coll2007-001, ONE National Gay & Lesbian
Archives, Los Angeles, California.
Carrier, Joseph M.
De los otros intimacy and homosexuality among
Mexican men
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1995),
ix-xxii.
Scope and Content of Collection
The Joseph M. Carrier papers comprise correspondence, surveys,
questionnaires, interviews, research notes, journal reviews, conference
materials, and published reference materials documenting Carrier's
anthropological field research on homosexual behaviors in Mexico and Southern
California and his work with the Orange County Health Agency AIDS Community
Education Project (ACEP). Materials date from 1908 to 2002, with the bulk from
1970 to 1990.
The collection is organized into five series: 1) Correspondence, 2)
Writings, 3) Research, 4) Professional Activities, and 5) Reference Materials.
The Correspondence Series comprises letters related to his research and
professional activities. The Writings Series consists of materials relating to
Carrier's published works, including his book,
De Los
Otros: Intimacy and Homosexuality among Mexican Men
, and journal
articles and reviews. The Research Series comprises Carrier's original field
research materials, including interviews, questionnaires, notes, and analysis
of collected data, relating to the sexual behaviors of Mexican men in Mexico
and Latinos and Vietnamese in Southern California. The Professional Activities
Series documents Carrier's activities as peer reviewer, in particular for the
Journal of Sex Research and the University of
Chicago Press; as a member of the National Institutes of Health Mental Health
AIDS Research Review Committee; as editor of the Anthropology Research Group on
Homosexuality Newsletter (1979-1980); and as a speaker at national conferences.
The Reference Materials Series comprises the bulk of the collection. The
materials include copies of book chapters and journal articles, as well as
typescripts, in particular on HIV/AIDS among Hispanics, ethnicity, gender,
homosexuality, and Vietnamese sexuality. The papers also include materials
acquired by Carrier during the late 1980s and early 1990s as a member of the
Mental Health AIDS Research Review Committee (MHAZ) which reviewed grant
proposals submitted to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Division of
Research for review by the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Mental Health Administration
(ADAMHA) as well as miscellaneous reference materials from the Orange County
Health Agency ACEP program. The materials also include newspaper and magazine
clippings relating primarily to AIDS, gays, and Mexico, and brochures relating
to AIDS/SIDA, and to Carrier's 2001 trip to Thailand.
Indexing Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this
collection in the library's online public access catalog.
AIDS (Disease)--Social aspects
Anthropology--Research--Gay men
Anthropology--Research--Mexico--Guadalajara
Anthropology--Research--Sex behavior--Male
Carrier, Joseph, 1927-
Homosexuality--Mexico--Guadalajara
Gay men--Sexual
behavior--Mexico--Guadalajara
Gay men, Hispanic--Sexual
behavior--California
Gay men, Vietnamese--Sexual
behavior--California
Gay liberation
movement--Mexico--Guadalajara
Sexual behavior
surveys--Mexico--Guadalajara
Container List
Series 1:
Correspondence
1950-2000
Physical Description: 18 folders (0.9 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The files in the Correspondence Series are grouped into general
correspondence, e-mail correspondence, and subject correspondence files. The
general correspondence comprises primarily letters to Carrier, with Carrier’s
response occasionally attached. The folders are in ascending chronological
order, with the materials in each in reverse chronological order, following
Carrier’s original arrangement. Undated materials are placed at the end of the
group. The series includes two folders of printouts of e-mail correspondence,
one of general correspondence, the other of correspondence relating to
Carrier’s trip to Thailand in 2001. The subject files comprise several files
created by Carrier. The Clark L. Taylor file includes correspondence concerning
the organization of a workshop on homosexual research, as well as several of
Taylor's typescripts. José Moreno was one of several Carrier research subjects
who continued to correspond with him, and the file includes correspondence and
interview notes utilized by Carrier in his research. Carrier also created
subject correspondence files on the UCLA Gender Clinic, an article on the Omani
xanith, and a review essay on homosexuality by Robert Endelman. The Evelyn
Hooker correspondence file was created in the course of processing the
collection.
General
1950-2000,
undated
Box : Folder 2 : 6
E-mail Carrier Thailand trip
2001-2002
Clark L. Taylor Jr.
1974-1994
Box : Folder 3 : 2
Omani xanith and Robert Endelman controversies
1979-1985
Series 2:
Writings
1971-2000
Physical Description: 13 folders(0.8 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Writing Series is arranged chronologically and consists of hand
written notes, typescript draft and page proofs of
De Los Otros: Intimacy and Homosexuality
among Mexican Men
. The bulk of the series contains Carrier's
typescript drafts and articles on Mexican male sexual behavior with other men
with later articles examining the AIDS epidemic in Latino populations in Mexico
and southern California. Notes and note cards found loose in Carrier's papers
may be found in the miscellaneous folders in the Research Series.
Box : Folder 3 : 4
De Los Otros correspondence
1994-2000
Box : Folder 3 : 7-8
De Los Otros page proofs
1995
Box : Folder 4 : 1
Published articles and reviews
1974-1993
Typescript articles
1971-1975
Series 3:
Research
1943-1995
Physical Description: 30 folders(1.6 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Research Series comprises Carrier's research materials on the
sexual behaviors of Mexican men in Mexico and Latinos and Vietnamese in
Southern California. They are arranged chronologically, from Carrier’s
proposals, through his interview notes and completed respondent questionnaires,
to his analysis of the collected data. The bulk of the series consists of
Carrier’s original notes and research in Guadalajara in 1968-1971. Carrier
maintained contact with several respondents, and correspondence with these
individuals will be found in the Correspondence Series. The series also
includes materials concerning the gay liberation organization in Guadalajara,
Grupo de Orgullo Homosexual de Liberación (GOHL).
Box : Folder 5 : 3
Research and fellowship proposal
1969-1971
Box : Folder 5 : 4-5
Mexican census data and analysis
1960-1970
Interview notes
1970-1988
Box : Folder 6 : 3
Interview analysis
circa 1971
Box : Folder 6 : 4
Field notes and diary
1969-1971
Miscellaneous notes and research materials
1961-1991
Box : Folder 6 : 8
Mexican-American interview notes
1943-1977
Box : Folder 7 : 1
Grupo de Orgullo Homosexual de Liberación,
GOHL
1981-1995
Box : Folder 7 : 2
Orange County interview notes
1984-1988
Box : Folder 7 : 3
Field and interview notes
1985-1991
Box : Folder 7 : 4
Orange County research proposal
1986-1988
Box : Folder 7 : 5
SIDA/STD questionnaires
1986-1991
SIDA questionnaires
1986-1988
Box : Folder 7 : 8
SIDA questionnaires analysis
1988
Box : Folder 8 : 1-2
Mexican cultural questionnaires
1988-1990
Box : Folder 8 : 3
Miscellaneous interview notes
1989-1993
Vietnamese AIDS study
1986-1993
Box : Folder 8 : 4
Administrative documents
1991-1992
Box : Folder 8 : 8
Reference materials
1986-1993
Series 4:
Professional Activities
1975-2000
Physical Description:
13 folders(0.7 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
This series contains materials relating to Carrier’s professional
activities. It consists of three subseries: 1) Reviews, 2) the Anthropology
Research Group on Homosexuality Newsletter (ARGOH), and 3) Professional
Conferences.
Subseries 4.1:
Reviews
1988-1999
Physical Description: 3 folders(0.2 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Reviews Subseries consists of Carrier's review of articles and
manuscripts for publishers, including his peer reviews for Journal of Sex
Research and University of Chicago Press. The correspondence and typescript
documents in the University of Chicago file relate primarily to Annick Prieur.
The subseries also includes Carrier’s reviews of grant applications for the
National Institutes of Health Mental Health AIDS Research Review Committee
(MHAZ). Some of the grant materials reviewed by Carrier can be found in the
Research Materials Series, Grants Subseries. A number of Carrier's published
reviews of articles and works are located in the Writings Series.
Box : Folder 8 : 9
NIH Mental Health AIDS Research Review
Committee
1988-1989
Box : Folder 9 : 1
Journal of Sex Research
1991-1993
Box : Folder 9 : 2
University of Chicago Press and Annick
Prieur
1994-1999
Subseries 4.2:
ARGOH Newsletter
1976-1980
Physical Description: 4 folders(0.3 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
Carrier edited the Anthropology Research Group on Homosexuality
(ARGOH) Newsletter in 1979-1980, and this subseries comprises editorial
correspondence, administrative materials, such as mailing lists, and copies of
the newsletter itself.
Subseries 4.3:
Conference Materials
1975-2000
Physical Description: 6 folders(0.2 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
This subseries documents Carrier's speaking engagements at various
professional conferences. The files include conference materials, programs, and
correspondence. The Binational AIDS Conference file contains a draft of
Carrier's conference presentation for the conference.
Box : Folder 9 : 7
International Academy of Sex Research (IASR)
1975-1993
Box : Folder 9 : 8
Gay Academic Union (GAU)
1976-1978
Box : Folder 9 : 9
Latinos and AIDS: A National Strategy
Symposium
1988
Box : Folder 10 : 1
Bi-National AIDS conference
1990
Box : Folder 10 : 2
Ethnographic Methods in HIV/AIDS Research
2000
Box : Folder 10 : 3
Miscellaneous brochures and conference
materials
1975-1996
Series 5:
Reference Materials
1908-2002
Physical Description: 89 folders(3.7 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Reference Material Series contains English- and Spanish-language
materials collected by Carrier in the course of his research and professional
contacts. The documents are organized into the following subseries: 1)
unpublished typescripts, 2) book chapters and journal articles, 3) grants, 4)
clippings, and 5) brochures. The documents in each category are arranged
alphabetically by general topic.
Subseries 5.1:
Unpublished Typescripts
1955-2002
Physical Description: 19 folders(0.8 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The typescripts include unpublished and draft documents arranged
alphabetically into the following topics: AIDS and ethnic minorities; AIDS and
gay men; AIDS and Hispanics/Latinas; AIDS miscellaneous; AIDS in other
countries (not United States); AIDS prevention; anthropological research in
Oceania; gay liberation in Latin America; gay Mexicans; gay youth;
miscellaneous documents on Hispanics; HIV; homosexuality in general;
homosexuality in South America; miscellaneous; promiscuity and gays; sexual
identity; and sexuality.
Box : Folder 10 : 4
AIDS - Ethnic minorities
1968-1988
Box : Folder 10 : 6
AIDS - Hispanics and Latinas
1987-1991
Box : Folder 10 : 8
AIDS - Other countries
1987
Box : Folder 10 : 9
AIDS - Prevention
1985-1987
Box : Folder 10 : 10
Anthropology research - Oceania
1974
Box : Folder 11 :
3
Gay liberation movement - Latin America
1991-1999,
undated
Box : Folder 11 : 7
Homosexuality - South America
1974
Box : Folder 11 : 10
Promiscuity - gay
1969-1989
Subseries 5.2:
Book Chapters & Journal Articles
1908-2002
Physical Description: 32 folders(1.4 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Book Chapters and Journal Articles files are arranged
alphabetically on the following topics: AIDS anthropological and behavioral,
AIDS governmental publications Mexico; AIDS governmental publications United
States; AIDS and Hispanics, AIDS in medical journals, AIDS in Mexico and along
the United States and Mexican border; Africa miscellaneous; Barrio language
dictionary; culture miscellaneous; ethnicity; gender; HIV; homosexual
adaptations, homosexuality and the law, homosexuality with Carrier marginalia,
homosexuality, immigration, invectives, machismo, Mexican culture, poor and
medical care, mental health, miscellaneous, pornography, prostitution, sexual
behavior, sexuality, sexuality in Polynesia, sexually transmitted diseases,
sexuality in Vietnam, and transvestism.
Box : Folder 12 : 1
AIDS - anthropological and behavioral
1984-1990
Box : Folder 12 : 2
AIDS - governmental publications - Mexico
1986-1990
Box : Folder 12 : 3
AIDS - governmental publications - United
States
1988-1991
Box : Folder 12 : 4
AIDS - Hispanics
1990-1999
Box : Folder 12 : 5
AIDS - medical journals
1984-1990
Box : Folder 12 : 6
AIDS - Mexico, Mexico and US border
1989-1992
Box : Folder 12 : 7
Anthropological studies - Africa
1961-1976
Box : Folder 12 : 8
Barrio language dictionary
1974
Box : Folder 12 : 9
Concepts of culture
1945-1992
Box : Folder 13 :
4
Homosexual adaptions
1974,
undated
Box : Folder 13 : 5
Homosexuality - Law
1968-1977
Box : Folder 13 :
7
Homosexuality
1987-1989,
undated
Box : Folder 13 : 8
Homosexuality with marginalia
1908-1991
Box : Folder 14 : 1
Latin American / Mexican culture
1954-1977
Box : Folder 14 : 6
Poor - Medical care
1989-1990
Box : Folder 14 : 9
Sexual behavior
1963-1990
Box : Folder 15 : 2
Sexuality - Polynesia
undated
Box : Folder 15 : 3
Sexuality - Vietnam, Vietnamese
1995-2002
Box : Folder 15 : 4
Sexually transmitted diseases
1972-1991
Subseries 5.3:
Grants
1985-1990
Physical Description: 24 folders(1.5 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The Grants Subseries comprises materials acquired by Carrier as a
member of the Mental Health AIDS Research Review Committee (MHAZ), which
reviewed proposals submitted to the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Division of
Research, as well as materials Carrier acquired while employed by the Orange
County Health Agency AIDS Community Education Project (ACEP). The files are
arranged in three broad categories: 1) proposals and grant applications; 2)
articles and reports; and 3) miscellaneous. The proposals and grant
applications consist of the appendix of a proposal or grant request of Susan
Folkman, and documents on AIDS risk reduction among Black gay men; the effects
of bereavement in partners of persons with AIDS; and the following grant
applications for studies on: social factors in gay men and HIV; HIV
seropositive asymptomatic Hispanics and Anglos; AIDS and adolescents; living
with AIDS; interpersonal relationships and AIDS; an HIV/AIDS study
questionnaire; and a cultural life style inventory. The articles and reports
consist of typescripts and journal articles including HIV/AIDS, Hispanic
smoking cessation, behavioral factors and HIV, heterosexual anal intercourse
and AIDS; adolescent AIDS awareness, minority mental health research center,
and planning in Latino communities. The miscellaneous files comprise
administrative materials from the Orange County Health Agency AIDS Community
Education Project (ACEP).
Proposals and grant application
Box : Folder 16 : 7-17 :4
HIV/AIDS articles and reports
1985-1990
Box : Folder 17 : 5
Hispanic smoking cessation project
1986
Box : Folder 15 : 6-7
AIDS risk reduction among black gay men
1988
Box : Folder 17 : 6
Behavioral factors and HIV
1988
Box : Folder 15 : 8
Effects of bereavement in partners of persons with
AIDS
1988
Box : Folder 16 : 1
Social factors gay men and HIV
1988
Box : Folder 17 : 7
Heterosexual anal intercourse and AIDS
1988
Box : Folder 16 : 2
HIV/AIDS study questionnaires
1989
Box : Folder 16 : 3
HIV seropositive asymptomatic Hispanics and Anglos
Study
1989
Box : Folder 16 : 4
Interpersonal relationships / HIV
1989
Box : Folder 16 : 5
AIDS and adolescents
1990
Box : Folder 17 : 8
Adolescent AIDS awareness
1988-1989
Box : Folder 18 : 1-3
Minority mental health research center
1990
Box : Folder 18 : 4
HIV/AIDS planning in Latino communities
1991
Box : Folder 18 : 5-6
Orange County Health Care Agency
1988-1993
Box : Folder 18 :
7
Questionnaires
circa
1990
Subseries 5.4:
Clippings
1964-2000
Physical Description: 12 folders(1.3 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The clippings files are arranged alphabetically into the following
topics and subtopics: AIDS; AIDS/SIDA and Hispanics; gay rights in Guadalajara;
violence against gays; homosexuality; miscellaneous, Mexico; motion pictures
and televisions; prostitution; and sexuality. The series also includes Mexican
tabloid newspapers,
Alarma and
Alerta concerning homosexuality, transvestites,
and violence against gays located in an oversized box.
Box : Folder 19 : 1
AIDS/SIDA - Hispanic
1986-1992
Box : Folder 19 : 2
Gay Rights in Guadalajara
1989-2000
Box : Folder 19 : 3
Gays - violence
1975-1995
Box : Folder 19 : 8
Motion pictures and television
1975-1986
Box : Folder 20
Mexican tabloid newspapers
1970-1982
Subseries 5.5:
Brochures
1986-2001
Physical Description: 18 folders(0.1 linear
feet)
Scope and Content Note
The brochures files contain AIDS/SIDA brochures, primarily from
southern California and Mexico, as well as various brochures Carrier collected
on his 2001 trip to Southeast Asia, including gender studies programs, AIDS and
sexually transmitted disease prevention programs, and gay bars.
Box : Folder 19 : 11-12
AIDS / SIDA Brochures
1986-1992
Box : Folder 19 : 13
Miscellaneous brochures Asia trip
2001
