Guide to the Alfred A. Hart Photographs

Finding aid prepared by compiled by Daniel Hartwig

Stanford University Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives.

Stanford, California

January 2011

Overview

Call Number: PC0002

Creator: Hart, Alfred A., 1816-1908

Title: Alfred A. Hart photographs

Dates: 1862-1869

Physical Description: 1 album(s) 375 unbound photoprints: albumen, 375 photonegatives and 154 photoprints: stereograph, mounted.

Language(s): The materials are in English.

Repository: Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives.

Stanford University Libraries.

557 Escondido Mall

Stanford, CA 94305

Email: speccollref@stanford.edu

Phone: (650) 725-1022

URL: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/spc/spc.html

Administrative Information

Information about Access

Open for research.

Ownership & Copyright

The material is in the public domain. There are no restrictions on use.

Cite As

Alfred A. Hart Photographs (PC0002). Department of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.

Alternative Formats

The photographs have been digitized and are available online here: http://purl.stanford.edu/nj339gb1246#

Biographical/Historical note

Alfred A. Hart, born in Norwich, Connecticut on March 16, 1816, was the principal photographer for the Central Pacific Railroad during the construction of the Overland Route. He photographed the construction from 1865 to 1869 when the last spike was driven by Leland Stanford at Promontory, Utah on May 10, 1869.

Although he worked as a photographer as early as 1857, Hart was trained as a portrait and landscape artist; after his work for the Central Pacific, he continued to paint and was awarded the gold medal for his paintings at an exhibition at the California State Fair in 1872. Nonetheless, Hart is remembered for his work in visually documenting the construction of the western half of the first transcontinental railroad.

It is not clear just how Hart managed to be hired as principal photographer for the CPRR. Ironically, Carleton E. Watkins was a life-long friend of Collis P. Huntington (CPRR's business manager), and Watkins performed as a photographer for the railway after Hart's commission was completed. It is possible that Watkins was so well known during the time of the railroad construction that the Central Pacific may have thought his professional fees would have been more demanding than Alfred Hart's. Yet, according to Charles B. Turrill, photographer and biographer of Carleton Watkins, the friendship between Huntington and Watkins was so dear that bills and payments were of secondary consideration, and that Watkins did not require any payment for his services with the Central Pacific. Because we are lacking information about Hart and Watkins it is difficult to draw clear conclusions as to why Hart was given this opportunity instead of Watkins.

Hart quite clearly and consciously used his artistic talents while giving an honest representation of the railroad construction. Andrew Russell, photographer for the Union Pacific Railroad, undoubtedly attempted to bring art into the documentation of his portion of the railroad line, but he was at a circumstantial disadvantage because his route was more desolate. The terrain in Hart's territory was much more aesthetically pleasing, and offered a wider variety of back-drops to his construction scenes. While Russell focused much more on trains, construction and frontier towns along the way, Hart was able to turn his camera to mountain lakes and quiet river banks, giving his images a more universal appeal competitive with landscape photography of his day. Hart's highly artistic railroad views were much more than mere documentation; they were such fine examples of photographic imagery that they were able to help set a trend of producing stereo cards in special series independent of the railway commission and separate from large publishers. Selling his stereo views thus became a successful commercial endeavor.

Hart was working in a period when the wet collodion plate was the most modern process available. This cumbersome process was a vast improvement over the earlier daguerreotype in that it produced a more desirable image with a more realistic reproduction, even though the process itself was complicated. Collodion had to be applied evenly on a clean glass plate, which was sensitized in a bath of silver nitrate. Next, the photographer had to wait a few minutes to allow the bromides and iodides of the prepared collodion to react with the silver nitrate; then a minutes-long exposure was made while the plate was still wet. Removing the still-wet plate from the camera while in a darkened area, the photographer quickly poured developing solution evenly over the glass. From this point the glass had to be rinsed thoroughly with clean water, a commodity not always readily available to field photographers. The image was then fixed by immersing the plate in a solvent of silver iodide until the salts were freed. Again the glass had to be rinsed to rid it of all chemicals, and then it was dried by passing it over the heat of a lamp flame. Finally, the plate was varnished (while still warm from the lamp) in order to protect the emulsion.

In addition to all this hazardous chemical processing Alfred Hart had to endure, as a field photographer his equipment consisted of a view camera (probably about 18 by 22 inches from front to back), complete with tripod, plate holder and slides, all made from solid wood. Other items on his list of weighty, but essential, equipment were ground glass, lenses, shutters, glass plates, and a dark tent, all of which had to be transported above and beyond points reached by railroad workers.

After 1869 Hart continued to work as a photographer and moved around the country selling his photographs. Carleton Watkins acquired some of Hart's negatives in 1869 where they were kept in his San Francisco studio. Prints from the negatives were sold to the public. Unfortunately, Hart's negatives were destroyed the 1906 earthquake along with the rest of Watkins' studio, but not before enough prints had been produced and sold to allow for the survival of most of the Central Pacific Railroad collection.

From 1872 to 1878 Hart worked in San Francisco as a portrait and landscape painter. He died on March 5, 1908 at the Alameda County Infirmary.

Taken from Mary Blessing's essay,"Alfred A. Hart: Frontier Photographer," 1979

For more information about Hart and his photographic techniques, see Glenn Willumson's master's thesis Alfred A. Hart: Photographer of the Transcontinental Railroad. (UC Davis, 1984)

Scope and Contents note

The Alfred A. Hart Collection includes one photograph album of 365 images, and 106 stereographs. The majority of the stereographs are duplicate images from the album. However, there are also ten stereographs of the home of Leland and Jane Stanford in Sacramento (images that do not appear in the album).

The album measures 33 cm x 27 cm x 6 cm (13" x 10.5" x 2.5") and has been disbound (The binding has not survived.). There are 49 gilt-edged boards, constituting 94 pages of photographs. There are 4 photographs per page. The photographs have been arranged in geographic order, from California to Utah. Some of the pages have fewer than four photographs. These are:

Page 6: 2 photographs only Page 65: 1 photograph only Page 70: 3 photographs only Page 71: 1 photograph only Page 94: 3 photographs only

There are four blank pages in the album that were not numbered:

--Between pages 59 and 60 --Between pages 70 and 71 --Between pages 71 and 72 --Between pages 74 and 75

The numbered stereographs are arranged numerically in four boxes. The fifth stereograph box contains the ten photographs of the Stanford family house in Sacramento (interior and exterior views). There are two stereographic images that do not appear in the album. These are #489 ("Snow Scene in the Mountains") and #494 ("Snow Shoes"). For better access to the images, the photographs in the album have been indexed in an online catalogue with the following seven fields:

1) Image number 2) Title of image 3) Subjects 4) Geographic sequence number 5) Geographic area 6) Existence of a stereograph for the album images 7) Page number of the album

The records for these fields have been sorted, and these reports constitute the core of the guide to the Hart collection.

The image numbers, titles, and geographic areas were assigned by Hart. The geographic sequence number, subjects, indication as to whether a stereograph exists for an image, and the page numbers of the album, were assigned by the indexer.

Image number

Each photograph has a unique number assigned by Hart. The following numbers were not used by Hart in the album at Stanford University: 208, 219, 238, 306, 307, 308, 309. There are also two photographs numbered"275." For indexing purposes, these have been assigned the numbers"275a" and"275b." These photographs are both entitled "Eagle Gap. Truckee River" but each is a unique view.

Title of image

Each photograph has a title assigned by Hart. Often the altitude and distance from Sacramento is included.

Subjects

The Hart photographs richly illustrate people, places, and things: the construction of a nineteenth-century railroad in all its phases (excavations of the road, grading, track laying, trestle construction, tunnel digging, etc.); locomotives; train cars (boxcars, flatcars, cabooses, etc.); laborers (Caucasian and Chinese); Native Americans; topographic features (mountains, valleys, deserts, rivers, lakes); and frontier town scenes. To help make these images accessible to researchers of wide-ranging interests, subjects have been used to index them. The number of subjects varies according to what was captured in the photograph. For example, image #26 is a simple photograph of a ravine, and"Auburn Ravine" is the only subject given to this photograph. On the other hand, #211"West Portal Tunnel No. 1, Grizzly Hill" (which includes a train), has been assigned many subjects:"Tunnel No. 1," "Grizzly Hill,""Locomotive,""Boxcar," and"Combine car."

In addition to named mountains, rivers, lakes, towns, and people, the following subject words are used:

Boxcar Palisades Boy Passengers Brewery Quarry Bridge Ravine Caboose River Camera and photographer Sawmill Camp Snowbank Canyon Snowplow Chinese Snowshed Combine car Stagecoach Culvert Teamsters Depot Telegraph pole Embankment Train Excursion party Trestle Flatcar Tunnel Girl Turntable Handcar Valley Indian Wagon road Laborers Wagon train Lake Wagons Locomotive Water tank Lumberyard Water train Waterfall

Geographic sequence number

Hart did not take the photographs in precise chronological or geographic order, but for presentation of the images in the album, he arranged them geographically from the start of construction in Sacramento to the completion in Promontory, Utah. Thus, image #1, a photograph of the locomotive Governor Stanford, happens to appear as the twenty-second photograph on album page seven. Another example, image #234, a view of the wharves in Sacramento, is the first image on page one of the album.

To assist the user who is interested in the geographic element of the photographs, and/or the geographic progression of the images, a geographic sequence number was given each photograph. In this way, other subjects of the photograph can be linked to the geographic area and sequencing of each photograph, such as mountains, deserts, valleys, rivers.

There are four photographs per page, and the geographic sequence numbering begins on the top left, to the top right, to the bottom left, to the bottom right, in this manner: G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 on page one; G-5, G-6, G-7, G-8 on page two, etc. For example, G-1 (#234) is"Railroad Wharves at Sacramento City." G-168 (#99) is"Cisco, Placer County." G-289 (#284) is"Freight Depots at Reno," and the last photograph in the album is G-365 (#364),"Railroad at Ogden, Wahsatch Range in Distance."

Geographic area

Each photograph is included in one of seven broad geographic areas, assigned by Hart. These are:

1)"Valley of the Sacramento" 2)"Sierra Nevada Mountains, Western Summit" 3)"Sierra Nevada Mountains, Donner Lake" 4)"Sierra Nevada Mountains, Truckee River, Eastern Summit" 5)"Washoe Range, Truckee River" 6)"Humboldt River, The Desert" 7)"Wahsatch Range, Great Salt Lake"

Stereograph

Hart had stereographs made for several of the images that appear in the album. To indicate whether a stereograph exists for any particular image, a simple"yes" or"no" was used.

Page number of album

Each album page was numbered, and each photograph has its page number associated with it in the index.

Access Terms

Central Pacific Railroad--Construction.;

Hart, Alfred A.

Kamena, Ruth M.

California--Description and travel--Views.

Central Pacific Railroad

Photographs.

Railroads

Collection Contents

Photograph album

Photograph album

view online item

Box 1

Page 01 item 144 american river bridge 400 feet long

Box 1

Page 01 item 234 railroad wharves at sacramento city

Box 1

Page 01 item 235 j street sacramento city from the levee

Box 1

Page 01 item 832 levee at sacramento looking north from steamer

Box 1

Page 02 item 134 dry creek bridge 17 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 02 item 135 locomotive on trestle near american river

Box 1

Page 02 item 137 bound for the mountains 12 mile tangent 4 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 02 item 148 view of american river bridge near view 3 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 03 item 140 rocklin granite quarry 23 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 03 item 147 train at griffiths station placer county

Box 1

Page 03 item 232 capitol granite quarry at rocklin 22 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 03 item 233 cutting granite at rocklin 22 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 04 item 136 train and curve jenny lind flat

Box 1

Page 04 item 143 griffiths granite station

Box 1

Page 04 item 240 engine house and train rocklin 22 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 04 item 241 engine house and turntable rocklin 22 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 05 item 139 locomotive on turntable

Box 1

Page 05 item 141 tangent belo pino 22 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 05 item 142 antelope ridge near new castle 30 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 05 item 146 train on embankment above pino with hand car near

Box 1

Page 06 item 138 freight depot at new castle placer county 31 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 06 item 145 building trestle at new castle placer county

Box 1

Page 07 item 1 locomotive gov stanford

Box 1

Page 07 item 2 trestle at newcastle placer county

Box 1

Page 07 item 3 view at newcastle 31 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 07 item 4 road above newcastle placer county

Box 1

Page 08 item 5 view in dutch ravine placer county

Box 1

Page 08 item 6 view in dutch ravine 32 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 08 item 7 embankment in dutch ravine above newcastle

Box 1

Page 08 item 8 approaching bloomer cut from the west

Box 1

Page 09 item 10 bloomer cut birdseye view 63 feet deep 800 long

Box 1

Page 09 item 11 bloomer cut and embankment looking east

Box 1

Page 09 item 12 bloomer cut 63 feet high looking west

Box 1

Page 09 item 9 bloomer cut 800 feet long looking east

Box 1

Page 10 item 13 view in bloomer cut near auburn

Box 1

Page 10 item 14 bloomer cut eastern portion 34 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 10 item 15 high bank baltimore ravine

Box 1

Page 10 item 231 bloomer cut near auburn 800 feet long and 63 feet high

Box 1

Page 11 item 16 rock cut near auburn placer county

Box 1

Page 11 item 17 rock ravine near auburn

Box 1

Page 11 item 18 high embankment near auburn

Box 1

Page 11 item 19 trestle at station at auburn

Box 1

Page 12 item 20 cut near auburn station placer county

Box 1

Page 12 item 21 auburn depot altitude 1385 feet 36 miles from Sacramento

Box 1

Page 12 item 22 road east of station at auburn

Box 1

Page 12 item 23 road in auburn ravine placer county

Box 1

Page 13 item 24 lime point above auburn

Box 1

Page 13 item 25 high embankment auburn ravine

Box 1

Page 13 item 26 auburn ravine placer county

Box 1

Page 13 item 27 trestle near lovells ranch 40 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 14 item 28 road and trestle near lovells ranch

Box 1

Page 14 item 29 trestle in clipper ravine near clipper gap

Box 1

Page 14 item 30 trestle bridge 120 feet high 600 feet long clipper ravine

Box 1

Page 14 item 31 trestle bridge clipper ravine near view

Box 1

Page 15 item 242 west of clipper gap placer county

Box 1

Page 15 item 243 clipper gap 43 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 15 item 244 cut near new england mills 49 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 15 item 32 view above clipper gap placer county

Box 1

Page 16 item 33 locomotive nevada at colfax placer county

Box 1

Page 16 item 34 locomotive atlantic at colfax placer county

Box 1

Page 16 item 35 depot at colfax 500 feet long 55 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 16 item 36 colfax from the south altitude 2448 feet

Box 1

Page 17 item 149 colfax looking west item llinoistown in distance

Box 1

Page 17 item 150 colfax looking east cape horn 4 miles and giants gap 20 miles distant

Box 1

Page 17 item 37 teamsters camp at colfax placer county

Box 1

Page 17 item 38 canyon of american river from near colfax cape horn and railroad on the left.tif

Box 1

Page 18 item 39 long ravine bridge from the top of cape horn

Box 1

Page 18 item 40 long ravine bridge from the west 56 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 18 item 41 long ravine bridge near colfax length 1050 feet

Box 1

Page 18 item 42 long ravine bridge from below 120 feet high

Box 1

Page 19 item 151 cape horn from ravine below

Box 1

Page 19 item 152 cape horn from american river railroad 1400 feet above

Box 1

Page 19 item 245 railroad around cape horn from the canyon

Box 1

Page 19 item 43 cape horn and railroad from the west hight above ravine 1400 feet

Box 1

Page 20 item 44 american river and canyon from cape horn river below railroad 1400 feet 57 miles ...

Box 1

Page 20 item 57 excursion train at cape horn 3 miles above colfax

Box 1

Page 20 item 58 secret ravine item owa hill in the distance 61 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 20 item 6 rounding cape horn road to item owa hill from the river in the distance

Box 1

Page 21 item 229 american river bridge railroad around cape horn 1400 feet above

Box 1

Page 21 item 230 view on the american river below cape horn

Box 1

Page 21 item 45 sawmill and cut east of cape horn 59 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 21 item 46 deep cut at trail ridge length 1000 feet

Box 1

Page 22 item 47 secrettown 62 miles from sacramento altitude 3000 feet

Box 1

Page 22 item 48 secrettown trestle from the west length 1100 feet

Box 1

Page 22 item 49 secrettown trestle from the east hight 90 feet

Box 1

Page 22 item 74 secrettown bridge 1100 feet long 62 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 23 item 50 tunnel hill cut depth 111 feet 63 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 23 item 51 bear river valley near gold run you bet and mines in the distance

Box 1

Page 23 item 52 bear river valley near gold run little york mines in the distance

Box 1

Page 23 item 59 hornet hill cut west of gold run 50 feet deep

Box 1

Page 24 item 53 cut through dixie spur 64 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 24 item 54 gold run and railroad cut altitude 3245 feet

Box 1

Page 24 item 55 flume and railroad at gold run 64 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 24 item 60 train in dixie cut gold run station placer county

Box 1

Page 25 item 61 hydraulic mining at gold run placer county

Box 1

Page 25 item 62 embankment below dutch flat placer county

Box 1

Page 25 item 63 dutch flat placer county 67 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 25 item 64 dutch flat station 67 miles from sacramento altitude 3416 feet

Box 1

Page 26 item 65 forest view near dutch flat placer county

Box 1

Page 26 item 66 sandstone cut near alta placer county

Box 1

Page 26 item 67 alta from the south altitude 3635 feet 69 miles from Sacramento

Box 1

Page 26 item 68 alta from the north altitude 3635 feet 69 miles from Sacramento

Box 1

Page 27 item 69 the huntington at alta placer county

Box 1

Page 27 item 70 blasting at chalk bluffs above alta cut 60 feet deep

Box 1

Page 27 item 73 cut above alta placer county

Box 1

Page 27 item 75 superintendent strobridge and family at alta

Box 1

Page 28 item 153 hog's back cut 60 feet deep 2 miles above alta

Box 1

Page 28 item 71 building bank across canyon creek 87 feet high

Box 1

Page 28 item 72 culvert at canyon creek 185 feet long 12 feet span

Box 1

Page 28 item 77 green valley and giants gap american river 1500 feet below railroad

Box 1

Page 29 item 154 american river from green bluffs

Box 1

Page 29 item 155 view of the forks of the american river 3 miles above alta

Box 1

Page 29 item 76 giants gap american river 2500 feet perpendicular 72 miles from sac

Box 1

Page 29 item 78 green bluffs 1500 feet above american river 71 miles from sac

Box 1

Page 30 item 79 view west of prospect hill 75 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 30 item 80 prospect hill from camp 21 75 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 30 item 81 little blue canyon 74 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 30 item 82 prospect hill cut upper slope 170 feet

Box 1

Page 31 item 156 prospect hill cut 150 feet deep 74 feet wide

Box 1

Page 31 item 216 view at shady run 73 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 31 item 83 prospect hill cut from the north

Box 1

Page 31 item 84 view at china ranch 75 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 32 item 157 railroad west from fort point 76 miles

Box 1

Page 32 item 85 fort point cut 70 feet deep 600 feet long

Box 1

Page 32 item 86 view north of fort point 76 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 32 item 87 horse ravine 77 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 33 item 158 across blue canyon looking east

Box 1

Page 33 item 211 west portal tunnel no 1 grizzly hill

Box 1

Page 33 item 88 horse ravine wall and grizzly hill tunnel 77 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 33 item 89 grizzly hill tunnel from the north 500 feet long

Box 1

Page 34 item 159 blue canyon embankment 75 feet high

Box 1

Page 34 item 160 blue canyon 79 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 34 item 161 across blue canyon looking west

Box 1

Page 34 item 90 bank and cut at sailors spur 80 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 35 item 162 lost camp spur cut 80 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 35 item 163 frame for snow covering interior view

Box 1

Page 35 item 91 owl gap cut 900 feet long 45 feet deep 80 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 35 item 92 heath's ravine bank 80 feet high 82 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 36 item 164 emigrant gap snow plow and turntable

Box 1

Page 36 item 168 bear valley 85 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 36 item 214 eimgrant gap ridge 84 miles old man mountain red mountain castle peak

Box 1

Page 36 item 215 bear valley and yuba canyon from emigrant gap

Box 1

Page 37 item 165 emigrant gap west from tunnel

Box 1

Page 37 item 166 emigrant gap tunnel wall and snow covering

Box 1

Page 37 item 167 emigrant gap looking east yuba mountains in distance

Box 1

Page 37 item 169 valley north fork of yuba above emigrant gap old man mountains

Box 1

Page 38 item 170 cement ridge old man mountain in distance

Box 1

Page 38 item 171 millers bluffs near crystal lake old man mountain in distance

Box 1

Page 38 item 172 echo point opposite crystal lake looking west

Box 1

Page 38 item 173 echo point and rattlesnake mountain near crystal lake

Box 1

Page 39 item 102 hieroglyphic rocks on the yuba river near crystal lake

Box 1

Page 39 item 103 hieroglyphic rocks on the yuba river near crystal lake

Box 1

Page 39 item 174 railroad below cisco and crystal lake

Box 1

Page 39 item 177 foot of black butte above crystal lake

Box 1

Page 40 item 176 black butte 91 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 40 item 177 crystal lake and railroad from black butte

Box 1

Page 40 item 178 south yuba valley and summit from black butte

Box 1

Page 40 item 186 view of the south yuba below cisco

Box 1

Page 41 item 93 black butte and crystal lake 90 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 41 item 94 crystal lake altitude 5907 feet 90 miles from sacramento

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Page 41 item 95 crystal lake house 90 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 41 item 96 cascades on the yuba river near crystal lake

Box 1

Page 42 item 100 yuba cascade and hieroglyphic rocks on yuba river near crystal lake

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Page 42 item 101 hieroglyphic rocks on the yuba river near crystal lake

Box 1

Page 42 item 97 rattlesnake mountain and cascades on yuba river near cisco

Box 1

Page 42 item 98 black butte from the north

Box 1

Page 43 item 181 north fork of south yuba near meadow lake

Box 1

Page 43 item 210 loaded teams from cisco

Box 1

Page 43 item 212 north fork of yuba river between cisco and meadow lake

Box 1

Page 43 item 99 cisco placer county 92 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 44 item 104 yuba river above cisco placer county

Box 1

Page 44 item 105 new hampshire rocks on yuba river summer view 96 miles from sac

Box 1

Page 44 item 179 old man mountain near meadow lake altitude 7500

Box 1

Page 44 item 180 meadow lake 6800 elevation knickerbocker hill and old man mountain

Box 1

Page 45 item 183 main street upper cisco 5911 feet elevation

Box 1

Page 45 item 184 upper cisco rattlesnake and yuba mountains

Box 1

Page 45 item 185 depot at cisco altitude 5900 feet

Box 1

Page 45 item 213 snow covering below cisco

Box 1

Page 46 item unnumbered 210 written in pencil

Box 1

Page 46 item 182 oneonta at cisco

Box 1

Page 46 item 217 all aboard for virginia city wells fargo co express

Box 1

Page 46 item 239 snow plow at cisco

Box 1

Page 47 item 106 new hampshire falls on yuba river summerview 96 miles from sac

Box 1

Page 47 item 107 new hampshire rocks looking down the river

Box 1

Page 47 item 108 scene on yuba river above cisco

Box 1

Page 47 item 248 lower cascade near long side track

Box 1

Page 48 item 247 frame of snow covering 90 miles from sacramento

Box 1

Page 48 item 249 lower cascade bridge above cisco

Box 1

Page 48 item 250 upper cascade 98 miles from sacramento

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Page 48 item 251 upper cascade bridge above cisco

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Page 49 item 109 summit valley altitude 696- feet emigrant mt and rr pass in dist

Box 1

Page 49 item 133 stumps cut by donner party in 1846 summit valley

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Page 49 item 218 tunnel no 3 above cisco

Box 1

Page 49 item 608 snow at cisco in the month of may

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Page 50 item 110 castle peak from lava bluff 10000 feet above the sea western summit

Box 1

Page 50 item 111 castle peak and yuba river from summit valley 102 miles from sac

Box 1

Page 50 item 188 castle peak a western summit 10000 feet altitude

Box 1

Page 50 item 189 summit of castle peak 10000 feet altitude

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Page 51 item 112 scene near donner pass table peak in the distance

Box 1

Page 51 item 190 summit of castle peak from the north west

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Page 51 item 191 summit valley from emigrant mount alt 8200 feet looking toward cisco

Box 1

Page 51 item 194 lakes in anderson valley from lava bluff

Box 1

Page 52 item 117 bluffs in donner pass western summit 500 feet high pass 7000

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Page 52 item 192 anderson valley and devils peak from emigrant mountain western summit

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Page 52 item 195 american peak in spring view near pass western summit

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Page 52 item 196 shaft house over summit tunnel american peak in distance

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Page 53 item 114 scene at lake angela altitude 7300 feet

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Page 53 item 187 summits of sierras 8000 to 10000 feet altitude

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Page 53 item 200 bluff and snow bank in donner pass western summit altitude 1092 feet

Box 1

Page 53 item 201 melting of a snow bank scene on the summits in august

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Page 54 item 115 lake angela mount king in the distance western summit

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Page 54 item 116 camp near summit tunnel mount king in distance

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Page 54 item 118 summit tunnel eastern portal length 1660 feet on the western summit

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Page 54 item 119 laborers and rocks near opening of summit tunnel

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Page 55 item 113 castle peak from grants butte western summit

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Page 55 item 120 scene near summit tunnel eastern slope of western summit

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Page 55 item 121 grants peak and palisade rocks from western summit

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Page 55 item 237 crested peak from grants butte

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Page 56 item 122 palisade rocks with road and teams descending western summit

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Page 56 item 123 lakeview bluff 350 feet high from the wagon road

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Page 56 item 124 road and rocks at foot of crested peak eastern slope of western

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Page 56 item 199 east portal of summit tunnel and wagon road from tunnel no 7

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Page 57 item 193 summit station western summit

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Page 57 item 197 summit tunnel before completion western summit altitude 7042 feet

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Page 57 item 198 east portal of summit tunnel western summit length 1660 feet

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Page 57 item 246 constructing snow cover scene near the summit

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Page 58 item 209 view from crested peak 8500 ft alt donner lake 1500 ft below

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Page 58 item 255 from tunnel no 10 looking west building wall across the ravine

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Page 58 item 256 crested peak and tunnel no 10 eastern slope of western summit

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Page 58 item 257 tunnel no 12 strongs canyon

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Page 59 item 202 east portals of tunnels no 6 and 7 from tunnel no 8

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Page 59 item 204 heading of east portal tunnel no 8 from donner lake railroad

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Page 59 item 252 snow gallery around crested peak timbers 12 x 14 in 20 in apart

Box 1

Page 59 item 254 inside view of snow gallery at summit bolting the frame to the rocks

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Page 60 item 125 donner lake from summit lakeview bluff on the right

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Page 60 item 126 donner lake and eastern summit from top of summit tunnel

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Page 60 item 127 donner lake 110 miles from sacramento eastern summits 25 miles

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Page 60 item 203 donner lake tunnels no 7 and 8 from summit tunnel eastern summit

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Page 61 item 206 coldstream valley from tunnel no 13

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Page 61 item 207 coldstream eastern slope of western summit

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Page 61 item 258 castle peak from railroad above donner lake

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Page 61 item 259 coldstream valley east of donner lake

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Page 62 item 128 boating party on donner lake between eastern and western

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Page 62 item 129 donner lake with crested peak and mt lincoln in distance

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Page 62 item 130 view on donner lake altitude 5964 feet

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Page 62 item 131 donner lake with pass in distance altitude above lake 1126 feet

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Page 62 item 132 donner lake peak and pass from wagon road

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Page 63 item 205 railroad on pollards hill 1100 feet above donner lake

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Page 63 item 260 mist rising from donner lake early morning view

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Page 63 item 261 railroad around crested peak view from foot of donner lake

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Page 64 item 501 donner lake from railroad around crested peak

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Page 64 item 502 castle peak and donner lake view from railroad

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Page 64 item 505 railroad and pass over western summit from foot of donner

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Page 64 item 506 railroad around donner lake from foot of lake

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Page 65 item 504 mirror cove and crested peak donner lake

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Page 66 item 220 scene on the truckee river near donner lake

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Page 66 item 262 depot at truckee 119 miles from sacramento

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Page 66 item 263 scene at truckee nevada county

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Page 66 item 264 truckee river at truckee station 15 miles from lake tahoe

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Page 67 item 221 truckee river below truckee station looking west toward donne

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Page 67 item 222 truckee river below truckee station looking toward eatern

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Page 67 item 223 truckee river approaching the eastern summits

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Page 67 item 227 profile rock near the first crossing of the truckee river

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Page 68 item 224 first crossing of the truckee river 133 miles from sacramento

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Page 68 item 225 bridge over first crossing trucee river 204 feet long

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Page 68 item 226 interior of bridge over first crossing of the truckee river

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Page 68 item 236 cathedral rocks truckee river

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Page 69 item 228 truckee river entering the eastern summits tunnel no 14

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Page 69 item 265 boca crossing of little truckee

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Page 69 item 266 view of truckee river near camp 24

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Page 69 item 268 boundary peak and tunnel no 15 137 miles from sacramento

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Page 70 item 267 view near the state line truckee river

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Page 70 item 269 tunnel no 15 looking east toward nevada

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Page 70 item 270 tunnel no 15 near camp 24

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Page 71 item 275 eagle gap truckee river

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Page 72 item 271

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Page 72 item 272

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Page 72 item 273 bridge at eagle gap truckee river

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Page 72 item 274 bridge over truckee river eagle gap

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Page 73 item 275 eagle gap truckee river

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Page 73 item 276 view near verdi truckee river

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Page 73 item 277 looking toward verdi truckee river 140 miles from sacramento

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Page 73 item 278 bridge below verdi truckee river

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Page 74 item 279 fourth crossing of truckee river 147 miles from sacramento

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Page 74 item 280 granite quarry near reno

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Page 74 item 281 reno and washoe range in distance from base of sierra nevada

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Page 74 item 706 fourth crossing of truckee river eastern summit of sierras

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Page 75 item 282 piute squaws and children at reno

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Page 75 item 283 piute indians at reno

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Page 75 item 284 freight depots at reno 154 miles from sacramento

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Page 75 item 285 scene at depot at reno

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Page 76 item 286 virginia street from the bridge reno

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Page 76 item 287 entering lower canyon of truckee river

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Page 76 item 288 looking across truckee meadows toward sierra nevada mountains

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Page 76 item 289 truckee meadows sierra nevada mountains 20 miles distant

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Page 77 item 290 truckee meadows from camp 37 162 miles from sacramento

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Page 77 item 291 scene near camp 37 lower canyon of truckee

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Page 77 item 292 below camp 37 lower canyon of truckee

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Page 77 item 293 crossing of wagon road lower canyon of truckee

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Page 78 item 294 cottonwood valley lower canyon of truckee

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Page 78 item 295 scene on bank of truckee river lower canyon of truckee

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Page 78 item 296 basaltic rocks lower canyon of truckee

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Page 78 item 297 view from basaltic rocks looking east

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Page 79 item 298 limestone point lower canyon of truckee

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Page 79 item 299 truckee river and railroad at lime point sierra nevada mountains

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Page 79 item 300 pleasant valley lower canyon of truckee

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Page 79 item 301 pleasant valley looking west lower canyon of truckee river

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Page 80 item 302 pleasant valley looking east lower canyon of truckee river

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Page 80 item 303 red bluffs looking from the west lower canyon of truckee river

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Page 80 item 304 looking west from red bluffs lower canyon of truckee river

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Page 80 item 305 red bluffs lower canyon of truckee 178 miles from sacramento

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Page 81 item 310 construction train on desert near humboldt lake

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Page 81 item 311 construction train on alkali dessert

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Page 81 item 312 alkali flat construction train in distance

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Page 81 item 313 chinese camp browns station

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Page 82 item 314 browns station 234 miles from sacramento

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Page 82 item 315 water train opposite humboldt lake

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Page 82 item 316 end of track near humboldt lake

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Page 82 item 317 end of track on humboldt plains

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Page 83 item 318 lower crossing humboldt river 254 miles from sacramento

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Page 83 item 319 winnemucca depot 334 miles from sacramento

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Page 83 item 320 winnemucca town and peak 334 miles from sacramento

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Page 83 item 321 advance of civilization end of track near item ron point

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Page 84 item 322 advance of civilization scene on the humboldt desert

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Page 84 item 323 shoshone indians looking at locomotive on desert

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Page 84 item 324 soshone indians humboldt plains

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Page 84 item 325 car of supt of construction end of track

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Page 85 item 326 argenta station at skull ranch 395 miles from sacramento

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Page 85 item 327 chinese camp at end of track

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Page 85 item 328 powder bluff west end of 10 mile canyon

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Page 85 item 329 second crossing of humboldt river 430 miles from sacramento

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Page 86 item 330 commencement of a snow storm scene east of second crossing

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Page 86 item 331 sentinel rock ten mile canyon

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Page 86 item 332 team camp evening view end of track

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Page 86 item 333 curving item ron ten mile canyon

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Page 86 item 336 entering the palisades ten mile canyon

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Page 87 item 334 humboldt gate ten mile sanyon

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Page 87 item 335 building water tank trout creek mountains in distance

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Page 87 item 337 the palisades ten mile canyon 435 miles from sacramento

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Page 88 item 338 first construction train passing the palisades ten mile canyon

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Page 88 item 339 alcove in palisades ten mile canyon

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Page 88 item 340 indian viewing r r from top of palisades 435 miles from sacramento

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Page 88 item 341 view across river and canyon from top of palisades

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Page 89 item 342 shoshone indians ten mile canyon

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Page 89 item 343 train at argenta 396 miles from sacramento

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Page 89 item 344 machine shops at carlin 445 miles from sacramento

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Page 89 item 345 carlin from the water tanks looking west

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Page 90 item 346 depot at elko 468 miles from sacramento

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Page 90 item 347 elko from the west 468 miles from sacramento

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Page 90 item 348 water tank at peko 488 miles from sacramento

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Page 90 item 349 scene near deeth mount halleck in distance

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Page 91 item 350 railroad camp near victory 10 1 4 miles laid in one day

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Page 91 item 351 monument point from the lake 669 miles from sacramento

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Page 91 item 352 salt lake from monument point 669 miles from sacramento

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Page 91 item 353 poetry and prose scene at monument point north end of salt lake

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Page 92 item 354 the first greeting of the item ron horse promontory point may 9th 1869

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Page 92 item 355 the last rail the invocation fixing the wire may 10th 1869

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Page 92 item 356 the last rail item s laid scene at promontory point may 10 1869

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Page 92 item 357 the rival monarchs scene at promontory point may 10th 1869

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Page 93 item 358 monarch from the west scene at promontory point may 10 1869

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Page 93 item 359 monarch from the east scene at promontory point may 10 1869

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Page 93 item 360 the last act 690 miles from sacramento scene at promontory point

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Page 93 item 361 looking west from taylors mills near ogden

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Page 94 item 362 taylors mills wahsatch range near ogden

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Page 94 item 363 odgen and wahsatch range 742 miles from sacramento

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Page 94 item 364 railroad at ogden wahsatch range in distance

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