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Chao (Yuen Ren) papers
BANC MSS 83/30 c  
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Table of contents What's This?
  • Conditions Governing Access/ 開放使用說明
  • Conditions Governing Use/ 使用管理條例
  • Preferred Citation/ 首選引文
  • Alternate Forms Available/ 其他可資利用
  • Related Materials/ 相關資料
  • Immediate Source of Acquisition/ 館藏來源
  • Accruals/ 預期館藏
  • System of Arrangement/ 安排方式
  • Processing Information/ 處理信息
  • Biographical/ Historical/ 生平 / 歷史背景
  • Scope and Contents/ 內容

  • Language of Material: English
    Contributing Institution: The Bancroft Library
    Title: Yuen Ren Chao papers, 1906-1982.

    趙(元任)檔案, 1906-1982
    Creator: Chao, Yuen Ren, 1892-1982
    Identifier/Call Number: BANC MSS 83/30 c
    Physical Description: 50.1 Linear Feet 37 cartons, 1 document box, 9 card file boxes

    50.1英呎 37 個紙板箱, 1個文件箱, 9個卡片檔案盒
    Date (inclusive): 1906-1982
    Abstract: The Yuen Ren Chao papers document the life and career of the celebrated linguist, phonologist, theorist, poet, and teacher. The materials are varied in nature and range in origin from Chao’s early school years to the time of his death, encompassing both his personal life and the development of his professional career and endeavors across China and the United States. They include Chao’s personal and professional correspondence; his research files, readings, notes, and fieldwork material; the material generated by his work for governmental, intergovernmental, academic, and professional organizations; manuscripts for many of his major books and articles; course material and administrative documents related to his teaching; and his personal material, which includes diaries, notebooks, undergraduate and graduate schoolwork, and documentation of travel and personal accounts. Together, these materials form a comprehensive illustration of Chao’s life and work, from his early years and studies at Cornell and Harvard, to his involvement with Tsing Hua and Academia Sinica, his work with the Committee on Unification of the National Language in China and the Ministry of Education, and his work as a scholar, consultant, and educator, both abroad and in the Unites States, and in particular at the University of California, Berkeley. While materials have been arranged to maximize accessibility, an effort has been made to adhere to Chao’s original organization.

    趙元任檔案全方位記錄了知名語言學家、音韵學家、理論家、詩人、教師和現代漢語語言學的開創者之一趙元任先生一生的生活與工作情況.檔案包含各種多樣化的原始資料,從趙早期求學生活開始直到他去世為止,涵蓋了他往返於中國與美國之間的個人生活及在專業領域裡的發展歷程,其中包括個人與專業方面的信函; 研究文檔、讀物、筆記和田野調查資料;參與政府、學術和專業機構有關事務的情況;主要著作和文章的手稿;授課的課程材料和有關的行政文件; 個人文檔,包括日記、筆記、大學和研究院時期的作業、旅行檔案和個人帳號. 從整體來看,這些檔案完整地呈現了趙元任的一生,從他早年到康乃爾和哈佛大學求學,到任職於清華大學和中央研究院,擔任國語統一籌備委員會委員和參與教育部有關事務,以及他集學者、顧問和教育家為一身在海外和國內,尤其是任教於加州大學柏克萊分校期間取得的傑出成就,是他一生的綜合寫照. 檔案整編力求依循趙的原始分類,以期為資料查閱提供最大的便利.
    Language of Material: Collection materials are in English and Chinese, with a handful of documents in French and German.

    收藏的資料主要以英文和中文為主, 只有少數的法文和德文文件.
    Physical Location: Many of the Bancroft Library collections are stored offsite and advance notice may be required for use. For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the library's online catalog.

    由於大部分Bancroft檔案館的收藏儲存於館外的檔案庫, 有意造訪者請先上網查詢檔案目錄, 確定檔案的所在後, 再和館方進行聯絡與安排.

    Conditions Governing Access/ 開放使用說明

    Collection is open for research.
    本檔現已開放提供研究.

    Conditions Governing Use/ 使用管理條例

    Some materials in these collections may be protected by the U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.). In addition, the reproduction of some materials may be restricted by terms of University of California gift or purchase agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.
    All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Public Services, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley 94720-6000. See: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/reference/permissions.html.
    本檔案中有些資料可能受美國著作權法保護 (Title 17, U.S.C.). 此外, 複製某些資料可能受到加州大學捐贈或購買協議、捐贈者的要求、隱私權和公開權、授權和商標法上的限制. 傳輸或複製受到著作權法保護的資料, 除了符合合理使用條件的情形外, 需要得到著作權人的書面許可方可進行. 著作尚未歸屬公眾領域前, 沒有得到著作權人的允許不得擅作商業使用, 否則由使用者自行負完全責任.
    凡有關複製、出版、引文或其他使用本檔案資料事宜, 請直接與公共服務處負責人聯絡: Head of Public Services, The Bancroft Library, University of California,Berkeley 94720-6000. 請上網至: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/reference/permissions.html查詢.

    Preferred Citation/ 首選引文

    [Identification of item], Yuen Ren Chao papers, BANC MSS 83/30c, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.
    [項目鑑定], 趙元任, BANC MSS 83/30c, The Bancroft Library, 加州大學柏克萊分校.

    Alternate Forms Available/ 其他可資利用

    There are no alternate forms of this collection.
    本檔是單一的檔案.

    Related Materials/ 相關資料

    Chinese linguist, phonologist, composer and author: oral history transcript / Yuen Ren Chao, BANC MSS 78 /43
    This oral history, conducted in 1977 by the Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library (formerly known as the Regional Oral History Office), can also be accessed online at: http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8779p27v/
    中國語言學家, 音韵學家, 作曲家和作家: 口述歷史抄本/趙元任, BANC MSS 78 /43
    這個口述歷史, 於1977年在 The Bancroft Library 的口述歷史中心(先前為地區口述歷史辦公室)完成的, 如果想取得有關訊息, 請上網至: http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb8779p27v/

    Immediate Source of Acquisition/ 館藏來源

    The Yuen Ren Chao papers were given to The Bancroft Library by Rulan Chao Pian in July 1982. Additions were made on November 7, 1990.
    趙元任的檔案分別於1982年7月和1990年11月7日由卞趙如蘭捐給 The Bancroft Library.

    Accruals/ 預期館藏

    No additions are expected.
    無預期的檔案.

    System of Arrangement/ 安排方式

    Portions of this collection are arranged to the folder level, while others are arranged to the container level.
    本檔案大致以整理成檔案夾為主, 少數的文件則依其需要裝箱(盒)保存.

    Processing Information/ 處理信息

    Processed by Lori Dedeyan and Fumei C. Lin in 2016.
    由Lori Dedeyan 與Fumei C. Lin於2016年整理.

    Biographical/ Historical/ 生平 / 歷史背景

    Yuen Ren Chao was born in Tianjin, China, on November 3, 1892. When he was nine years old, his family moved back to their home town of Changzhou. At 14 years old, he entered Changzhou Xishan elementary school for modern education. At 15 years old he was sent to the Kiangnan High School in Nanjing. In 1910 he won a Boxer Indemnity Scholarship and went to Cornell University to study mathematics and physics. After graduating in 1914, he was accepted at Harvard for graduate work in philosophy. During this time, he helped establish the Science Society of China (1915). After completing his Ph.D. dissertation, “Continuity, a Study in Methodology,” in 1918, he taught physics for a year at Cornell.
    In 1920 he returned to China to teach psychology and physics at Tsing Hua College in Beijing. During this time, he was engaged by the National Peking University to serve as interpreter to Bertrand Russell during his lecture tour in China. The experience helped him decide upon linguistics as his major field of study and research. During this period he married Dr. Buwei Yang, a surgeon and gynecologist, who encouraged him to further pursue linguistics.
    In 1921 he returned to Harvard to teach philosophy and Chinese, and to study linguistics more systematically. Returning again to China in 1925, he taught Chinese phonology and music at Tsing Hua, later known as the National Tsing Hua University, and began a survey of the Wu dialects in 1927. The Institute for History and Philology of the Academia Sinica was established in Guangzhou in 1929, and Chao was appointed as director of its linguistic section and as director of a linguistic fieldwork survey of China until 1938. During this period, he also collaborated with Luo Changpei and Li Fang-Kuei, two other leading Chinese linguists, to edit and translate Bernhard Karlgren's Études sur la Phonologie Chinoise (1940). In 1941, after a year as Visiting Professor at the University of Hawaii and two years at Yale, he returned again to Harvard, where he taught for six years. In 1947 he became Professor of Oriental Language and Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, where in 1952 he was made Agassiz Professor of Oriental Languages and Linguistics. He retired from teaching in 1960.
    In 1946, Chao served as the Deputy Head of the Chinese delegation to the first General Conference of UNESCO at the Sorbonne and was elected as a vice-chairman of its Social Sciences, Philosophy, and Humanistic Sciences sub-commission. In 1948, he was the director of the UNESCO summer seminar held at the State of New York. He served as president of the Linguistic Society of America in 1945 and the American Oriental Society in 1960. In 1959 he was Fulbright Research Social at Kyoto University and held the China Foundation Chair in Linguistics at the National Taiwan University. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
    Chao’s Chinese translation of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1922) was one of the first books written in pure Baihua, the Chinese spoken language, and played a part in the literary revolution of the early 1920s. Chao co-wrote Buwei Yang Chao’s book, How to Cook and Eat in Chinese (1945), which popularized the terms “pot-sticker” and “stir fry,” among others, and translated her Autobiography of a Chinese Woman (1947). The Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese, published for the Harvard-Yenching Institute by Harvard University Press, was issued in 1947. His Cantonese Primer was published during the same year by Harvard University Press and was followed in 1948 by his Mandarin Primer, which was accompanied by character texts and a set of Mandarin Primer Records in 1956. Readings in Sayable Chinese (Asian Language Publications) and A Grammar of Spoken Chinese (University of California Press) were both published in 1968. Life With Chaos: The Autobiography of a Chinese Family, was published in 1975.
    As a member of the Committee on Unification of the National Language, Chao also conceived Gwoyeu Romatzyh, (“National Language Romanization”), a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet, which was adopted by China in 1928 as the national Romanization system before being replaced with Pinyin. He published a textbook, set of records, and a phonetic dictionary in the early 1920s, in order to support studies of this system. His General Chinese, developed in the 1960s and 1970s, was a phonetic system created to represent the pronunciations of all major varieties of Chinese simultaneously. He also contributed the “Chao tone letters” to the International Phonetic Alphabet, established by the International Phonetic Association.
    As a scholar, Chao also made significant contributions to child language studies, sociolinguistics, and explored critical questions in the field of linguistic theory. His penchant for puns and wordplay is evident in his well- known poem, “The Lion- Eating Poet in the Stone Den,” which is composed of 94 characters and in which every syllable has the sound “shi” (bearing different tones) when read in modern Mandarin Chinese.
    Chao was also a composer and scholar of Chinese music. In Songs of Contemporary Poems (1928), he set to music poems by Hu Shih and others (including his own). Two of his later compositions are “Song for the Children’s Year” (1936) and “Launching Song of the ‘Oriental Giant’” (1959). Perhaps one of his most popular compositions is "How Can I Not Think of Her?," written in 1926.
    Yuen Ren and Buwei Yang Chao had four daughters: Rulan Chao Pian, a professor of Chinese language and ethnomusicology at Harvard; Nova Xinna; Lensey Chao Namioka; and Bella Sheaujong Chao.
    Chao died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1982.
    This biography relies heavily on the introduction to Aspects of Chinese Sociolinguistics, a collection of Chao’s essays compiled and introduced by Anwar S. Dil.
    趙元任1892年11月3日出生於中國天津, 9歲時隨家人遷居老家常州, 14歲時進常州溪山小學接受現代教育, 15歲時入南京江南高等學堂就讀, 並於1910年考取了清華學堂庚子賠款留美官費生, 前往美國康乃爾大學主修數學和物理. 1914年他從康乃爾大學畢業, 翌年前往哈佛大學的研究院繼續攻讀哲學. 在此期間, 他參加創建了中國科學社(1915). 1918年趙元任完成了博士論文“連續性:方法論的研究”, 獲得哲學博士學位, 並到康乃爾大學教授了一年的物理學.
    1920年趙元任回到中國, 在北京清華學堂(清華大學的前身)教授心理學和物理.在這段時間, 國立北京大學安排他擔任伯特蘭·羅素(Bertrand Russell) 在中國巡迴演講的翻譯, 這一經歷促使他決定以語言學為主要學習與研究的方向. 1921年6月他與外科兼婦科醫生——楊步偉女士結婚, 楊女士也十分鼓勵他進一步研習語言學.
    1921年9月他回到哈佛大學教授哲學與漢語, 同時也更系統地進行語言學研究. 1925年他再次回到中國, 在清華學堂教授中國音韵學和音樂. 1927年春, 趙元任開始系統地對吳語方言進行調查. 1929年10月中央研究院歷史語言研究所在廣州成立, 由趙元任擔任語言組主任, 主持中國方言調查工作, 直至1938年. 除此之外, 他更與兩位中國頂尖的語言學家羅常培和李方桂合譯了高本漢(Bernhard Karlgren)的《中國音韵學研究》(1940). 1938年夏, 趙元任接夏威夷大學聘書再次赴美, 在夏威夷大學任教一年, 隨後在耶魯大學擔任了兩年的客座教授, 後再次回到哈佛大學任教六年. 1947年趙元任成為加州大學柏克萊分校東方語言及語言學系教授, 並於1952年獲得“阿加西教授”(Agassiz Professor)榮譽稱號, 任教至1960年退休.
    1946年, 趙元任出席在巴黎索邦(Sorbonne)召開的聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)開幕典禮, 被選為副主席之一, 並做發言. 1948年UNESCO設暑期講習班, 由趙元任主持. 他擔任過1945年美國語言學會(Linguistic Society of America)會長和1960年美國東方學會(American Oriental Society)的會長. 1959年他以福布萊特基金會研究學者 (Fulbright Research Social)的身份到京都大學講學, 又擔任中華教育文化基金會(China Foundation)在國立台灣大學語言學的主席. 以及美國文理科學院(American Academy of Arts and Sciences)的院士.
    他翻譯的《阿麗斯漫遊奇境記》(1922)是最早以純白話的漢語口語呈現的作品之一, 在中國20世紀20年代早期的文學革命中佔有重要的一席之地. 他和楊步偉合著了《中國食譜》(How to Cook and Eat in Chinese)(1945)一書, 並為其翻譯了“一個女人的自傳”(1947). 他們在《中國食譜》一書中創造的“鍋貼”(pot-sticker)和“翻炒”(stir fry)兩個詞已廣為人知. 1947年哈佛大學出版社發行了他為哈佛燕京學社編寫的《國語字典》,同年《粵語入門》也由哈佛大學出版社出版, 翌年《國語入門》一書完成並問世. 1956 年哈佛大學又出版了《國語入門》配套漢字課本及錄音帶. 《中國話的讀物》(亞洲語言出版社)和《中國話的文法》(加州大學出版社)都在1968年出版,《雜記趙家》則於1975年完成.
    趙元任在擔任國語統一委員會委員期間,擬定了國語羅馬字系統, 即一套漢字拉丁化方案, 於1928年被中國所採用,直到該系統被漢語拼音所取代. 他在20世紀20年代早期出版了一本教科書,一套錄音帶, 和一冊語音字典, 就是為了支持該系統所編製的. 他的通字方案, 發展於20世紀60至70年代, 是一種漢語拼讀系統, 該系統可同時呈現漢語主要方言的發音特徵. 趙元任發明的"五度標記法"為國際語音協會(International Phonetic Association)設計國際音標(International Phonetic Alphabet)提供了重要的借鑒.
    趙元任是一位優秀的學者. 他對語言學理論等領域的關鍵性問題進行了深入的研究, 並在兒童語言學、社會語言學等方面都有著卓越的貢獻. 他對雙關語和文字遊戲情有獨鍾, 那篇著名的《施氏食獅史》就是以現代漢語普通話中94個發相同音節"shi" (聲調不同)的字所寫成.
    趙元任也是一名中國音樂的作曲家和研究學者. 在《新詩歌集》(1928)裡,他將胡適和其他人(包括他自己)的作品譜成音樂. 之後, 他又作了《兒童年歌》與《”東方巨人号"下水颂》, 而其中最膾炙人口的作品莫過於1926年寫成的《教我如何不想她》.
    趙元任與楊步偉育有四個女兒: 長女卞趙如蘭(Rulan Chao Pian), 是哈佛大學中國語言學和民族音樂學的教授;次女趙新那(Nova Xinna Chao); 三女趙來思(Lensey Chao Namioka); 四女趙小中(Bella Sheaujong Chao).
    趙元任於1982年在馬薩諸塞州劍橋市(Cambridge, Massachusetts)逝世. 本生平傳記主要依據Anwar S. Dil 編撰的漢語社會語言學面面觀: 趙元任論文集》一書中的導論編寫而成.

    Scope and Contents/ 內容

    The Yuen Ren Chao papers document the life and career of the celebrated linguist, phonologist, theorist, poet, and teacher. The materials are varied in nature and range in origin from Chao’s early school years to the time of his death, encompassing both his personal life and the development of his professional career and endeavors across China and the United States. Together, these materials form a comprehensive illustration of Chao’s life and work, from his early years and studies at Cornell and Harvard, to his involvement with Tsing Hua and Academia Sinica, his work with the Committee on Unification of the National Language in China and the Ministry of Education, and his work as a scholar, consultant, and educator, both abroad and in the Unites States, and in particular at the University of California, Berkeley. While materials have been arranged to maximize accessibility, an effort has been made to adhere to Chao’s original organization.
    Collection contents have been arranged into nine series:
    Series 1 (Correspondence) is dedicated to incoming and outgoing correspondence of a professional and personal nature.
    Series 2 (Research files) consists largely of fieldwork material and notes from Chao’s dialect surveys in China, undertaken in the period from 1927-1938 and mainly, but not exclusively, under the auspices of Academia Sinica. Also included are subject notes on language reform, phonology, Romanization, translation, and other topics, as well as some material pertaining to Chao’s work in acoustical phonetics, spectrography, and sound recording.
    Series 3 (Professional activities) is divided into six subseries: Governmental and intergovernmental organizations; Academic institutions; Professional organizations; Grants and fellowships; Editorships and consulting; and General Chinese. These subseries largely contain correspondence, notes, reports, invoices, and minutes, relating in particular to the establishment of Academia Sinica; Chao’s work for the Ministry of Education in China; his involvement with the Harvard- Yenching Institute and other academic institutions in the United States; his involvement with UNESCO; his work as a Fulbright and Guggenheim fellow; his participation in myriad professional organizations and conferences; and his editing and consultant work for organizations and colleagues alike. This material also documents the research and practical matters surrounding the development of Chao’s system of General Chinese.
    Series 4 (Writing) is divided into four subseries: Books, Articles and papers, Lectures and speeches, and Reprints. These contain manuscripts, revisions, notes, and publication correspondence for almost all of Chao’s major works and a wide selection of articles and lectures, as well as a large selection of reprints that have been retained and occasionally annotated by Chao.
    Series 5 (Course material) is divided into two subseries: University of California, Berkeley, and Other institutions. It contains lecture notes, course material, and exams for Chao’s professorial work, as well as his work as an instructor for various Linguistic Institutes organized by the Linguistic Society of America.
    Series 6 (Administrative material) largely consists of correspondence and documentation for various institutions and programs. The bulk of these originates with the University of California, Berkeley, and encompasses Chao’s committee work, chairmanship of the Department of Oriental Languages, Faculty Research Lecture, and various other practical matters.
    Series 7 (Personalia) is divided into three subseries: Personal materials, Early writings and class notes, and Diaries and notebooks. Personal materials include immigration and naturalization documents, legal documents, travel itineraries, address books, collected material of interest, and manuscripts and preparations for Chao’s famous Green Letters, which were sent to a long list of friends and colleagues. Early writings and class notes encompass Chao’s undergraduate and graduate course material, including class papers, notes, and copies of his Ph.D. dissertation, “Continuity: A Study in Methodology.” The diaries and notebooks were meticulously kept and span most of Chao’s life, from 1906 to 1982.
    Series 8 (Subject and Reference files) is divided into two subseries: Subject files and Reference files. Subject files contain intermixed notes and readings (including reprints of Chao’s own work), arranged and partially numbered by Chao under various topics. Reference files contain only material by others, retained and occasionally lightly annotated by Chao.
    Series 9 (Recordings) contains notes and dictation, recorded onto five soft vinyl discs.
    趙元任檔案全方位記錄了知名語言學家、音韵學家、理論家、詩人、教師和現代漢語語言學的開創者之一趙元任先生一生的生活與工作情況.檔案包含各種多樣化的原始資料, 從趙早期求學生活開始直到他去世為止,涵蓋了他往返於中國與美國之間的個人生活及在專業領域裡的發展歷程,從整體來看, 這些檔案完整地呈現了趙元任的一生, 從他早年到康乃爾和哈佛大學求學, 到任職於清華大學和中央研究院, 擔任國語統一籌備委員會委員和參與教育部有關事務, 以及他集學者、顧問和教育家為一身在海外和國內, 尤其是任教於加州大學柏克萊分校期間取得的傑出成就, 是他一生的綜合寫照. 檔案整編力求依循趙的原始分類, 以期為資料查閱提供最大的便利.
    檔案共分九個系列:
    系列1.(信函) 主要是個人和專業上來往的信函和文件.
    系列2.(研究文件) 主要包含1927-1938年間中央研究院在中國進行的方言田野調查, 與文字改革, 音韵學, 漢字羅馬化, 翻譯, 和其他如聲學語音學, 光譜法和錄音有關的主題筆記.
    系列3. (專業活動) 分為六個子系列: 政府與政府間的組織; 學術機構; 助學金和獎學金; 編輯, 諮詢, 通字方案.這些子系列主要包含中央研究院草創時期往來的信件, 筆記, 報告, 賬單, 和會議記錄; 為中國政府教育部的事務; 參與美國哈佛燕京和其他學術機構的文件; 參加聯合國教科文組織; 出任福布萊特和古根漢研究員; 參與無數的專業組織與會議; 以及擔當組織與同儕的編輯和顧問的工作; 文件又記錄通字方案的研究與發展.
    系列4. (著作) 分為四個子系列: 書, 文章和論文, 講義和演講, 與重印本, 主要包括手稿, 修訂稿, 筆記, 和他主要出版作品的書信往來; 大量的文章與講義, 和經過他註解與選擇後保留的重印本.
    系列5. (課程教材) 分為兩個子系列: 加州大學柏克萊分校和其他的學術機構, 包含講義筆記, 課程教材和試題, 以及由美國語言學會安排到各個語言學院授課的課程材料.
    系列6. (行政文件) 大部分是分別與各個學術機構往返的信函和文件, 絕大部分是與加州大學柏克萊分校有關, 包括他參與的委員會, 擔任東方語言學系系主任, 學院講座, 以及其他實務.
    系列7. (個人物品) 分為三個子系列: 個人文件, 早期寫作和課程筆記, 日記與筆記. 個人文件包括移民和入籍文件, 法律文件, 旅行計劃表, 地址簿, 個人感興收集的材料, 手稿, 送予眾多親友與同儕的”綠信”草稿與名單, 早期寫作和課程筆記則是他在讀大學與研究所時期的課業材料, 包括課堂講義, 筆記, 以及他的博士論文,“連續性,在方法上的研究”, 至於日記與筆記本則是從1906到1982年被嚴密的保存了下來.
    系列8. (主題與參考文件) 分為兩個子系列: 主題和參考文件. 主題文件包含筆記和文章(例如趙個人的重印本), 其中有些根據主題而有編號. 參考文件部分則是他人的文章, 有些有趙的註解.
    系列9. (錄音) 包含五張唱片.

    Subjects and Indexing Terms

    Chinese Language--Dialects
    Chinese language--Grammar
    Chinese Language--Reform
    Chinese Language--Study and teaching
    Chinese language--Transliteration
    Linguistics--California--Berkeley
    Linguistics--China
    Linguists
    University of California, Berkeley. Department of Oriental Languages--Faculty
    Chao, Yuen Ren, 1892-1982