The founder and longtime president of Union Oil Company, this Presbyterian layperson supported a variety of conservative and revivalist ministries in California and beyond. In Los Angeles Stewart (1840-1923) developed a Bible publishing business, supported ministries to immigrant Chinese workers as well as missionaries to China and the publication of Chinese Bibles, and in 1908 was instrumental in the establishment of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, now Biola University. Concerned about modernism, Stewart began to support what would become known as fundamentalism. He was instrumental in the organization of conferences and the publication of The Fundamentals (1910-1915).

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